01. CHAPTER - 1 Concept of Safety

8/19/2019 01. CHAPTER - 1 Concept of Safety

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Department in industries. The basicob1ect o #'D is to pay more attentionand refne human resources. )hesehu/an or live resources can *edeveloped 0re ned onl! hen the! are

protected fro/ the dan$ers of deadresources. )his protection is nothin$ *ut

the concept of safet!.

2. HEALTH Vs EALTH

The most important live resource is aman. I we concentrate on this 2man3"what is more important+ #is #ealth or$ealth+ The simple reply is 2both3"because men want both. -ut the well&known ma,ims like health is wealth"sound mind in a sound body"

4567685l89 :;< =8>?5=@89" point outthat the health is more important. Aet itseems that the people take more care o wealth than the health. Bany lose theirhealth and li e in a race or the wealth.

The growing industriali(ation is also arace or the wealth. It has brought manyha!a"#s and threats to its creator a manhimsel #ealth o people is day by dayworsening and it seems that the wealth isconstantly challenging the health.

The great philosopher E. $.Sch%mache" e,plains" 2In the e,citementover un olding o his scientifc andtechnical power" modern man has built asystem o production that ravishes natureand type o society that mutilates man.

The development o production and theacquisition o wealth have become thehighest goals o the modern world inrelation to which all other goals havecome to take second place3.

The ma# concept o wealth and

growth is e,plained by &ay $o""este" inthe ollowing words2I the developed countries continue

to increase their demand or materialgoods as hither to" li e on earth maycome to a horrible end around EFE"owing to either massive starvation or

atal levels o pollution" or the aGuentcountries are spending themselves todestruction in a mad pursuit o growththat has ceased to have any meaning orthem3.

In an A'en#a of Sc(ence for +nviron/ent and Develop/ent into 21st Centur! " Baurice H. Strong" Secretary

eneral" J)CKD writes &LBankind is inthe process o overwhelming nature. %ndthere is a penalty we must all pay or ourdomination o the natural world upon

which we have always dependedabsolutely... we are orced more and moreto take up the burden o beingresponsible or its survival orever...Instead o being a minor guest at theKarth3s table" the human species is on theway to consuming the whole east and weare in danger o being orced into apartnership with nature to provide the

east orever. $e must not turn the gi t o nature into a Haustian bargain.M

&%st(ce ). Ramas*am( o ourSupreme Court" began his landmark

1udgement /NOOP0 on as*estosis with theollowing words

L*ccupational accidents and diseasesremain the most appalling human tragedyo modern industry and one o its mostserious orms o economic wasteM.

o"+# En,("onment 1 /0 abrochure published by !ok SabhaSecretariat" )ew Delhi" in NOQP" throws

much light on environmental problems. Itsintroductory opening paragraph runs asunder

L*ver the course o ten thousandyears humans have success ully learnedto e,ploit ecological system orsubstance. $hile ecological systems aresupple" they can snap viciously whenbent too ar. The land3s ability to servehuman ends can be markedly andsometimes permanently snapped.#umans out o ignorance" short&sightedness" greed or desperation havepolluted air and water" undermined theproductivity o the land throughaccelerated soil erosion" creeping deserts"increased Rooding and declined soil

ertility. They thus destroy the basis o their own livelihood and they violate thelimits o natural systems. The principalvictims o these trends are the world3spoor" who" in their quest or ood and uel"are o ten" orced by circumstances

beyond their control to serve as theagents o their own undoingM.

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$orldwide environmental issuesmentioned in this brochure areN. Climatic changes.

. 'isks to *(one !ayer.

. %cid 'ain.

. Uollution o $orld3s *ceans.P. Desertifcation.

V. !oss o Tropical Horests.F. Soil !oss" andQ. Depletion o enetic resources.

The present status on these issues inour country is dissatis actory as evident

rom the ollowing report.The State of In#(a3s En,("onment

1 /4-/0 i.e. the Second Citi(en3s 'eportpublished by the Centre or Science WKnvironment" )ew Delhi" describes howour land" water" orests" dams"atmosphere" habitat" people" health"energy and living resources aredeteriorated and what the overall eXectson our national environment are. It saysdue to PE& old increase o mineralproduction in last E years" severalmillion hectares o good crop and orestlands have been destroyed by miningoperations and hundreds o villagesdepopulated. The satellite data confrmsthat India is losing N. million hectare o

orests a year" nearly Q times the annual

rate put out by the orest department.India uses Y N lakh ton o pesticidesannually o which FEZ is banned bywestern countries. % $#* study" whichanalysed ood samples across India"

ound that PEZ were contaminated withpesticide residues and EZ e,ceedingpermissible limits.

Thousands o workers die every yeardue to occ%pat(ona+ #(seases /most o which remain unreported0" the gravestbeing caused by various types o dust

rom slate pencil actories" mines"thermal power stations" ertiliser andpesticide actories" te,tile and sugarmills" asbestos" tobacco W wood actoriesand thousands o to,ic chemicals romvariety o chemical actories.

5Do*n to Ea"th3 "epo"t o NP&NE&NOOV prepared by Carter -rendon andCarston #omen o the $orld -ank saysthat every year our country suXers a losso 's. EEE crores due to loss o

environment which results rom theprocess o industrial growth It clearly

speaks that in ma1or cities o India" theair pollution is much higher than thema,imum permissible level" andsuspended solids in our ma1or cities are to times more than $#* standards. C*"S* " )* [ and #ydrocarbons are killingthousands o people every year. Some

crores man&days are lost every year dueto the eXect o polluted water. The groundwater level is dangerously decreasing.Some E lakhs people get aXected due toair pollution in Delhi alone. Seriousdiseases are constantly increasing andthe health o people is really in dangerdue to such chemical eXects.

56"een-peace Inte"nat(ona+3"epo"t published in 2The Times o India3on NE&N &NOOV says that some threemillion small units throughout Indiacontribute about PZ o industrialpollution. It said that Y PEZ o thechemical storage tanks were ound in badcondition with over VNZ units having noscheduled maintenance system orstorage tanks. %lmost QEZ workers werenot using personal protective equipmentand alarm systems were visible in NQZunits and written procedures were oundin NFZ units only. There was a shortage o qualifed" managerial and supervisory

staX in PZ units surveyed. The reen&peace warned about continuing use o mercury cell method /instead o membrane cell technology madecompulsory since NOQV0 in Chlor&alkaliindustries. Bercury is highly poisonous tohuman nervous system. It also spelledout dangers o e,posure to*rganochlorines" which might lead to

atal deaths and spontaneous abortionsand cancer to industrial workers. %number o synthetic chemicals including*rganochlorines" *rganophosphorous etc.even in the tiniest amount could lead to

all in ertility and changes in se,uality inmales and emales" it added.

At+anta Repo"t Uublished in %tlanta \ournal on NQ&NN&NOO " gives warning withthe signatures o NNFP Scientists /o which NEE are )oble Uri(e $inners0" asunder

Due to the dangerous eXects o en,("onmenta+ po++%t(on " more than

EZ trees and plantation" animals andother living creature will die in near

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uture. I no remedial measure will betaken" ice&mountains at )orth Uole willmelt due to green house eXect" tide willcome in number o seas" more and morecities and villages will Roat in sea waters"lakhs o acres land will sink in water and

ood grains and other commodities will be

carried away by the tide waters" thiswarning will prove true be ore the yearENE" the scientists added.

6+o*(n' 6("+s ] %n oldest reportsays that in Swit(erland girls were doingthe 1obs o painting radium on clock dials.$hile doing so" unknowingly" they were

1ust holding the radium needle betweentheir lips. % ter a long time it wasobserved that their eyes were actuallyglowing during night as radium dial glows.

They were looking fne because o theirshining eyes and they were pre erred ormarriages. Jn ortunately" they began todie prematurely at an early age. %s aresult" the use o radium was prohibitedto paint clock and watch dials.

Repo"t of In#(an Peop+e3sT"(7%na+ submitted to the overnment o

u1arat and UC- is published. Itdiscloses a study o P villages near PVkm long canal carrying polluted water

rom adodara to ^hambhat. It indicates

the increased level o metal deposition onood&grains /crops0 in lakhs o hectares o land in these villages. 'eported metallevels in ood grains are given in Ta7+e1.1

Ta7+e 1.1 8 9eta+ Le,e+ (n $oo# '"a(ns

$oo#-'"a(n

9eta+ :o"ma++e,e+

m'

Inc"ease# +e,e+

m'$heat/N ^g0

#g N.NE . EHe V.FE N. ECd . E N. E)i N.E .NE_n OO. VF.Cr N.NE . ECu FV. E QO.QECa PNNN VENF

Uigeonpeas

/bean00)uver dal

/N ^g0

Ub N. E . E)i N. E VN.PE_n O.OE Q. ECr N. E Q.QECu N.NE .VE

He .QE V.VEBai(e

0 a ai/N ^g0

Cu N.OE NV. ECr N.NE .OE_n NEQ.FE NQ.NE)i .NE V . EUb N. E . ECd .NE Q.OEHe Q. E N.FE

-a1ara/N ^g0

Cu N V. E ECr .E V . E_n V .QE F. E)i N.NE . EUb N. E . ECd . E NE.FEHe .QE P.FE

Such heavy metals enter the bodythrough ood and attack liver" kidney"intestine" bladder" brain and the bloodcirculation. This seems to be the maincause o increasing many diseasesincluding cancer /)ews N &EV& EEE0.

Such open canal should never bepermitted. %nimals can drink such water.Uolluted water must be dischargedthrough a closed pipeline. Harmers shouldbe advised not to use such water. Uenalaction should be taken against the sale o such ood&grains.

It is reported that Bahi and Bini'ivers in u1arat were severely polluted

E years be ore due to EE poisonousactories in adodara area. In NOVO"u1arat overnment had constituted a

committee to inquire into this matter. %sa result PV km pipeline was laid downbetween adodara and ^hambhat.'eports o )KK'I" )agpur and BSJniversity" adodara" both had told thatthe ground water in -a1ava village wasnot remained potable. The same is thecase at many places near the chemical

actories.;St"ess an# po++%t(on "en#e"mo"e men (nfe"t(+e< was the headlineo the Times o India" %hmedabad" o Vth

\une EEE. LIncidence o in ertile malesseeking In& itro Hertili(ation /I H0 theworld over has risen to up to PEZM it wasreported. Bodern li estyle ] over e,posureto heat and pollution" stress" habit" tightclothing" unsa e se," tobacco chewingand in ections ] shown as the mainreasons. /)ews EV&EV& EEE0.

