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William Stallings
Computer Organizationand Architecture
7th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction
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Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible tothe programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for datarepresentation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features areimplemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memorytechnology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is itdone by repeated addition?
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Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basicarchitecture
• The IBM System/370 family share thesame basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards
• Organization differs between differentversions
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Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which componentsrelate to each other
• Function is the operation of individualcomponents as part of the structure
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Function
• All computer functions are:—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control
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Functional View
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Operations (a) Data movement
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Operations (b) Storage
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Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
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Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
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Structure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
CentralProcessing
Unit
Computer
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Structure - The CPU
Computer Arithmeticand
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU
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Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Login
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit
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Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets
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Outline of the Book (2)
• CPU Structure and Function• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)
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Internet Resources
- Web site for book
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html—links to sites of interest
—links to sites for courses that use the book
—errata list for book
—information on other books by W. Stallings
• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html—Math
—How-to
—Research resources
—Misc
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Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page• CPU Info Center
• Processor Emporium
• ACM Special Interest Group on ComputerArchitecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on ComputerArchitecture
• Intel Technology Journal• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.
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Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
• comp.arch• comp.arch.arithmetic
• comp.arch.storage
• comp.parallel