Introduction to Computers

CCS 1100Structured C Programming

Objectives

What is a Computer?

A. Computer Systems

1.Computer Hardware2.Computer Software

Computer Hardware1. Input Devices –data can be

entered to the computer2. Central Processing Unit –

processes the organization and movement of data in the system

3. Primary Storage – main memory; where programs and data are stored temporarily while processing

4. Output Devices5. Auxiliary Storage Devices –

secondary storage; where data is stored permanently

Software

SystemSoftware

Operating

System

System Suppor

tSystem Development

Application

Software

General

Purpose

Application

Specific

System SoftwareManage the hardware resources

of a computer and perform required information processing tasks.

System Software1. Operating system – provides

services that allow users access to the system. (such as user interface, file and database access, communication systems.

2. System Support – provides performance statistics for the operational staff and security monitors to protect the system and data. (disk format, disk clean up)

3. System Development – language translators that convert programs into machine language for execution, debugging tools and computer-assisted software engineering (CASE) systems.

Application Softwares

1. General-purpose software – purchased from a software developer and can be used for more than one application.

2. Application-specific software – with an intended purpose.

A. Computer SystemsUser

System

Software

HARDWARE

Application Software

B. Computer Environments1. Personal Computing

Environment2. Time-Sharing Environment

B. Computer Environments3. Client/Server Environment

B. Computer Environments4. Distributed Computing

C. Machine LanguageComputer Language Evolution

C. Computer Languages

1. Machine Language

C. Computer Languages

2. Symbolic Languages

C. Computer Languages

3. High Level Languages

D. Creating and Running Programs

E. System Development1. System Development Life Cycle

(SDLC)The Waterfall Model:

E. System Development

1. Program Development◦ Understand the Problem◦ Develop the Solution

Structure Chart Pseudocode Flowchart Write the Program

◦ Test the Program Black Box White Box

E. System DevelopmentStructure Chart:

E. System DevelopmentPseudocode:

E. System DevelopmentFlowchart:

F. Software EngineeringSoftware Engineering is the

establishment and use of sound engineering methods and principles to obtain a software that is reliable and that works on real machines.

This definition, from the first international conference on software engineering in 1969, was proposed 30 years after the first computer was built. During that period, software was more of an art than a science.