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adodara" -haruch" Surat and apiare named as most polluted areas whereenvironment including water" air" fsh"

ruits and crops is badly damaged. Theolden Corridor has been blackened" it is

added /)ews N&NE& EEE0.E villages on riverbanks in u1arat

drink Ruoride rich salty water and invitemany diseases /)ews V&N &E 0. The water o Aamuna 'iver is so

polluted that it is o no use or anypurpose. The Central Uollution Control-oard has published this act in theirreport /)ews NF& &OF0

rampanchyats in %ndhra Uradeshordered the public to take bath at daysand to wash cloths at NE days" otherwisethere will be a fne 's. PEE /)ews & &E 0.

J)ICKH published a report that i planning or proper preservation o waterwill not be made` people will fght or adrop o water in coming E years. /)ews

O& & EE 0Ueoples Training W 'esearch Centre

and yavsayik Swasthya SurakshaBandal" adodara" has published in %prilNOOO" an appeal letter to celebrate 2 Qth%pril3 as 2The $orld $orkers'emembrance Day3. It quotes some $#*

fgures as under$orldwide N crores accidents occurevery year wherein . E lakhs workersdie. Some NV crores new cases o occupational diseases are being addedevery year E to PEZ o the totalworkers o the world apprehend physical"chemical" biological" ergonomic or mentalha(ards due to work. %bout N lakhchemicals pose serious health ha(ards.Some EE pollutants can cause cancer.Skin" bones" lungs and kidney are themain target organs. EEE allergens cancause skin diseases /dermatitis0" asthmaetc. Kconomic loss due to occupationaldiseases is Y NE to NPZ o the total world

)U. FPZ o these diseases arepreventable" adds the $orld -ank. Indeveloped countries E to PZ and indeveloping countries" only P to NEZworkers get occupational health services.

Cent"a+ La7o%" Sec"eta"y D". L.9(sh"a told on the eve o V th Indian

!abour Con erence that actory occupiersdo not provide sa e and com ortable

atmosphere to the workers and ignoretheir physical and mental well being. #eadded that E crore tones o chemicalsare being manu actured in the world andmore and more are being added to it. *uto one lakh chemicals used in industryand agro sectors" health ha(ards o only

three thousand chemicals are known. PEchemicals are carcinogenic. Contact withsome metals" organic dusts andpesticides is dangerous" he added" andwarned about the to,ic dusts in paper andpulp industry" petroleum refnery andceramic industry" insu cient lighting andventilation" e,haust system andinadequate machine design. #e wasre erring the agenda report prepared bythe Central !abour Binistry or the abovecon erence /)ews N &E & EEE0.

Dan'e"o%s "a#(oact(,e Co7a+t =>? was detected on wristwatches o brand name 2tra y3 and made by Silk timeCompany o #ongkong. %tomic Knergy'egulatory -oard" -ombay and * ce o the Urotection against Ionising 'adiation"Hrance issued warning against the use o this material /)ews NN&N & EEE0.

It is reported that high selling6%t@ha contains Bagnesium carbonateand it is banned or sale at certain public

places. %merican Cancer Society hashighlighted the increased incidence rateo cancer / adenocarceno/a 0 due tosmoking o fltered cigarettes. /)ews F&NN&OF0

Kuropean Jnion announcedprohibition on the products rom animalorganisms causing ma# co* #(sease/)ews F&NN&OF0.

ermany has banned the import o Indian te,tiles containing a!o #yes made

rom chemicals that it suspects arecarcinogenic.

T )ews are constantly warningabout the continuously decreasing levelso water in land and simultaneouslycontinuously increasing population andtheir massive demands. Coal" natural gasand petroleum are also constantlydecreasing. Can it not pose a greatdanger to our lives a ter PE years+

Uetroleum Binister Shri . ^.'amamurty told in 'a1yasabha that our

Crude&oil stock would last or F yearsonly /)ews NO& &OO0.

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Is it not shocking news that inCherapun1i & a place known or thehighest rain all & the water is being sold inbuckets+ $a(+%"e of *ate" p+ann(n' willadd to the health ha(ards.

The Chairman o the $orldCommission or $ater has warned about

the grave misuse o land and watersources. Uolluted rivers spoil the ecosystems and there ore the health andsubsistence o people depending onirrigation" drinking water and industrialuse o water have been seriouslyendangered /)ews E&NN&NOOO0.

2In ne,t two decades" VVZ populationo the world may ace di culty o drinkingwater3 said ^of %anan" the eneralSecretary o the J)* on the eve o & &E the $orld $ater Day. #e stressed onprevention o waste o water and told thatthe clean water is the most essential orhuman e,istence and continuous growth./)ews & &E 0

hopa+ 'as-t"a'e#y o December NOQ " arose out o Bethylisocyanate leak" killed some PEE peopleand le t a ter&eXects on thousands others.*n N&EN&OF an %mmonia tanker leakedon -hopaloshangabad highway andcaused some EE people to be

hospitalised and E acres land and cropbadly aXected. 'eports o anga 'iverpollution are also very bad. It hasreported lethal eXects due to %rsenicpoisoning. Higures o pollution o Sabarmati river in )ov&Dec NOOV revealedthat suspended solids were ound PN toPV V at our points against itspermissible level o NEE. In Delhi FEZ airpollution is due to vehicles" which killdirectly and indirectly some FPEE peopleevery year /)ews" Kditorial" NQ&NE&OV0.

Delhi" Calcutta and -ombay areincluded in the highest polluted NP mega&cities o the world. Delhi is at )o. because o its highest level o suspendedparticulate matter /spm0 in air. During NEyears rom NOFN to NOQN" industriesincreased rom EEEE to NEEE in Delhi/)ews & &OF" the )ational Sa ety Day0.

'eports o spoiling o the historicalmonument TaBmaha+ due to air pollutionhave also been published. Its whitening

process was also started.

$o%"th "epo"t o the u1arat!egislative %ssembly Committee speakso the serious pollution problems due tothe chemical industries in the State.%dverse eXects have been noticed onagriculture" plantation" trees and thepublic health. The committee has urged

the overnment to take drastic steps tocontrol this pollution. /)ews O& &OF0Inte"nat(ona+ Un(on or

Conservation o )ature and )atural'esources" )ational KnvironmentalKngineering 'esearch Jnit and )ationalInstitute o *ceanography have warnedabout the dangers o gigantic oilrefneries to Barine )ational Uark /area

PF km 0 and all living creature in a longsea coast o Saurashtra and massivepollution due to Carbon mono,ide andSulphur dio,ide in that area. /)ews NV& &OF0

%n alarming report has come rom!ondon that the mo"ta+(ty "ate due tocancer is EZ high in children who born inthe vicinity o pollution centres like oilrefneries and cement actories. % studycarried out in Kngland" Scotland and$ales during NOP to NOQE told that themortality rate due to cancer in childrenbelow the age o NP was much more

higher who were born within km. o theroadways and railways emitting vehicularpollution. It is also stated that themortality rate was the hi$hest in childrenwho born within P km. o the plant usingpetroleum uel /)ews N & &OF0.

Ch"ome %+ce" is common with theuse o Chromium and -ichromates. EZworkers were ound with dermatitis andnasal septum per oration i.e. holes innoses /)ews NE&F&OQ0.

6"eenho%se E ect8

%nother report rom $#* has warnedthat the increasing proportion o C* inenvironment will increase diseases likeBalaria" Cholera" Dengue etc. andchildren may die due to such air pollution.Scientists are worried that proportion o C* has been EZ increased during lasttwo centuries. The increasing'"eenho%se e ect increases earth

temperature. It is well known that most o the actories and vehicles continuously

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emit tons o Carbon dio,ide in the air. Thisgreenhouse gas acts as a barrier inatmosphere and stops the reRected heat

rom the earth to go up. There ore thetemperature o the earth increases.*(one depletion also adds to this. $e arecutting the trees" which consume Carbon

dio,ide. The ultimate result is thecontinuous increase o C* inatmosphere" which makes the earth a

urnace It is only the wind /the od&gi t0that dilutes and disperses this eXect.

They apprehend that to degreetemperature rise will kill many birds andanimals like tortoise. $arning is giventhat i China and India will not controltheir greenhouse gases in time" it willcreate serious problems. China hasrecently signed an International treaty toreduce her greenhouse gases. Signatureso PP countries are necessary toimplement this treaty. $ater pollution inIndia has crossed its permissible limits. Inindustrial cities and surrounding villages"the water is not drinkable. Knvironmentalerosion will requently bring scarcity inIndia and %sia" it is seriously warned./)ews NV& &OF0

UTI )ews rom )ew Delhi publishedthat in -angalore city /known as Silicon

alley o India0" quality o 5semen3 isbeing deteriorated due to air pollution. Itis warned by the 'eproductive #ealth W'esearch Centre o -angalore that thequantity generation rate and defciency o spermato(oa in male semen have beenchanged during last fve years and themale ertility /reproductive healthparameters0 is decreased due to pollutedenvironment /)ews &V&OF0.

Scan#(na,(an Resea"ch Repo"twas also published on N&P&O to open oureyes. It covers studies in E westerncountries and states that during lastdecades" noticeable decrease in 2 sper/count 3 is reported. Comparing with a mano NO E" the present man produces onlyPEZ sperm In Kngland out o E couples"one couple has no potency to get child.

This was due to the eXect o pesticides onood.

Director o Science and Knvironment"Dr. %nil %grawal" said that the 2sperm

count3 o Indian males has beendecreasing. % study report o males living

in a polluted area in Bumbai" it was oundthat less than EZ o males wereshowing normal quality o their sperm.K,cessive pollutants in that area were!ead" Sulphur dio,ide and suspendedparticles in air. Chemical pollution causescancer" heart troubles and hormones

irregularities. /)ews N &F&OQ0*verseas Development%dministration /*D%0 o Kngland haswarned that the a(" po++%t(on has notonly aXected the human population" but ithas reduced the productivity o somecrops to EZ. Uollutants like S* W )*have adversely aXected crop o wheat"rice" soyabean" groundnut" cotton andmango and it reduces health ul elementsand tissues o leaves etc. %nother reporto $$H&India states that these pollutantsmake the crops more sensitive topesticides and diseases. /)ews O&V&OF0

In JS% the total S* release is nearlyO , NEF tons in a year. )* , is believed tobe involved in global warming. C*emission in air is some P billion tonnesper year. Karth temperature will beincreased gradually. Carbon particles insoot" smoke etc. rom combustionprocesses are undesirable. Hly ashgenerated rom the combustion o

pulverised uel pose serious pollutionproblems.% report o the Central Uollution

Control -oard says that the vehicles inIndia emit some NQ tonnes gases perday. These gases include C*" )* , andhydrocarbons" and constantly aXect ourhealth /)ews O&V&OF0. Today some .Fmillion vehicles emit C* in air /)ews N &O&OF0.

