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ECOLOGYECOLOGY
Levels of Ecological Levels of Ecological OrganisationOrganisation
ALBIO9700/2006JK
Insects751,000
Other animals281,000
Fungi69,000
Prokaryotes4,800
Plants248,400Protists
57,700
Known species1,412,000
ALBIO9700/2006JK
Communities
Subatomic Particles
Atoms
Molecules
Protoplasm
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
Earth
Planets
Solar systems
Galaxies
Universe
Organisms
Realm of ecology
Ecosystems
Biosphere
ALBIO9700/2006JK
• EcologyEcology – study of how whole communities of – study of how whole communities of living organisms living organisms interact with each other and with interact with each other and with their environmenttheir environment
• HabitatHabitat – – place where organisms liveplace where organisms live (e.g. leaf- (e.g. leaf-mining caterpillar inside a leaf on the oak tree)mining caterpillar inside a leaf on the oak tree)
• Population Population – – a group of organisms of the same a group of organisms of the same speciesspecies, which live in the , which live in the same place at the same same place at the same timetime, and , and can interbreedcan interbreed with each other (e.g. with each other (e.g. population of ants/beetles)population of ants/beetles)
• CommunityCommunity – – all the organismsall the organisms, of all the , of all the different species, different species, living in a habitatliving in a habitat (e.g. forest (e.g. forest community/reef community)community/reef community)
• EcosystemEcosystem – relatively self-contained, – relatively self-contained, interacting community of organisms, and the interacting community of organisms, and the environmentenvironment in which they live and with which in which they live and with which they interact – no ecosystem is entirely self-they interact – no ecosystem is entirely self-containedcontained
• Niche Niche – the – the role of an organismrole of an organism in the ecosystem in the ecosystemALBIO9700/2006JK
HabitatHabitat
ALBIO9700/2006JK
PopulationPopulation
ALBIO9700/2006JK
CommunityCommunity
ALBIO9700/2006JK
EcosystemEcosystem
ALBIO9700/2006JK
ALBIO9700/2006JK