01-22 Satellite Transmission

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22 Satellite TransmissionAbout This Chapter

22.1 Overview

This topic describes the application of satellite transmission, which is mainly adopted in remote

mountainous areas or sparsely populated plains.

22.2 Availability

This topic describes the availability of satellite transmission. The realization of satellite

transmission depends on the cooperation of relevant NEs and software.

22.3 Impact

The topic describes the impact of satellite transmission on system performance.

22.4 Technical Description

Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over Ater, A, Abis, and Pb interfaces. The satellite

transmission over Abis interface is the most widely used application.

22.5 Implementation

The implementation of satellite transmission refers to configuring satellite transmission over the

Ater, A, Abis, and Pb interfaces.

22.6 Maintenance Information

There is no maintenance information related to satellite transmission.

22.7 ReferencesThere is no reference related to satellite transmission.

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem

BSS Feature Description 22 Satellite Transmission

Issue 01 (2007-09-05) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 22-1


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22.1 Overview

This topic describes the application of satellite transmission, which is mainly adopted in remote

mountainous areas or sparsely populated plains.

Definition

Satellite transmission enables different entities to communicate with each other by using the

satellites orbiting the earth.

Compared with traditional terrestrial transmission, satellite transmission has the problems such

as delay, jitter, and bit error. These problems are causes why the ordinary GSM equipment does

not support satellite transmission over the Abis interface.

Huawei BSS eliminates the delay, jitter, and bit error problems over satellite transmission

through the optimization of signaling procedures and the adjustment of relevant timers. Huawei

BSS supports the satellite transmission over A, Ater, Abis, Pb, and Gb interfaces.

Purposes

Satellite transmission is widely used in remote mountainous areas or sparsely populated plains.

The satellite transmission features wide coverage, long transmission distance, and flexible link

scheduling. This enables satellite transmission to be used beyond geographical difference and

transmission distance.

TermsNone.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations Full Spelling

VSAT Very satellite communications terminal

22.2 Availability

This topic describes the availability of satellite transmission. The realization of satellite

transmission depends on the cooperation of relevant NEs and software.

Network Elements Involved

Table 22-1 describes the NEs involved in satellite transmission.

Table 22-1 NEs involved in satellite transmission

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

- - - - -

22 Satellite Transmission


BSS Feature Description

22-2 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 01 (2007-09-05)


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MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

NOTE

l -: not involved

l : involved

Software Releases

Table 22-2 describes the versions of GBSS products that support satellite transmission.

Table 22-2 GBSS products and related versions

Product Version

BSC BSC6000 V900R001C01 and later

releases

BTS BTS30 All releases

BTS312 All releases

BTS3012A All releases

BTS3001C All releases



BTS3012 All releases

BTS3012AE All releases

Miscellaneous

None.

22.3 Impact

The topic describes the impact of satellite transmission on system performance.

Impact on System Performance

The delay involved in satellite transmission may affect the counters such as call drop rate,

handover success rate, and assignment success rate.

Impact on Other Features

None.





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22.4 Technical DescriptionHuawei BSS supports satellite transmission over Ater, A, Abis, and Pb interfaces. The satellite

transmission over Abis interface is the most widely used application.

22.4.1 Networking Modes of Satellite Transmission

This topic describes the networking of the satellite transmission over the Abis interface.

22.4.2 Satellite Transmission over Abis Interface

This topic describes the satellite transmission over the Abis interface. Satellite transmission has

a higher transmission delay than the terrestrial transmission. Huawei BSS is developed with

multiple optimization mechanisms to avoid abnormal procedures caused by prolonged delay.

22.4.3 Satellite Transmission over Pb Interface

The link layer on the Pb interface adopts LAPD link protocols. The processing on the LAPD

link is the same as that on the Abis interface.

22.4.1 Networking Modes of Satellite Transmission

This topic describes the networking of the satellite transmission over the Abis interface.

Star topology is adopted when the satellite transmission is implemented over the Abis interface.

Figure 22-1 shows a typical networking of satellite transmission.

NOTE

The principle of satellite transmission over Abis, Ater, Pb, and Gb interfaces is the same as that over the

Abis interface.

Figure 22-1 Typical networking of satellite transmission

MSC

BSCBTS

BTS

Satellite

ground station

BTS

BTS

Ground

receiving station

Ground

receiving station

SDH/PDH ormicrowave/

optical cables

E1

E1

The satellite communication is composed of the communication satellites and ground stations.

The communications satellite is usually a geosynchronous satellite, which orbits the equator.The satellite orbits at a distance of 35786 km from the earth and has an angular orbital velocity






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equal to the earth orbital velocity. The satellite is composed of the control system,

communication system (antennas and repeaters), telemeter system, power supply system, and

temperature control system.

The Earth station is composed of the antenna system, transceiver, channel terminal (modem),

communication control system, and power supply system.

l The earth station generally used for satellite transmission is a large international or

European standard communication station, which features high data rate, large aperture,

and high cost. User data is transferred to the Earth stations for communication, through the

terrestrial network.

l Using the VSAT-based system to build up a private network causes lower cost, smaller

aperture, and flexible deployment.