Hive young boys o N to NQ years"died at a time when they were sleeping intheir house a ter orgetting to stop aportable power generator" which wasused to see T in absence o powersupply. It is reported that doors andwindows o the room were closed. $hatcould be the cause o their death duringmidnight+ Certainly the to,ic gasgenerated rom the uel e,haust andcontaining C*" )*," other hydrocarbonsand o,ygen defciency /)ews V&Q&OF0.

In a seminar organised by the

Institute o Kngineers /India0 at%hmedabad on the sub1ect o 2Jrban

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!andscape and ardening3" it washighlighted by the environmentalengineers that in %hmedabad city onlythe motor vehicles emit daily some Etonnes Carbon mono,ide" E tonnes#ydrocarbons and O tonnes )itrogeno,ides. It was pointed out that the main

air&pollutant in our country is Sulphurdio,ide" which is mostly generated byindustries. It was suggested or fghtingthese ha(ards and keeping theenvironment clean" to plant and nourishas many trees as possible. It was saidthat tree plantation in PEE m areareduces FEZ pollution. *ne 5eepal tree/which we consider holy0 throws NFEE ^g*,ygen in air in one hour and eats EE^g Carbon dio,ide as its ood The naturalpollution control device /)ews &Q&OF0

Ueople have cut so many trees that itis apprehended that in the Nst centurywe shall have to ace the %cid rain.

*ne higher o cial o the CentralKnvironment and Horest Department anda member o the Central Crisis roupvisited the #UC! refnery to investigateheavy fre incident o N &O&OF" toldnewsmen that there are N P ma1oraccident ha(ard actories in India" o which EE are in u1arat. The department

has prepared state&wise lists andidentifed other N FE ha(ardousindustries also. )ear Delhi there are " inBaharashtra FQ and in -ihar there areQ ma1or ha(ard installations that cancause great damage. The units storingpetrol" !U " ammonia" chlorine" nitratesetc. in bulk quantity" can be proved themost disastrous. plants o #UC! cancause emergency at any time. Such unitsare told to submit safety "epo"ts an#eme"'ency act(on p+ans /)ews O&O&OF0.

The u1arat #igh Court ordered toreduce PEZ production o F polluting

actories at api /)ews E&NE&OF0. TheSupreme Court ordered to close as manyas NVQ industries in Delhi. %bout PEEEworkers became 1obless and no salariesand compensation were paid to them.Hive ma1or trade unions madedemonstration saying LSC rulings haveput us on starvation. %rticle N o 2 Ri$ht

to people 3 was interpreted in avour o public but not in avour o workers./)ews

NE&N&OQ0. It is thehea+th ha!a"# of po++%t(on only that invites such cry"closure or reduction in production andemployment. This sequence maycontinue till adequate sa ety measuresresult in prevention o pollution.

In the State level meeting o UC- at

andhinagar" it was reported that someOEEE chemical units out o total EEEEunits in the State" pose great danger tohuman health due to air and waterpollution. VF closed units due to #ighCourt3s order were allowed to restart a terconstructing the eGuent treatment plants/)ews NP&NE&OO0.

CA6 Repo"t /Comptroller and %uditoreneral0 as on N& & EEN o ovt. o u1arat published an audit report. % ew

sa+(ent po(nts are as underN. 's. . Q crores given to UC- to

adopt clean technology during NOO &OO was not all utili(ed

. There was no coordination o UC-with other Departments to stop waterpollution.

. )o sample rom any Sewage Treatment Ulants o fve BunicipalCorporations was meeting thestandard.

. Two ma1or sewage treatment plants o

%hmedabad Bunicipal Corporationwere illegally discharging eGuentwithout treatment

P. Q out i NNE local Uanchayats havenot gutter system.

V. *bservations regarding commoneGuent treatment plant /CKTU0 inindustrial areas are also not good.K,pected treatments were not givenby the member industries be oresending eGuent to the CKTU.Discharge o CKTU was also notmeeting the standards. *ne CKTU at

api was directly discharging theeGuent /without treatment0 intoDamanganga 'iver Bany fshes weredied due to this. *nly a notice wasissued by UC- in this regard.

F. illages containing high Ruorides inwater were increased rom QE toN E rom the year NOOF&OQ to NOOO&

EEE. illages containing TDS /TotalDissolved Solids0 in water were also

increased rom PVF to OVE during this

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period. Bore than NEE villages werehaving e,cess nitrate in water.

Such reports are available or alldepartments and or all years $homakes use o it and who tries to improvethe condition is a big question. Is it not a

problem o sa ety+ Intention o citing suchalarming reports is to awake andimplement the concept o sa ety.

-ecause o gases coming rom apiIDC estate" the monsoon rice crop at

^arvad village was greatly damaged.-ecause o water pollution in Sabarmati'iver" thousands o fshes were ounddead /)ews V&Q&OQ0.

The p"o7+em of so+(# *astedisposal is also not solved. Throwing it inriver or sea can kill fshes and other livingcreatures. The )ational Ulastic $asteBanagement $orking roup hasrecommended prohibition on recycling o dirty plastic waste as it containsimpurities /)ews N &NE&OF0.

Dan'e"s of Pest(c(#es8

% ter dumping an average o PEEEEtonnes o pest(c(#es annually in the past

E years to improve our agricultural

yields" the land is so poisoned with -#Cand DDT that" even i spraying werestopped" the chemicals will linger on orPE years more The studies have shownthat high percentages o these pesticidesare being ound in cow3s milk. )ow we willhave to turn towards eco& riendly bio&pesticides or at least degradable ones.

%hmedabad Consumers Kducation W'esearch Centre collected /in the year

EEE0 rom diXerent parts o the countryN samples o Rour being sold by big&named companies. %ll the samples oundcontaining DDT %gricultural use o DDTas pesticide is banned or more than Nyears. Kven then DDT" %ldrin and Dieldrinhave been repeatedly ound in thesamples o Rour" eggs" milk" butter" ghee"pulses" fsh and vegetable oils.Contaminated ood by such pesticides"a ter entering the human body" increasespossibility o many diseases.

Samples o mothers3 milk have shown

the DDT content si, times more than thema,imum residual limit /B'!0. Such a

heavy overdose stops the child growth. %study conducted by Indian Council or%gricultural 'esearch showed traces o DDT and %ldrin in PFZ o vegetables.Kven strain /grass0 or animals was alsocontaining pesticides. %s per the report o 2To,ic !ink3" about N F types o pesticides

are manu actured in India o whichovernment has prescribed B'! or PEpesticides only. $e do not know B'! o other NEE pesticides

International Development 'esearchCentre o Canada says that about NE"EEEpeople die every year and about lakhpeople suXer adverse health eXects" dueto pesticides poisoning.

Study reports state that eXects o pesticides and preservatives or our ood"

ruits" milk and vegetables are dangerousto our health.

In China only in NOOP" in F States"Q FF cases o pesticide poisoning were

reported" o which E were atal FPEEcases were due to Uarathion andBithamedophos. Hood and %griculture*rganisation /H%*0 and Jnited )ationsKnvironment Urogramme /J)KU0 declaredadditional fve *rganophosphates/Bithamedophos" Bethyl parathion"Bonochrotophos" Uarathion and

Uhosphamedon0 the most poisonous" andimposed ban to e,port them without theconsent o an importing country. Totalthere are" so ar O such chemicalshaving lethal eXects. The world market o pesticides was o 'upees thirty thousandmillion dollars in NOOV and is rapidlygrowing /)ews P&O&OF0. Is it not astruggle o wealth /so many milliondollars0 verses health /more than themere cost o so many lives0+

% young daughter /%ge NP0 and hermother both died when they tookA+%m(n(%m phosph(#e tablets orsuicide. This pesticide tablet when mi,edwith body&Ruid generates phosphine /U# 0gas" which kills a person /)ews Q&NE&OO0.

%t a time F peacocks and many otherbirds died in 'undel village near -orsad"on &N &OF" due to pesticide poisoning ina arm. /)ews &N &OF0.

Scientists o :at(ona+ Inst(t%te of :%t"(t(on #yderabad warned about

%luminium poisoning and eXect on C)Sand brain due to e,cessive use o acidic

9


10/35

ood prepared in aluminium vessels/)ews V&O&OQ0.

PEEEE doves trapped in paralysis andshowed symptoms o pocks" tumour andcancer in Bumbai due to contaminated

6a ar given to them /)ews &N&OQ0.2In India where QEZ people depend

on agriculture" more than EZ males maylose their potency to become athers in acoming decade3" says a young researchbiologist Shri )imish - yas at%hmedabad while talking on eXect o e,cess to,icity in pesticides andinsecticides. 2In %merica and Kuropevoluntary organisations are warningpeople about this3 he adds. In India alsosuch awareness is timely required /)ews

&V&OQ0.

A#%+te"at(on8

%dulteration o oil o *rgamonBe,ican /an %merican plant0 in edible oilshospitalised thousands o people andcaused disease known as D"opsy . Itattacks liver" kidney" heart and ratina/)ews NN&O&OQ0.

Bi,ing o Ualmolive in groundnut oil isvery common.

Bore than EEEE adulterated ood

products have been reported and manymore are being added daily. Some Eyears be ore one science maga(ineLancet had warned that every person in

reat -ritain was adding an average lbspoison in his stomach. -ecause o moreadulteration in our country" this fgurecould be E lbs nowadays. % list o someadulterated substances is given in Ta7+e1.2

Ta7+e 1.2 8 A#%+te"at(on of

S%7stances

S%7stance A#%+te"at(on

Hea+the e

ct'ape seedoil

*rgamonBe,ican

#eart Weye

Kdible oil $hite oil Cancer Turmeric !ead

chromateUaralysis

$ine Bethanol -lindness%pple Wother ruits

!eadarsenate"

Uaralysis"blindness"

!eadchromate

anaemia

Tinned ood Cadmium Hoodpoisoning

Beats Wvegetables

Celuro1ela &do&

Hish Hormaldehyd

e

&do&

Tea" water Wtoothpaste

Hluorides"-one powder

Teeth Wbones

-read Huseriumpreminehumro(ium

Hoodpoisoning

Uolishedrice Wpulses

%sbestos Cancer

Ice&cream WSweets

Sodiumcarbo,ylmethyl

cellulose"Betanylyellow"'hodamene-" *range .

