01 Introduction GvK

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Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Wind TurbineDesign

AE4-W09

5 ECTS

2010

Prof. Dr. Ir. G.A.M van Kuik, Gijs

and many other DUWIND experts


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General Course Information

All communication through Blackboard. Allsheets and material are available at Blackboard

There is no hard-copy binder The course has a little overlap with:

1. AE4-W012: Rotor Aerodynamics(now running)

2. AE4-W013: Wind and Site Conditions, first semester

so here only: the use of , and no detailed background

AE3W02: Introduction to wind energy, is

mandatory as preceding course. Testing of thisknowledge is done by homework assignments.


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Set-up of the course

Lectures, homework and group assignment

Attendance of lectures not mandatory but strongly

advised. Examination is by the group assignment

Admission to group assignment requires satisfactory

execution of the homework assignments

Feed-back on course is highly appreciated


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The planning


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Background Material for this hour

Volume 1: Turbine Technology, from WindEnergy, the Facts

Available at Blackboard and

http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=91


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The design process, starting freshMany classificationsand/ or terminologyexist. Here:

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design


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The design process

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

All choicesdepend on each other

Each solution/param. to be detailed

independent of others

Turbine concept (e.g. const/var. ,number of blades, gearbox or not, )

Main parameters (e.g. diameter, hubheight, wind class, eigenfrequencies)

Main operational aspects (e.g. safety,

control, maintenance, grid aspects)

Main materials (tower & bladematerial, casted or welded bedplate)

Targeted weights, annual yield, ex-factory costs


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The design process

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

Main component/systemis detailed to subcomponent level

Subcomponents to be detailed

independent of others

Rotor: blade geometry andconstruction, specs of pitch bearing

Nacelle: dimensions, weights, specsof axes, bearings, couplings, gearbox, yaw drives, bedplate, housing

Tower: wall thickness, access,elevator, installation process

Electric: specs of generator, power

electronics, trafo

Control: soft- & hardware


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The design process

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

All components aredetailed to sufficient level

All is ready for manufacturing

or ordering

Rotor: sheet lay-out, resindistribution, curing times, details of

hub, actuators, bearings, battery andcontrol back-up equipment

Nacelle: drawings and detailed specs

of axes, bearings, couplings, gearbox, yaw drives, bedplate, housing

Etcetera


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The design process

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

Driven by market developments,accumulated experience,manufacturing capabilities, new

applications e.g. deep wateroffshore. Usually: carefulupscaling of previous version

Here the research & engineeringknowledge is used to fullextend. This design phase is the

area of this course, with someexcursions to conceptual design


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Concept development: scaling

effects

Rated Power Diameter2.155


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effects

Hub height Diameter-0.3


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effects

Rotor mass Diameter2.6


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effects

All trends show an exponent < 3 which would follow

from straightforward upscaling (square cube law) Due to

increased hub height higher wind speeds

improved technology


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Scaling effects in case of unchanged

design

Enercon main shaft mass follows square cube law


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Main pin (it is stationairy)


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Some

abandonedconcepts

Darrieus turbine

- Lower Cp

- Guy wires

Revival for use inbuilt environment:

BUT:


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Some

abandonedconcepts

Single bladed

Turbine

- High tip loss- High noise

level


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Delft

University ofTechnology

Some

abandonedconcepts

Flexible, passivelycontrolled(downwind)turbines

- Difficulttechnology

- Most suited for 2-bladers


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Delft


Modern turbines are common in:

Number of blades: 3

Collective pitch controlVariable speed operation

and differ in:Gearbox or direct drive or mixed

Rotor support (main bearing / axis)

Nacelle frame


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Delft


Schematic

Conceptual

Preliminary

Detailed

DISAS

TER

!

Example: soil stiffness / foundationresults in wrong support structurefrequency

turbine

tower

soil


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Delft


Schematic

Conceptual

Preliminary

Detailed

Major

proble

m

Example: many gearbox problems,control problems

turbine

gearbox

bear-ing


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Delft


The design process, starting fromprevious experience

Preceding, usuallysmaller, turbine

Conceptual design

Preliminary design

Detailed design Series productionprototype

measurements


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Delft


Design is part of prototype

developmentConcept, wind class, grid


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Delft


Survey of simplifying design

assumptions (1)


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Delft


Survey of simplifying design

assumptions (2)

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01 Introduction GvK

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