22.4.2 Satellite Transmission over Abis Interface

This topic describes the satellite transmission over the Abis interface. Satellite transmission hasa higher transmission delay than the terrestrial transmission. Huawei BSS is developed with

multiple optimization mechanisms to avoid abnormal procedures caused by prolonged delay.

Optimization on Immediate Assignment

The immediate assignment procedure involves the following steps:

1. The BSC sends a Channel Activation message to the BTS.

2. The BTS responds with a Channel Activation Acknowledgement message.

3. The BSC sends an Immediate Assignment Command message to the MS.

NOTE

In the terrestrial transmission, the interval between the Channel Activation message and the Channel

Activation Acknowledgement is short. In the satellite transmission, however, the MS takes a longer time

to receive the Immediate Assignment Command message from the BSS. The optimized immediate

assignment procedure is adopted in the satellite transmission to avoid prolonged call proceeding and

immediate assignment failure due to transmission delay.

After sending a Channel Activation message to the BTS, the BSC proceeds to send an Immediate

Assignment Command message to the MS without waiting for the Channel Activation

Acknowledgement message from the BTS.

Impact of System Information

To avoid the transmission delay and improve the access success rate of the MS in satellite

transmission, performs the following settings:

l Increase the number of Channel Request messages sent by the MS by setting MS MAX

Retrans to 4.

l Increase the interval between two transmissions by setting Tx-integer to 32.

Processing of LAPD Protocols

Prolong the length of timers and increase the value of the sliding window while processing LAPDprotocols to overcome the impact of transmission delay.



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Operating Mode of the BTS Clock

The BTS clock is subject to the BSC clock. If the satellite equipment fails to keep clock

synchronization, you can select the internal clock as the clock reference. The internal clock

extracted from the BSS also meets the requirements specified in GSM protocols.

Speech Quality

The speech quality is not affect when the bit error rate is less than 110-6. Generally, the bit

error rate in satellite transmission is less than 110-8.

22.4.3 Satellite Transmission over Pb Interface

The link layer on the Pb interface adopts LAPD link protocols. The processing on the LAPD

link is the same as that on the Abis interface.

22.5 Implementation

The implementation of satellite transmission refers to configuring satellite transmission over the

Ater, A, Abis, and Pb interfaces.

22.5.1 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Ater Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Aterinterface on the

BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.

22.5.2 Configuring Satellite Transmission over A Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the A interface on the BSC6000Local Maintenance Terminal.

22.5.3 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Abis Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Abis interface on the


22.5.4 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Pb Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Pb interface on the


22.5.1 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Ater Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Ater interface on the


Prerequisite

The GEIUT/GOIUT in the GMPS is configured with the Ater connection path.

Procedure

Step 1 Right-click a GEIUT/GOIUT on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance

Terminal and choose Configure Ater Connection Path on the short-cut menu. A dialog boxis displayed, as shown in Figure 22-2.






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Figure 22-2 Configuring Ater connection path

Step 2 ClickAdd. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 22-3.

Figure 22-3 Adding Ater connection path

Step 3 Set the parameters related to the Ater connection path, and clickOK. The addition of an Aterconnection path is complete.

Step 4 Right-click a GEIUT/GOIUT on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance

Terminal and choose Add Ater Signaling Linkon the short-cut menu. A dialog box isdisplayed, as shown in Figure 22-4.





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Figure 22-4 Adding an Ater signaling link


Figure 22-5 Configuring Ater signaling link

Step 6 Set Satellite Flag. Yes means that satellite transmission is adopted while No means terrestrialtransmission is adopted.




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Step 7 Set corresponding Timeslot Maskas shown in Figure 22-6. Only one timeslot mask can beconfigured.

Figure 22-6 Configuring timeslot mask

Step 8 ClickOkto return to Figure 22-4. ClickFinish to complete the configuration of satellitetransmission over the Ater interface.

NOTE

When you configure the Ater signaling link in the Add Ater Signaling Linkdialog box for the first time,

there are two options available for the Rate Type: 64 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s. If you select 2 Mbit/s, the system

regards the transmission as terrestrial transmission and this mode cannot be changed to satellite

transmission as the 2 Mbit/s signaling does not support satellite transmission. If you select 64 kbit/s, the

system regards the transmission as terrestrial transmission and this mode can be changed to satellite

transmission.

When you configure 2 Mbit/s or 64 kbit/s signaling link for the Ater interface, you must configure the same

rate type for the A interface.

In addition, the transmission mode of the Ater OML must be the same as the Ater signaling link, for

example, satellite transmission.

The transmission mode is determined by the Satellite Flag.

----End

22.5.2 Configuring Satellite Transmission over A Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the A interface on the BSC6000

Local Maintenance Terminal.

Prerequisite

The GEIUA/GOIUA in the GTCS is configured with A interface E1.



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Procedure

Step 1 Right-click a GEIUA/GOIUA on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local MaintenanceTerminal and choose Configure A Interface E1 on the short-cut menu. A dialog box is

displayed, as shown in Figure 22-7.