Cancer

Capsicum"Con ectionary W Ice&cream

Uolish" )on&ediblecolours

In1ury tostomach

Hlour Sand W dust Tea Colour W iron

powder

Bilk W Bilkproducts StarchUure ghee egetable

gheeChinese

oodBonosodiumglemate

Chocolates anillin WUropyleneglycol

\aggery"Bushroom

_incsulphide"-leachingpowderIn bulk capsicum powder e,ported by

-ombay Berchants" a carcinogenicsubstance 2Sudan red&N3 was mi,ed.Spices -oard o India prohibited suche,port.

%s per one report o Indian Council o %gricultural 'esearch" VEZ ood grainscontain pesticides. In most o thesamples" level o pesticides was ound Ntimes more than the ma,imum tolerancelimit /BT!0.

10


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Thus the adverse health eXects dueto ood adulteration are very serious/)ews NN&O&OQ0.

-ecause o adulteration in seeds orsowing" armers suXer loss every year.

The crop becomes poisoned because o pesticides and pollution. % mi,ture o

earth and cadmium is sold as Uhosphaticertili(er" blue ink as pesticide and chalkas DDT. Bethyl parathion is sprayed oncauliRower to make it whiter and greenvegetables /e.g. lady3s fnger0 are dippedin copper sulphate to make them greener.Samples o mothers3 milk have showne,cess DDT /NF.NQ ppm0 and DDH / V.VVppm0. This can be a cause o mother3scancer. Uoisonous chemicals in deadfshes were ound EEE times more thantheir sa e limits il sold in 7ttar 5radesh as found s!nthetic i.e. /ade of caustic soda8 urea and soap solution9%merican Soyabean is made by atechnique o genetic engineering. types o diseased bacteria were ound inNE lakh tonnes wheat imported rom%ustralia. % vital cause o disease likecancer" heart attack" blood pressure"blindness" in ertility etc. is such criminaladulteration /)ews NV&NE&OQ0.

N types o ood grains and other

eatables being sold in u1arat weretested in laboratory and the results are asunder

F Z o dairy product samples wereound poisonous" PE to VEZ samples o

grains and pulses" Z samples o wheatRour and OE to NEEZ samples o vegetables were ound containing DDTand -#C. The contents ound are given inTa7+e 1.

Ta7+e 1. 8 DDT HC (n $oo# '"a(ns

Samp+eof

DDT ppmSafe +(m(t

?.0 to 0.?ppm

HC ppmSafe +(m(t

?.?1 to 2.?ppm

$heat P.NP NQ.EF Tuver dal F.FP P.QV

'ice F.QE .Qroundnu

tF. .N

-utter V.NP .VCheese N.E E.QQ

hee .E N.

DDT destructs body resistance andC)S and increases cancer possibility. -#Cdamages liver" kidney" embryo"generative organs" body resistance andalso responsible or cancer. Jse o these

two pesticides needs completeprohibition. /)ews F&V& EEN0.% report o a committee constituted

by the Delhi Court says" 2*,ytocin" ahormone being given to cows and she&buXaloes to get more milk" is a slowpoison and brings kidney and livertrouble3 /)ews N &O&OO0.

2 reen odder ] :u ar8 a ai8 ;a6ari8Ra6 o etc. ] contains poison3" the %nimal#usbandry Directorate o u1arat Statewarned it and precautionary measureswere suggested or the armers. Jnripe"so t 6u ar emits #ydrocyanic acid" urea

ertili(er generates )itrate" green Ra6 ogives 2Seyoniue3" Subabul leaves produce2mymocine3 and all pesticides in greengrass" odder or vegetables can generate2poisons3 and kill animals when they eatit. There ore it is not advisable to givegreen so t odder" leaves" vegetables etc.to animals and to give immediate watera ter such ood3 /)ews NN&N & EEE0.

During summer when demand or ice&cream" ul and cold&drink increases" itwas ound that white poster colour andsafedo /white powder0 were added in themanu acture o ice&cream" kulf andcream&candy and saccharine was addedin cold&drinks and in ice&candy. % terdetecting such adulteration" #ealth* cers o !ucknow said that postercolour and safedo add lead in the bodyand its delayed eXect is damage to brainand its control activities and the delayedeXect o saccharine is a cancer /)ews &V&OO0.

%dulteration o urea in milk tomaintain at level" mi,ing o talc chalk/Bagnesium silicate0 in Rour and spices"orgamon in mustard oil" starch in sweet"old /renseed0 oil in new oil" mineral oil inedible oil" vegetable oil or boiled potato inghee or butter" molasses /sugar waste0 inhoney" chalk in salt and sugar are somepublished reports.

Ca#m(%m used in cigarettes" someantiseptic medicine" colours" chemicals

11


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etc. cause hypertension. %luminium usedin antacid drug to cure acidity causesmental eXects. !ead and mercury areother metals" which damage brain andkidney.

It is very surprising that one o thereasons o fa++ of Roman Emp("e is said

to be lead poisoning 'omans werefltering wine in lead lined vessels andbecause o drinking o such 2leaded wine3they had mental eXects" which resultedinto their de eat.

2#ealth o FEZ o our a'"(c%+t%"a++a7o%" is not good3 says the India Councilo Bedical 'esearch. Its survey statesthat this health eXect is due to pesticides"tobacco dust and genetic diseases likeleptosprirasis due to contact with animals/)ews &NN&OF0.

ate" Po++%t(on 8

The water that we drink everyday is 70% polluted! ut o 3119 "ities o the "ountry# only219 have water iltration plants! $nd that too"overs only 33% o the "ity population This&assive water pollution is a very serious &atter'n 'ndia# a(out two third diseases like# typhoid#"holera# )aundi"e and diarrhoea spread due towater *any su"h diseases have ull potential to

(e epide&i" +,ews 12-10-97.$ater Supply -oard o u1arat haspublished some fgures o adverse healtheXects. These are given in Ta7+e 1.4

Ta7+e 1.4 8 A#,e"se Hea+th E ect of Po++%te#

ate" Fea" :o. of peop+e a#,e"se+y

a ecte# 7y #"(n@(n' of po++%te# *ate"

NOOF EEEEEE VEEEEEN PEEEE

/)ewsF&P& EE 0

:e* Fo"@ T(mes published a reportthat lakhs o people in India and-angladesh drink water mi,ed withUotassium cyanide rom water wells. *nlyin $est -engal VE lakhs people drink suchwater" out o which some lakhs haveshown symptoms o cyan(#e po(son(n'on their bodies. Uotassium cyanide can

cause cancer. Shri ^. \. )ath o %ll IndiaInstitute o #ygiene W Uublic #ealth hasalso warned about this problem /)ews N &NN&OQ0.

Chenna( Hea+th La7o"ato"y testedNON mineral water bottle samples and

ound bacteria in samples In samples

o so t cold drinks also" bacteria ande,cessive saccharine were ound.*rdinary tap water is sold in brand namedbottles at the price o 's. N /a price o Nlit milk0 per bottle This may causetyphoid and other diseases /)ews O&NE&OQ0.

NV rivers and NQ lakes in u1arat havebeen polluted. The Central UollutionControl -oard has identifed the mostpolluted E rivers in the country.Uroportions o p#" dissolved o,ygen anddissolved chemicals /-*D W C*D0 are notsa e /)ews &V&OQ0.

D". 96) 9enan Comm(tteeConstituted by the ovt. o India underthe directive o the Supreme Court hasadded one more warning. It has publishedthat FEZ water resources o so&called6o+#en Co""(#o" /Industrial beltbetween atva to api o u1arat0 havebeen polluted" people have contracteddiseases due to pollution and a great

scarcity is caused o drinking water andwater or irrigation. It has also reportedthat at E places in u1arat" ha(ardouswaste is dumped illegally and no action istaken by UC- /)ews & & EEN0.

% report o pollution eXects due tochem(ca+ facto"(es rom %tul to api ispublished in a )ewspaper o NQ&NE&OQ. Itstates that production o Hafus mangoeshas been decreased ten times in village#aria and water in wells have becomecoloured. $hen water is flled in a glass" athin layer o deposits is visible on innersur ace o the glass. 'ed water is thrownin


13/35

villagers" some E to PE people havebeen died because o cancer during last Pto F years. Uoison through fshes alsoaXects.

;ill hadi near api is ull o dirtywater. Solid and thick oily waste is thrownhere and there on the bank. Thick yellow

liquid is drained in Damanganga 'iver.Crop in many villages is destroyed.-ecause o og in polluted air" it becomesdi cult to see even at a PE eet distance.-ecause o the worst pollution o water"the surrounding villages have beendeclared as no so%"ce ,(++a'es.Coloured water comes rom hand pumps.Solid waste is brought and thrown nearhouses during night times. Somescattered public agitations are going onbut are ineXective.

%nother report o *ate" po++%t(on isalso published on O&N & EEE. It statesthat water in talu as o u1arat hasbecome heav! because o Sodium" Ironand Calcium ions. !ess Dissolved *,ygen/D*0 and high C*D" Cadmium" TDS"Bercury" Hluoride" Banganese" Chromiumand heavy metals have been ound inwater in these talukas. %bout NEZ area o the State has been polluted and hascreated threats to the p%7+(c hea+th . The

olden Corridor has become the -lackCorridor.A+an' sh(pya"# has heavily polluted

the coast o -havnagar district in u1arat.During last two decades" thousands o tons o oil and chemicals have beenthrown into the sea while breaking theships. *ne drop o oil kills all aquatic lives

rom P litres o water. Barine tortoise"mangroves and aquatic animals are beingdied day by day due to this coasta+po++%t(on /)ews &N& EEN0.

ut o 19111 villa/es o u)arat tate# inlandwater o 1048 villa/es has (e"o&e salty andthere ore not drinka(le 2826 villa/es have

luoride &i ed water u"h salts dissolved indrinkin/ water "ause da&a/e to kidney# (ones#teeth and (lood "onstitution alty water (e"o&esheavy and not use ul or washin/ "lothes and or a/ri"ultural purpose +,ews 5-7-2001.

A(" Po++%t(on8

LThroughout the day the chimneyspews coal dust. $e can eel it in the airM

said a rickshaw driver and the worstaXected people living within a kilometreo one 'ayon actory at eraval"Saurashtra. % -BS union leader alsocomplained o continuous air pollution.

The company authorities deny and putorward the industrial sa ety and pollution

control awards won by the actory'esidents o E housing colonies on theQE eet road are badly aXected /)ews &NE&OF0. The similar problem o coal dust insurrounding area was also continued inthe vicinity o a te,tile mill at )avsari.*ur intention is not to criticise anybodybut to highlight the struggle o health v=s

ealth and to draw attention to protectthe health.

% survey carried out by the Cent"a+Po++%t(on Cont"o+ oa"# has reportedsome fgures o air pollution in tons day infve ma1or cities Delhi NE V. E" BumbaiVPO.PF" -angalore E . F" Calcutta

O .FE and %hmedabad O .F . Uolicepersonnel working on roads have NE to

PZ more diseases o lungs. !ead umesrom vehicle&e,hausts directly enter into

lungs and cause T-" asthma and otherlung&diseases. Jnleaded petrol isrecommended but ben(ene content in itcan cause cancer and skin diseases To

reduce its eXects catalytic converter issuggested. Despite o en orcement o allpollution control rules" the developedcountries emit every year NPE lakhs tonCarbon mono,ide" NE lakhs ton )itrogeno,ide" NP lakhs ton #ydrocarbons andmillions o tons o Carbon dio,ide in air.Some FEZ o air pollution in the world isin the developed countries. Some QEZ o the cancer&patients in the world are dueto the polluted atmosphere /)ews P&NN&OF0

In China" lakhs people died duringNOO to NOOV and in India" P EEE peopledied in NOOQ&OO due to air pollution. Inblood samples o NEEZ children inShanghai and V Z children in Delhi" Lea#content was ound e,cessive. DuringNOPE to NOOO" EE thousand milliontonnes Carbon has been added on theearth. During last century the globaltemperature is increased N .PF E H /)ewsO&O&OO0.

-ecause o the fnancial loss due toin1uries" deaths and degradation o

13


14/35

resources caused by pollution" India losesevery year some QEEEE million dollars"says the o"+# an@ . -ecause o increasing industrial and urban pollution"e,cessive land use in villages" destructiono orests and tremendous use o waterresources" this situation increases. In

South %sia main environmental problemsare deteriorating quality and scarcity o water" air pollution and poor watermanagement /)ews O&NE&OQ0.

old and Silver refnery urnaces in%hmedabad were reported causing heavyair pollution. $elding metal Cad/iu/causes kidney damage and high bloodpressure. )I*# is given a 1ob to conductsurvey or health eXects /)ews O&NE&OQ0.

The dangerous health eXect o airpollution is again reported. %merican !ung%ssociation reports PEEE deaths everyyear due to asthma . During last NPyears" VNZ increase is noticed in asthma&patients. *ut o NPE lakhs asthma&patients in JS%" PE lakhs are children.

They have to carry an (nha+e" p%mpdaily in their schoolbag to use it by mouthwhen asthma attacks. %merican !ung%ssociation published a 2Hamily uide to%sthma and %llergies3 and highlighted thisincreasing disease o the modern world.

In near uture the asthma may overtakethe spread o cancer and %IDS i the dustand air pollution are not controlled /)ewsarticle P&NN&OF0.

The Social In rastructureDevelopment -oard o u1arat haspublished that the UC- has been ailedto control the industrial pollution" most o the cities in the State are covered by thee,cessive emission o S* and its NEE toPEE µ g detected level /against VE µ gpermissible level0 makes the cities 5'ascham7e"s3 and invites many diseases o eyes" throat" skin" fngers" heart"breathing" blood circulation and cancer/)ews V&N& EEN0.

Daily we inhale some N kg air" whichcontains some V kg to,ic gases like C* "S* " %mmonia" !ead" hydrocarbons etc. In

u1arat complaints o a++e"'(c co%'hhave been increased E to PZ. #ealtheXect o polluted air is equivalent tosmoking o average E cigarettes per day.

*ne o the reasons o decreasing sleep in

industrial cities is also the polluted air. InDelhi a trader has started a business o providing clean air at the rate o 's. NQEper hour /)ews NF& &OO0

cities o India are e,ceeding a("po++%t(on levels and every year some

EEEE people die due to environmental

pollution. Kvery year 's. PPE crores arewasted in medical treatment o pollutionsickness. Thus says the HO "epo"t .Suspended particulate matters /spm0 are

times more than the $#* limit.ehicular air pollution in Delhi" Calcutta

and Bumbai are VPZ" P Z and EZrespectively. ehicles emit )* , " S* "hydrocarbons" lead etc. Due to inhalationo these poisonous gases people dieearlier. Diesel e,haust is most dangerous.It harms NE times more than the leadedpetrol. It can cause direct 7+oo# cance" .Jnleaded petrol in India containsben(ene" which can cause lung and bloodcancer. !ead in petrol causes braindamage in children. There ore use o leaded petrol is prohibited in %merica"

\apan" Canada" %ustria" Sweden" -ra(il"Columbia and South ^orea. Urocess o removing lead rom petrol is cheap. StillOEZ vehicles in India run by leadedpetrol. In u1arat" solvent and kerosene

are mi,ed with petrol. %re these petrolpumps not the @(++(n' cent"esG /)ewsNQ&N &OF0

-ecause o many complaints o kerosene mi,ing in auto&rickshaw" the%DC and also DS* raided at night and

ound sale o kerosene to rickshaw&driversin Surat. Some EE litres o ree salekerosene was sei(ed. %t our petrolpumps" samples o petrol and diesel were

ound adulterated. Such is the conditiono vehicular pollution in many cities in ourcountry /)ews &NN&OQ0.

During NOQE to NOOE" loss due topollution was 's.N N OQ crores" ascalculated by the )ational KnvironmentalKngineering 'esearch Institute" )agpur.!osses due to cutting o orests and airand water pollutions are day&to&dayincreasing /)ews N&P&OQ0.

D". Rashm( 9ay%" " an advisor o Un(te# :at(ons En,("onmentP"o'"amme warned at %hmedabad on P&

V&OQ /$orld Knvironment Day0 about thedamage being done to the orests and

14


15/35

orest products" wildli e" rivers" seas" landand all natural products.

#e told that PEZ land and FEZ waterin u1arat have been polluted. Bost o theland in ^heda District has become salty.%hmedabad has been declared the mostpolluted city by the Sulphur dio,ide.

%bout PEEkm orest area was lost 1ust inlast one year in India I environmentalbalance will not be maintained" skincancer may increase at the annual rate o PZ. Instead o depending on the

overnment" people should make themovement. Banpower and awarenessshould be created /)ews V&V&OQ0.

During last NE years" ,eh(c+es havebeen times increased in India. In NOQV"there were N.N crore vehicles registered.

This fgure rose to crore in NOOP. *ut o this" PZ vehicles are in mega cities.Baharashtra and u1arat are at the topwith V lakhs and E. lakhs vehicles.Ulanning and Urogramme ImplementingBinistry has warned that thetremendously increasing use o vehicles ispolluting the environment by to,ic gaseslike C*" C* " S* " and hydrocarbons/)ews N&N&OQ0.

%s per report there was an addition o Y V lakhs vehicles during NOOE to NOOO in

%hmedabad city only reaching a toll o Ytotal NN lakhs registered vehicles in thecity. *ut o Y PEEEE auto&rickshaws" FEZauto&rickshaws add to litre kerosenedaily. UJC machines or checking uels donot check -en(ene" Sulphur and !eadcontents" which are the main pollutants

These three contents must be decreasedrom petrol and diesel /)ews Q&NN&NOOO0.

Coal bed methane /C-B0 can be usedas a new uel in the ne,t century toreduce ,eh(c%+a" po++%t(on . It issuccess ully used as a commercial uel inJS%" ermany" Hrance" Uoland and C(ech'epublic /)ews &N &NOOO0.

Two persons died in a bathroom at%hmedabad due to the use o 'as-'eyse" . *,ygen defciency due to !Uburning and C* generation by incompletecombustion due to less availability o o,ygen in a confned room can be proved

atal in this way. *ther persons werealso died in the similar situation during

last one year /)ews NO&N &NOOO0.

To7acco Po(son(n'8

HO "epo"t says .Q lakhs peopledied in India and O.N lakhs people died inChina during NOOQ due to to7accoeat(n' an# smo@(n' . -y the year E E"some N crore people in the world would

die due to the use o tobacco Hemaleproportion is day&by&day increasing in thisregard /)ews N&P&OO0.

%nother report o $#* says that bythe year E E" death toll due to tobaccomay reach up to NE lakhs per year in theworld.

India produces . E crore kg tobaccosevery year" o which QEZ is consumed inthe country. In other words" about crores people smoke chew tobacco inone or the other orm in our country. InIndia about N.OE lakhs tobacco cancerpatients are added every year 'ate o heart attack is also more in tobaccousers. Indirect smoking is alsodangerous. Bany poisonous gases areevolved while smoking o tobacco.K,posure to tobacco smoke causesasthma and lung cancer. Nst Bay iscelebrated as To7acco Oppos(t(on Dayin the world. %wareness against tobaccopoisoning is most necessary. /)ews N&P&

EEN0% $ashington 'eport warns aboutanother danger o tobacco smoking. %study report o VE smokers is publishedby %merican Scientists. It reveals that i aperson having high blood pressuresmokes" chances o his being (mpotentincrease F times )ot only that" butpossibility o being impotent is NN timesmore in those who have le t smokingcomparing them with those who do notsmoke.

ne "rore $&eri"ans and one lakh ritish o a/e /roup 30 to 40 have (e"o&e i&potent due tothe adverse health e e"t o to(a""o s&okin/+,ews 31-5-2001.

%n Knvironmental %ssessmentDivision o ha7ha Atom(c Resea"chCent"e " Bumbai conducted study o QNemployees who died due to cancer andwho served rom NOFN to NOO with theirage&range o E to PO years. Dr. ^.S. .)ambi and A.S. Baria in 2Indian \ournal o

Cancer3 published this study report withthe conclusion that an incidence o cancer

15


16/35

was certainly higher in employeesworking in atom(c "a#(at(on (one thanthose working in non&radiation (one. TheeXect o radiation was responsible orhigher incidence rate o cancer /)ews P&N &OF0.

Hi ty percent o the -"ay mach(nes

o our country are unsa e and may causecancer. #igher doses o [&rays can causedeath or cancer as a delayed eXect. Thussaid the %tomic Knergy 'egulatory -oardand the Council o Scientifc W Industrial'esearch based on their survey started inNOO /)ews NF&N &OO0.

$arnings have been issued tocontinue very old atom(c po*e"stat(ons . *ut o some EE atomic powerstations in the world" NFE are P years oldand VE are E years old. 'adioactivewastes thrown by Tokyo KlectricCorporation killed lakhs o aquaticanimals in the sea. Bessage o Chernabilaccident in NOQV in 'ussia is eye opening.Stringent sa ety rules" sa e disposal o atomic wastes and emergency planningmust be strictly ollowed.