Figure 22-7 Configuring A interface E1







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Figure 22-8 Adding A interface E1s

Step 3 Set relevant parameters on the A Interface E1 Attributes tab page, and then clickOK. Theaddition of an E1 is complete.

Step 4 Right-click a GEIUA/GOIUA on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local MaintenanceTerminal and choose Configure SS7 Signaling Linkon the shortcut menu. A dialog box is


Figure 22-9 Configuring SS7 signaling link





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Figure 22-10 Adding SS7 signaling link

Step 6 On the MTP2 tab page, set the A Port No. and set the timeslots in the Ater Timeslot MaskandA Timeslot Mask, as shown in Figure 22-11.

CAUTION

The signaling link with the Rate Type of64 kbit/s can be configured with only one E1 timeslot.






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Figure 22-11 Configuring timeslot mask

Step 7 Set SLC and SLC Send on the MTP3 tab page. Set Satellite Flag as shown in Figure 22-12.Yes means that satellite transmission is adopted while No means terrestrial transmission is

adopted.



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Figure 22-12 Configuring MTP3 parameters

NOTE

The settings ofSLC and SLC send must be the same between the BSC and the MSC.

Step 8 ClickOKto return to the dialog box shown in Figure 22-9.

Step 9 ClickFinish to complete the configuration of satellite transmission over the A interface.

----End

22.5.3 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Abis Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Abis interface on theBSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.

Procedure

Step 1 Apply for a license and activate the license.

1. To apply for the license for the satellite transmission over Abis interface, in the

BSC6000V900R001 Exceptional Commercial License Application Template, you should

fill in the number of the sites that support satellite transmission in the Number of the sites

supporting satellite transmission column in the Resource control items field.

2. Activate the license on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal. For details, refer to

Activating License.




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After the licenses are activated, the BSC can support satellite transmission over the Abis interface

based on the number of applied licenses. By default, the satellite transmission over Abis

interface is closed. You can perform certain data configuration on the BSC6000 Local

Maintenance Terminal to open the satellite transmission over Abis interface.

NOTE

The license strategy is applied only to the Abis interface. The other interfaces can support satellite

transmission once they are correctly configured.

Step 2 On the Management Tree tab page of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-clicka BTS that needs to be configured with satellite transmission data, and then choose Site

Operation > Configure Site Attributes on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is displayed, as

shown in Figure 22-13.

Figure 22-13 Setting site attributes

Step 3 ClickSet Site Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 22-14.

Figure 22-14 Configuring site attributes

Step 4 On the Basic Information tab page, set the Transmission Mode to Satellite Transmission, asshown in Figure 22-15.

Figure 22-15 Configuring the basic information of the site


Step 6 ClickFinish to complete the configuration of satellite transmission over the Abis interface.

NOTE

The transmission modes over the Abis interface are as follows:

l In terrestrial transmission, the information transferred between the BTS and the BSC is carried by the

land bearing network.

l In satellite transmission, the information transferred between the BTS and the BSC is carried by the

satellite communications equipment.

----End

Postrequisite

To deactivate the satellite transmission, do as follows:

1. Set the satellite transmission of the BTSs to terrestrial transmission in the hardware aspects.

2. Set the Transmission Mode ofrelevant interfaces to Terrestrial Transmission.

NOTE

If the transmission mode of the BTSs is not set to terrestrial transmission in the hardware aspects while the

Terrestrial Transmission is defined through data configuration, the services quality deteriorates due tothe transmission delay occurred between satellite transmission and terrestrial transmission.



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22.5.4 Configuring Satellite Transmission over Pb Interface

This topic describes how to configure satellite transmission over the Pb interface on the


Prerequisite

The PCU is configured.

Procedure

Step 1 On the Management Tree tab page of theBSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-clickBSC6000 and choose Configure PCU on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is displayed, as

shown in Figure 22-16.

Figure 22-16 Configuring a PCU







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Figure 22-17 Adding a PCU

Step 3 Set PCU No., PCU Name, and then clickOKto return to Figure 22-16.

Step 4 ClickFinish to complete the configuration of the PCU.

Step 5 Right-click a GEIUP/GOIUP on the BSC Device Panel of the BSC6000 Local MaintenanceTerminal and choose Configure Pb Interface E1 on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is


Figure 22-18 Configuring Pb interface E1



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On the Pb Interface E1 Attributes tab page, set the parameters such as Port No., Start

PCIC, and Transmission Mode.

NOTE

The Start PCIC must be the multiple of 128. The configuration of the parameters on the CIC

Attributes tab page is not necessary.

Figure 22-19 Adding Pb interface E1


Step 8 ClickFinish to complete the configuration of satellite transmission over the Pb interface.

NOTE

Pb signaling links can be carried by terrestrial transmission or satellite transmission scheme. The satellite

transmission scheme can be adopted in deserts or lakes where the terrestrial transmission is unavailable.

After the Pb E1 ports are configured with satellite transmission scheme, the Pb signaling links can

automatically switch to satellite transmission mode based on the transmission mode adopted on the E1ports.

----End

22.6 Maintenance Information

There is no maintenance information related to satellite transmission.

Alarms

None.




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Counter

None.

22.7 ReferencesThere is no reference related to satellite transmission.





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