Cleaning o chemical drums" plasticbags etc. in any drinking water sourcemust be prohibited and strictly punished.Increasing plastic waste is creating public

nuisance also.Br. .'.Singh" the #ead o Instrumentation and -iomedicalJltrasonic Department" )ational Uhysical!aboratory" )ew Delhi" warned about theha!a"#s of %+t"aso%n# #e,(ces beingused in hospitals and nursing homes. #etold that such machines would in1ure thehealth o both" the operator and thepatients. Sound waves above thepermissible requency cause damage/)ews V& &OQ0.

Horests are being cut heavily and atthe astest rate. Some V billion hectares

orests and 1ungles have been reduced to. billion in the last century. This is the

removal o environmental protection andinvitation to new ha(ards. -ut thegreatest ha(ard o ha(ards is thePop%+at(on E p+os(onJ Kvery minute Pbabies are added in India /like addition o %ustralia population at every eightmonths0. )o acilities will be su cient to

serve this ever&increasing population. Thiswill certainly create many problems o

health and sa ety also /)ews NO& &OQ0.India will become the h('hest pop%+o%sco%nt"y in the world by EPE /)ews &

&OO0.% report o a scientists3 committee o

Kuropean countries has warned aboutto,ic eXects o p+ast(c toys or children.

Bost o the toys are made rom plasticwaste or poor quality colours andchemicals. Chemicals used to make toysso t and attractive to put into mouth aredangerous. In JS%" Hoods and DrugsDepartment has made rules or sa emanu acture o plastic toys /)ews P&NE&OQ0.

% common solid waste & po+ythene7a's & has caused ear on animal lives.Cows and other animals eat these plasticbags /waste0 thrown here and there. Theyalso cause problems when choked inpipelines. There ore the 'otary Club o

andhidham raised a move to motivatepeople to use paper bags instead o polythene bags /)ews Q&NE&OQ0. Jse o thin plastic bags / E microns0 has beenprohibited under 'ecycled UlasticBanu acture and Jsage 'ules NOOO.

2Lea# po(son(n' is increasing in theblood o our children3 alarming newscame rom a survey carried out o some

EEE samples by the eorgeHoundation. Children below N years arebadly aXected in our ma1or cities becauseo the pet"o+ po++%t(on rom thousandso vehicles. In Z children lead level inblood has crossed the international level.It reduces the child I by VZ.Knvironmental protection is highly needed

or Indian children /)ews NV& &OO0.% study "epo"t of :IOH /)ational

Institute o *ccupational #ealth0"%hmedabd has rea rmed this act andstated that due to high lead content inblood" children3s I can be decreased anddue to adverse eXects on pregnantwomen" intelligence o uture babieswould also decrease /)ews NN&N& EEE0.

Ha!a"#s of mo#e"n +(,(n'8

S(c@ 7%(+#(n' syn#"ome due tointernal pollution generated by noise romwater or air cooler" air&conditioner"

generator" printer etc. in homes or o cescauses breathing trouble" dea ness"

16


17/35

sleeplessness" tiredness" headache" eyeburning etc. Chemical rays rom paint"varnish" nail polish" boot polish" mosquitoliquid gas pesticide and Carbon mono,ide

rom uel burning cause lung diseases.!ong working on computer causeseyestrain" which needs antiglare screen.

'ooms having gas&stove" kerosene stove"urnace" electric heater must havee,haust an or su cient windowsotherwise uel gas causes cough etc. %ir

resher" deodorant" hairspray" varnish"polish" wood&binder /resin0 etc. spreadirritant gases in air.

Jse o cosmet(cs is day by dayincreasing with an increase o beauty&parlours and otherwise. Chemicalcosmetics contain many harm ulsubstances like silicon 1ell begs toincrease breast" hydrocarbons" solvents"para&phenylenediamine /hair&dye0"ammonium perceulate or thioglucose etc.)o to,icity or Standard /e.g. IS0 ismentioned on such products. There oreuse o such chemical soap" cream"powder" oundation" nail polish" lipstick"bleach" wa," hair&dye" hairspray" hair&remover" a tershave lotion and cream"per ume spray etc. should be avoided orminimised. Their health eXects are

adverse. )on&chemical" herbal or%yurvedic cosmetics may be used. -e oretheir use" body test is necessary.

$arning to drop use o cosmeticsmust be heard by the women o theworld. )ational Institute o *ccupationalSa ety and #ealth o !ondon said that OEEchemicals used in cosmetics are to,ic.-oto, i.e. -otulinum to,in is highly to,ic.I N gram is sprayed in the air" it can killmany people. -en(ene" Hormaldehyde"toluene" collagen" acuten and laser rayscan cause cancer also. They disturb bodyhormones` remove se, desire anddamage lungs and mucus membrane/)ews F&NN&E 0.

Simple one hour walking and deepbreathing or Aogasana can preservehealth and beauty.

Bost o the cosmetics contain to,icand Rammable substances like ben(ene"

ormaldehyde" coal tar" lanolin /woolgrease0" phenylenediamine"

pheno,yethanol" paralence etc. whichmay look non&ha(ardous in test tubes but

they become ha(ardous when entered inskin or become old.

They are used in eye shadows"shampoo" skin&cream" blushers" lipsticks"mascara" hair spray" per umes"moisturi(er" toothpaste" soap etc.

)ail polish contains very ha(ardous

chemicals like %cetone" Sprit" Bethylben(ene" Uhenol" Hormaldehyde. Thesechemicals destruct natural shining o thenails and i ingested through fngers andmouth" they damage stomach and liverand may cause cancer i takene,cessively or repeatedly.

Individual level o such chemical maybe less than the 2permissible limit3 asclaimed by the manu acturers but theirsynergistic or total eXect due toprolonged use can cause allergicreactions and serious damage to bodyhormones and make us ugly or sick orweak a ter some time. Daily use o lipstick amounts to Y VE kg duringli etime

)ot only eye or skin sensation butthey also cause cancer" disruption"neurological damage" miscarriage andharm to child in mother3s womb.

-ook like 2Urotect yoursel rom the#idden Dangers o Cosmetics3 and many

warnings are published or our sa ety. Dowe want to awake and orgo such maduse o the cosmetics or not+ /)ews Q&P&E 0

Consumer uidance Society o India"Bumbai has warned the women regardingtheir S(n#%" and (n#(ya that they arenow poisonous indur contains !eado,ide and u/ u/ Bercury sulphideSticker type *indi!as / orehead points0can also impair the skin. Indian Standardsshould be prescribed or non&to,icchemicals to be used in such cosmetics/)ews NQ& &OQ0.

K,ceeding use o ha("-#ye alsoincreases lead level in blood` it is soreported by Dr. T. enkatesh" theChairman o St. \ohn )ational %cademy o -angalore. It reduces memory" adverselyaXects C)S and brings unconsciousnesssometimes /)ews NF& &OO0.

$+a,o%"s an# $"a'"ance has alsobeen poisoned by chemicals %rtifcial

Ravours and ragrance o strawberry"raspberry" mango" apple" guava" banana"

17


18/35

sandalwood" soaps" shampoos and eveno milk are manu actured rom variouschemicals like %myl acetate" %mylbutyrate" %myl valorate" Kthanol" %nicyl

ormate" -en(yl acetate" -en(ylisobutyrate" -utyric acid etc. Someartifcial tastes are generated as under

Taste of 6ene"ate# 7yUopcorn Bethyl& &dylecton%pple milkshakeKthyl& &methyl&

butirate%lmond -en(aldehydeBilkshake contains alcohol. Hrench&

ries /potato wa ers0 are ried in cowtallow and ree(e by compressed%mmonia gas. Si, months stale items arealso sold a ter re rying.

#ealth eXect o such 1unk ood or astood is to spoil our stomach" C)S" liver

and kidney. They cause acidity"hypertension and ood poisoning. Theyincrease at and weight" which in turninvite other diseases. 2$orld $atchInstitute3 says that some N crores peopleo the world are 2overweight3 due toeating o such ast ood and Hrench& ries.It is also reported that some lakhs%mericans get ood poisoning everydayand some N people die daily due to oodpoisoning /)ews NQ&V&E 0.

The %se of %+t"amo#e"neK%(pment has also posed danger. #ighrequency electromagnetic waves rom

kitchen micro&oven" cellular phone" pager"hair drier" washing machine" electricblanket" room heater" personal computer"

T " video display terminal etc. can causeserious health ha(ards like leukaemia/blood cancer0" brain damage" liverdamage" bone marrow in1ury" miscarriageand adverse eXect on body cells and D)%/)ews Q&N &OF0.

Similar warning was again issued atthe Inte"nat(ona+ Sem(na" at )ewDelhi. 2K,cessive use o such electronicequipment /mobile phone" pager" Ha,m c." micro ovens" hair direr" T " toysetc.0 may cause cancer" skin disease"brain or heart trouble etc. due to electromagnetic feld3 it was so declared /)ews

&N& EEE0.'eport published in 2Kpidermilogy3

1ournal" by Dr. %ndris Stener o Kmin

Jniversity o ermany" states thatincidence o eye cancer was ound much

more in mobile phone users when a groupo NNQ such users was compared with acontrolled group o FP people not havingcancer. Hluid in eye cavity detects phonewave radiation very ast /)ews NF&N&

EEN0.%s per Dutch report" headache and

nausea due to mobile signals rom basestations /third generation network0 havebeen reported rom public living invicinity. /)ews E &NE& EE 0

D"y c+ean(n' chem(ca+s /e.g.Uerchloro&ethylene0 increase PZ morechances o cancer and adversely aXecttongue" lungs" neck and blood pressure` itis so reported by the )ational Centre o *ccupational #ealth and Sa ety atCincinnati" JS%. /)ews & & EEN0

Dry&cleaned cloths emit Trichloroethylene" which causes nausea"headache and giddiness. There ore theyshould be kept in open air or some time.

$arnings about increasing use o non-st(c@ %tens(+s are also published.

TeRon or B&QC coated utensils are used inkitchen to ry or roast dhosa8 pudla8thepla etc." as they need less oil" the ooddoes not stick to the vessel and there oreless labour to clean them. 'eports havebeen published that this coated chemical

/black or brown0 is very to,ic and itspoisonous eXect is ound in the bloodsamples o OEZ o the users It adverselyaXects unborn child" newly born child andothers.

la(e /lustre0 o ce"am(c ,esse+s/e.g. cup&saucer0 contains lead . Hood andDrug %dministration o JS% has warnedpeople to know this lead level be oreusing such vessels. It is advised not tostore hot and sour eatables or long timein it otherwise e,cess lead decreaseshaemoglobin in the blood /)ews Q&V&OO0.

Tin /^alai0 coated or copper vesselsare good or health" it is also reported/)ews &V&E 0

Colour ul estival o Holi has alsobecome unsa e because o the use o to,ic colours -lack /!ead o,ide0" reen/Copper sulphate0" -lue /Urussian blue0"'ed /Bercury sulphate0 etc. containheavy metals which cause skin diseases"kidney ailure" eye damage and even

cancer. 'ed powder >ulal contains lead"chromium" mercury" nickel" cadmium" (inc

18


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and iron which adversely aXect kidney"liver" C)S" intestine etc. %ll India Instituteo Bedical Science and Uoison Centre o the Central ovt. have also warned aboutuse o these ha(ardous colours. )aturalcolours rom plants and vegetablesshould be used.


20/35

Rats" layout and planning+ Is it not asu cient lesson to reali(e a struggle o health v s wealth+ Hor sa ety measures inthis regard see Uart . . o Chapter N.

'eport o the 5Soft #"(n@s3 has alsonot come so t. The Karth Island \ournalpublished rom the birth place o 2Coca

Cola3 i.e. %merica" notes that in onebottle o such so t drink there are someE to F mg o into,icating substances

like alcohol" yeast gum" citric acid"glycerine and glycerol obtained romanimal bodies. Citric acid content badlyaXects the bones and teeth" liver andintestine. Bodern ast oods also invitebone diseases like 2osteoporosis3 /)ews

E&V& EEN0.Centre or Science and Knvironment"

)ew Delhi" took NF samples rom Delhi"N samples rom Bumbai and analysed inlaboratory. Its Director Smt. Sunita)arayan told that level o pesticides

ound in these mineral water bottles wasV. Z more than its permissible limit o

E.EEEN mg l. Bore proportion o pesticideswas ound in more selling brands like%quaplus" BcDowell" -islery" olga"^ingfsher" #ellow" -aily" Hinley" Uureli e"Urime" %quafna" #imalayan etc. DDT"linden" Belethion" Chloropirophose etc.

were the pesticides. These can causecancer and damage kidney" liver etc.$hen branded drinking water is poisoned"what to say about sa ety o othermaterials+ /)ews article" N &E &E 0 $howorries or public sa ety+ -ased oninquiry ollowing above report" the ovt.o India banned eight companies including-islery and Uepsi and suspended their ISIquality mark on their water bottles /)ews

E&E &E 0.% report o the same Centre or

Science and Knvironment /CSK0 publishedthe presence o pest(c(#es in Uepsi andCoca Cola brand so t drink bottlescollected rom and surrounding Delhi.Hour types o pesticides were oundcontaining e,cessive proportion as under&

DDT && NPZ more!indane && NZ moreChloropyri os && Z

moreBalathion && QFZ more

!aboratory In&charge Dr. ).-. Bathurtold that these pesticides can cause

cancer and dissolve bones. Somepesticides are capable o decreasingsperm counts in males. The samplesshowed level o to,ins as E.ENQE mg lagainst the permissible level E.EEEP mg lspecifed by the Kuropean KconomicCommission. Birinda lemon was ound

containing FEZ more pesticides. TheBembers o Uarliament raised severe cryand insisted to prohibit such products inIndia. /)ews EF&EQ&E 0

The companies have also publishedtheir replies in news papers /EO&EQ&E 0and denied such fndings. Their de ence isobvious because they don3t wish to losesales and profts. *ne thing is certain thatsuch drinks are neither energy oods noressential or li e. % one rupee product issold at ten rupees. It drains our money to

oreign countries. This is another ha(ard.Uollution Control -oard o ^erala" took

the samples o *astes thrown out byCoca Cola plant and a ter laboratoryanalysis it was ound containing Cadmium

EN.Q mg l against the permissible limit o PE mg l. Thus even the waste o this plantwas containing carcinogenic heavy metal./)ews EQ&EQ&E 0

Coca Cola Co. has its plants all overthe world including India. In Kurope and

JS%" children and youths have madethese drinks as part o their diet. In ourcountry also" we see sale o thousands o bottles o Uepsi and Coca Cola at allplaces. Ueople should learn lesson romsuch eye opening news and give up suchdrinks ha(ardous to health.

#ealth eXects o Co+# D"(n@s havebeen published. Kthylene glycol is usedas anti ree(e and anti&drying agent insuch branded and non&branded bottles o commonly used cold drinks. It is a solventand can dissolve our teeth and bone. Inaddition" it adversely aXects our kidney"liver" lungs and C)S. *nly NEE ml o Kthylene glycol is said to be a atal dose.

%nother ma1or content o cold drinksis Uhosphoric acid" which is anti&rustingand analytical agent. Its T! is only Nmg m /STK! mg m 0 and damagesstomach.

Carbolic acid or phenol is also usedwhose T! is only P ppm and its

absorption through skin is very ast. ItaXects C)S /brain0" kidney" liver"

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pancreas" spleen and lung. Its reportedatal dose is N.P g /oral0. It can cause

cancer also.-en(oic acid is used as preservative

whose lowest published to,ic dose orskin /human0 is V mg kg and causesgastrointestinal troubles.

$ater used or so t drinks is romunknown sources and not hygienic. Itcontains heavy metals like lead"cadmium" (inc" sodium" potassium etc.and also reported to contain ben(ene andmethylben(ene.

There ore total avoidance orprohibition o so t drinks like Coca Cola"Uepsi" Thumps up" Sprint and so on is theonly remedy or good health.

So t drinks made rom milk" ruits andvegetables vi(. !assi" \al1ira" %mla" Sugar&cane 1uice" ulab" ^hus" %nanas etc.should be promoted and used. /)ews NV&P&E 0

% ter mineral water and cold drinks2tin packed oods3 are also declaredpoisonous. Inside metal" colours andchemicals are ound to,ic. Tin& oodgenerates small bacteria known as 2C.botulinam3. This bacteria produces poison.Its atal dose o only E.N micro gram can

kill a person. In the name o permittedadditive" emulsifer" stabili(er" colour andRavour" chemicals like vinegar" sulphurdio,ide" nitrate" nitrite" anti&o,idant /eg.-uchilated hydro,i toluene0" saccharine"monosodium glucomat are added.

There ore it is in the interest o sa ety toavoid such processed and tin&packed orplastic packed ruit 1uice" 1am" bread"butter" cheese" ghee" tomato ketchup orsauce" vegetables" pickles" milk" soup"meat" fsh" bear etc. /)ew NE&Q&E 0

% report published in 2K,perimental-iology3 states that 7+oo# sto"e# (n PVC7a's becomes contaminated by achemical known as DK#U contained inU C. This harm ul content adverselyaXects C)S" liver" kidney and red cells asit was detected rom studies on rats./)ews EF&EQ&E 0

In the race o acquiring wealth andacilities" are we not doing a suicidal act+

#ow many e,amples to cite+ In short"

our activities o acquiring wealth areconstantly challenging our health.

There ore the concept o sa ety hasbecome most essential.

. I:DUSTRIALI ATIO: VsACCIDE:TSIndustriali(ation has been defned as

2the process o change in the mode o production to utilise more capital per unito output" higher levels o technology andmanagement" widening markets with costeconomics scale and specialised locationo plant" type o plant and labour skills3.

Side eXects o such industriali(ationare to increase accidents" occupationaldiseases" polluted environment" unsa eworking conditions and rapid urbanisationresulting in road accidents and vehicularpollution.

%ccidents Hacts" NOOF" )ationalSa ety Council" JS%" writes aboutincreasing trend o accidents and in1uriesin JS% as under

LThe un&intentional&in1ury deathscontinued to increase or the ourthconsecutive year in NOOV /QVFFF in NOOto OQ EE in NOOV0... The toll o non atalin1uries is also enormous. %bout NE EFmillion %mericans need medicaltreatment every year due to workin1uries. The economic impact o these

atal and non atal in1uries amounted to.N billion in NOOV. This is about NFEE

per capita or about PEE perhouseholdM.

LThe fve leading causes o suchin1ury and death" which account or QEZo such deaths were unchanged in NOOV.

otor%vehicles8 falls8 poisonin$ *! solidsand li uids8 re B *urns and dro nin$have *een the top ve causes since1 E M.

The Uresident o Indian Institute o Chemical Kngineers" %shok Uan1wani" toldat Oth %nnual Session on NQ&N &OV at-haruch & LIndustrialisation is the key orthe growth o economy. #owever" growthat the cost o environment is proving tobe detri/ental to the societ! . There hasbeen a tendency to orget theenvironment in the process o rapidgrowth o chemical industriesM.

LSa ety has to be built into theculture. The sa ety standards o severalorganisations are equivalent to

21


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international standards but in many otherindustries safet! is still a slo$anF.

The industries increased a ter thefrst and second world war and with rapidscientifc inventions and applicationsduring the current century. The E thcentury /NOEN to EEE0 historically

earmarked or the constant rise o scientifc inventions" researches"applications" industrialisation and mobilityin every walk o li e. It cannot bedescribed in short. #ere we are concernedwith the impacts and ill eXects o all suchrising and roaring industrialisation asun anted evil or the mankind.

\apan received complaints o environmental pollution and occupationaldiseases during NOPF to NOVE and it le tsuch chemical industries soon a ter NOVEand turned toward electronics industry tokeep its environment clean. \apan" JS%and Canada were compelled to enactstrict environment protection laws duringthis time" which we did during NOQV andtherea ter. *ur )ational Horest Uolicy o NOQQ has ailed to control environmentalpollution. Hor healthy environment Zland should be kept reserved or orests"which is reduced to N Z resulting incontinuous decrease o birds" animals"

vegetation" greenery and cleanatmosphere or healthy li e.%s per in ormation up to N& &NOOQ"

total industrial investment in u1arat waso 's. NEQFFF crores. *ut o that P Z was

or production sector and .EQZ orpower. PFEEE crores will be invested inpetrochemical and chemical industries.-haruch" Surat" adodara and \amnagarwill become the highly industrialisedareas. %n industrial par at the cost o 's.NEEE crores has been sanctioned by the

ovt. o u1arat" to establish chemicaland petrochemical industries at Botiberu"near Dholka" Dist. %hmedabad /)ews V&NN&OF0.

In u1arat P new pro1ectsinvolving 's. N PE crores were undervarious stages o implementation duringNOOF&OQ. SSI units increased up to NO EEEtill the end o NOOV. Uresent installedpower capacity o FF N B$ will be raisedto NPEEE B$ at the end o Oth Hive Aear

Ulan. u1arat may secure leading positionas industrial state among the %sian

countries in the Nst century /)ews P&N &OF0.

u1arat In rastructure %genda isionENE occupied a ull&page advertisement

on F&V&NOOO. It states Q world&classin rastructure pro1ects o 's. NNVOOcrores Till ENE it is planned to have

NF FF B$ electricity at the cost o 's.PPNVF crores" transportation o QOmillion ton cargo at ports" newindustrial estates /including NE port basedindustrial estates0 at the cost o 's. FNVNcrores" NEP new roads with 's. NOOPNcrores" Q new railway pro1ects with 's.VP crores" O new water and gutterschemes" NN new townships" PN newsystems o urban transportation" NPEF kmlong gas&grid" new air ports andin ormation technology acilities o 's.

EE crores. This blueprint o u1arat" i implemented" will certainly increase rapidindustrialisation and in turn sa etyproblems too It indicates high need o sa ety technology and accidentprevention work.

$ith such rapid industrialisation"roads and tra c will also increase. %scheme o 's. N EE crores to develophighways in u1arat has been sanctionedby the overnment /)ews N&NN&OF0.

K,pansions o ^'I-#C* plants to produceN PE BT ammonia and EE BT ureaboth at #a(ira and orakhpur" at the totalcost o 's. N crores was announced onV&NN&OF /)ews F&NN&OF0. Such continuousindustrial e,pansion and increasingha(ards also increase the need o sa ety.

It is also reported that only becauseo the high ha(ard potential" adodara willbecome the country3s headquarters ordisaster management. % central controlroom & the only one in the country & ormanaging disasters will be set up /underJDBU0 there /)ews F&NE&OF0.

During last ten years" industries"workers" raw materials" products"pollution" transportation o men andmaterial and their ha(ards have beenincreased tremendously. The CentralStatistical *rganisation /CS*0 hasreported that industrial production duringfrst our months o NOOF&OQ wasincreased by V. Z comparing with the

same period o NOOV&OF.

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The courts are constantly issuingorders to close down the polluting

actories. It has also directed to use someless polluting uel like pentane todecrease vehicular pollution. !ooking tothe increasing trend o road accidents and

alling o school buses in river" the court3s

directives regarding tra c rules havebeen shown on T . The road accidents are also

increasing as a result o side eXects o growing industrialisation andurbanisation. Some fgures are as under

%s per report published in EE " 2Indiais at )o.N in the world in the matter o road accidents. Si,ty thousand peopledied due to road accidents last year.3/Kditorial NQ&N &E 0.

%s per report published on F& &OF"every year some lakhs road accidentstake place in India in which more thanVEEEE people die and Y 's. P croreseconomic loss results. E !akhs two&wheelers were reported only in Delhi onN&NN&OF. Hrom this very day" the helmetwas made compulsory in Delhi or allback&riders on two&wheelers. $hy+ or thepurpose o sa ety only.

The year NOOF was celebrated asRoad afet! Gear in u1arat and it is

reported that during this year the fgureo average daily accidents raised to OProm the similar fgure o Q in NOOV.

Higure o daily average atal accident wasalso increased to NP" which was N " inNOOV. During frst O months o NOOF thetotal road accidents were P F out o which EV were atal. %round PEZ atalaccidents occurred on highways /)ews V&

&OQ0.In the year EE " in u1arat" NFQ

people died and EEE in1ured due toroad accidents /)ews N &EN&E 0

Some fgures o road accidents are asunder

Roa# Acc(#ents (n 6%Ba"at

Fea"Tota+

Acc(#ents

$ata+(t(esSe"(o%s

Acc(#ents

NOON F PF FVE PP ENOO VF P ENE VEONOO FNNP NO VQNOO VN EPN VE E

NOOP ENNN QFN F QV

Roa# $acto"y Acc(#ents (n In#(a LP:e*s

Ca%se 1?

11

12

1 14

10

'oadaccidents

EEP

OE

ONPV

PFVO

PNQPP

VQ PN

Hactoryaccidents

VPQ P O P O PPE VEV VNV

othe"sHire EP E

VEN

EO

PO

Uoison&ing

N NV N VOF

N FF N N N FP ENP

Klectro&cution

OPF O EV QQ PE QVN

Acc(#ents on :at(ona+ H('h*ay Fea" Tota+ Acc(#ents Deaths

EEE NNEEEE EEEEEEN NEEEEE OEEE

In addition to road accidents" anotherha(ard rom vehicles is lead poisoning

rom their fuel e-hausts . To avoid this"unleaded petrol" !U and C) areintroduced.

Hor more fgures o road accidents"see Chapter& N.

In rail&accidents also India is notbehind. Two out o fve world&worst railaccidents have occurred in India. Borethan QEE people were died in \une NOQN in-ihar when a train ell down rom a bridgeinto the river. % head&on collision" a rareoccurrence on a double]line sectionhappened at N.PP a.m. on nd %ugustNOOO" between two e,press trains ]-rahmaputra Bail and %vadh&%ssamK,press ] at aisal /)orth -engal0 railwaystation. FQ passengers were killedincluding drivers and assistant drivers o both the trains. *ver PEE were badlyin1ured. % statutory inquiry into the causeo the accident by Chie Commissioner o 'ailway Sa ety" Br. B Bani" wasannounced.

Some notable rail accidents are asunder

Date P+ace$ata+(ty

P&EV&OE Bogta" -ihar VEN&NE&ON Bakligurg E

EP&EO&O ^arnatak& 'aigadh" BU NNV&EF&O Darbhanga" -ihar VE

N&EO&O Chhabra" 'a1. FN

N &EP&OP Salem" T)P

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EN&EV&OP $- W *rissa FE&EQ&OP Hiro(abad" JU E

NQ&E &OV orakhpur" JU VEN &EO&OF Badhya Uradesh QN

V&NN&OQ !udhiana NEQNV&EF&OO Bathura NF

&EV& EEN ô(ikode" êralaE

EO&EO& EE -ihar" 'afgan1N E

E &EN& EE hatamnagar" B3rashtraN

NP&EP& EE Uun1ab" HireQ

%ll such accidents denote sa etyproblems and call or preventivemeasures. The Hederation o 'ailway* cers stated that the political leadersare e,tending railway services withoutworrying or sa ety. /)ews F&O&OF0FN rail accidents during one year"NOOQ&NOOO" /N.P accidents per day 0 and

EEE rail accidents during NOO to NOOQtell us the story o railway sa etyInternationally accepted latestcomputerised %u,iliary $arning System/%$S0 cannot be applied to a largenetwork o V EEE km rail track in ourcountry" said the 'ailway -oard. Thistechnology costs 's. N crore per kilometre/)ews O&Q&OO0. Bore attention on humanerrors and good maintenance o prevailing sa ety system remains the onlyremedy. This is the abstract o some EEEreports submitted to the 'ailway Binistryindicating EZ accidents due to humanerrors

The retired SC \udge Shri # ' ^hanna"Chairman o 'ailway Sa ety 'eviewCommittee" submitted its report to the'ailway -oard. This report puts stress onradio communication acilities" sa ety andwarning systems" train actuated warningsystem" a,le counters" Rasher lights"emergency provisions in engines" moderntrack data recording system" reducinghuman element and increasing quality o training and education to all types o railway employees including drivers/)ews E&Q&OO0.

2%nti collusion device prepared byônkan 'ailway will be ftted to all thetrains3" said the 'ailway Binister Shri)itish ûmar /)ews NN&NE& EEN0

In an accident between a goods trainand a passenger train at southBo(ambique" EE people died and EE to

EE in1ured. %eroplane bowing F F burstinto the sea near west seashore o Taiwanand all P passengers died. /)ews V&P&E 0

air&travellers died in a planecrash in Indonesia on V&O&OF. The great 1ungle fre in Indonesia caused a heavyloss o environment in hundreds o kilometres and or days together inSeptember NOOF.

'egarding urbanisation" $arnerHoreno" the Uresident o UopulationInstitute at $ashington" reported Lthehal o the world population lives in citiesand townsM and it was also predicted thatby the end o the year EPE" two&third o the world population would be ound incities. This will create urban problems./)ews N&N & EEE0

)hus increasin$ industrialisation8ur*anisation and transportation arecausin$ accidents and dan$ers to hu/anlife. (atal Road accidents of 1 " occup! 34.E2 of total fatal accidents of that

!ear. (actor! and /achine accidents0fatal8 1 " ere onl! E.31 .

The 'eport o the In#(an :at(ona+Comm(ss(on of La7o%" said in NOVOLIn a country as populous as ours"there can be danger o a tendencydeveloping to discount the value o hu/an life . Its loss in accidents orthrough the slow and agonising process o an occupational disease may not stir thecommunity as much as it could be incountries with chronic labour shortages"though to the near ones it is a tragicoccurrence. 'elie gets organised a terthe event" but prevention $ets side%trac ed M.

This observation describes theaccident problem and suggests theremedial measure that prevention shouldnot be sidetracked. This shows out theconcept o sa ety.

E ects of (n#%st"(a+ s(c@ness onsafety8

The worldwide recession"globalisation and international quality

24


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competition may retard theindustrialisation described so ar.#owever" big chemical comple,es maygenerate more and more opportunities orsa ety pro essionals. Small&scale unitsshall have limited scope. Due toglobalisation" automation and

computeri(ation" the employment maynot increase as per e,pectation. The !abour Department o JS% has

declared that the unemployment rate hasbeen increased to V. Z in the last month.

This is the highest unemployment rate o last NE years. Bany people are in searcho 1obs but they do not get employment./)ews NN&EF& EE 0

Jnemployment rate in Saudi %rabia isreached to N Z and there ore its

overnment decides to retrench NFQEEoreign workers and has advised them to

leave the country within one month./)ews NQ&EF&E 0

P+ann(n' Comm(ss(on of In#(areports 2Kmployment growth rate hasbeen reduced rom .EEZ to E.OQZduring last si, years3.

*bservation o :at(ona+ Samp+eS%",ey says that 2$hen the DUincreased rom P.QZ to V.FZ /industrial

growth0" the employment growth rate wasdecreased during EEN&E . The employment growth rate o

public sector was decreased rom E.NE toE.E Z.

%t the end o the year EE &E " inu1arat" a fgure o unemployed literate

persons was about O lakhs /as perKmployment K,change * ce0 and thismay become E lakhs in year ENE./)ews NV&EF&E 0

Thus industrial and employmentretardation" worldwide recession" fnancialhardship and eXects o globalisation mayretard the movement o sa ety in ourcountry /)ews &P& EEN0.

Industrial production has beenincreased but em

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01. CHAPTER - 1 Concept of Safety

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