Contents
No. Topic Name Page No.
PART ONE
1. Our Earth and Our solar system 1
2. Motions of the Earth 12
3. The Earth and its Living World 21
4. Environmental Balance 34
5. Family Values 44
6. Rules Are for Everyone 50
7. Let us Solve our own Problems 59
8. Public Facilities and My School 66
9. Maps ‐ our Companions 72
10. Getting to Know India 83
11. Our Home and Environment 91
12. Food for All 103
13. Methods of preserving Food 115
14. Transport 125
15. Communication and Mass Media 137
16. Water 145
17. Clothes ‐ our Necessity 155
18. The environment and Us 166
19. Constituents of Food 178
20. Our Emotional World 188
21. Busy at Work‐our Internal Organs 196
22. Growth and Personality Development 208
23. Infectious Diseases and how to prevent them 218
24. Substances, Objects and Energy 229
25. Community Health and Hygiene 240
PART TWO 250
1. What is History? 251
2. History and the Concept of ‘Time’ 259
3. Life on Earth 267
4. Evolution 272
5. Evolution of Mankind 279
6. Stone Age: Stone Tools 288
7. From Shelters to Village‐settlements 296
8. Beginning of Settled Life 302
9. Settled Life and Urban Civilization 309
10. Historic Period 316
Note: Textual Questions are respresented by * mark.
1
Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
1. Objects that make up the universe such as the sun, stars, planets, moon etc are known as heavenly
bodies. 1. The heavenly bodies that twinkle
are called stars. 2. These heavenly bodies have their
own light. 3. The sun is the closest star to the
earth. All heavenly bodies get light from the sun. We cannot see other stars during day due to the bright light of the sun.
Heavenly bodies
Stars
Good to Know:
Our sun is a star since it generates its own light.
Although being a star, the sun does not twinkle because it is very close to the earth.
1. Our Earth and Our Solar System
Let’s Study
Planets Moon
Sun Stars
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Std. V: Environmental Studies (Part One)
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1. The heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called planets. 2. Planets do not have their own light. They get their light from the stars. 3. Planets revolve around a star and also rotate around themselves simultaneously. 1. The sun and the planets, their satellites, dwarf planets and asteroids that revolve around the sun are
together called the solar system. 2. The planets that revolve around the sun are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune. 3. The path along which a planet revolves around the sun is known as the orbit of that planet. 4. Earth is one of the eight planets. The Earth’s motion around the sun is called its revolution. Earth is the
only planet to have life on it. 5. There are some smaller heavenly bodies present in the solar system. These are as follows: a. Satellites: The heavenly bodies that revolve around a planet are called satellites. Satellites get
their light from the sun. Example: The moon revolves around the earth. Thus, it is a satellite of the earth. Like earth, many other
planets in the solar system have their own satellites.
Moon revolving around earth
Solar system
Planets
The Solar System
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Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
b. Dwarf planets: The smaller heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun are called dwarf
planets. Dwarf planets have their own orbit along which they revolve independently around the
sun.
Example: c. Asteroids: The small heavenly bodies present in between the planets Mars and Jupiter are called
asteroids. Asteroids also revolve around the sun.
6. All other heavenly bodies in the solar system are much smaller as compared to the sun. The moon is
the heavenly body situated closest to the earth. Therefore it appears to be big, although it is much
smaller than the sun.
1. The force of attraction or a pull exerted by all the heavenly bodies on
one another is called gravity.
2. The sun exerts a gravitational pull on all the planets. On the other
hand, the planets tend to move away from the sun. Under the
combined effect of these two forces, planets keep revolving around
the sun at a fixed distance in a fixed orbit. The satellites too revolve
around the planet due to such forces existing between them.
3. Earth’s Gravity: The gravitational pull exerted by the earth is the reason
for all things on earth to remain on it. Hence, anything thrown
upwards with a greater force, finally falls down to the ground. The emptiness between and beyond the stars and planets is called space or outer space.
Asteroid
Gravity
Space
Ball falling back to ground due to earth’s gravity
Pluto
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Std. V: Environmental Studies (Part One)
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In order to send an object from earth into space, it must be given power to overcome the force of gravity. Rocket technology or space launch technology is used for this purpose.
1. Rockets:
a. Rockets are used to send a spacecraft into space.
b. Large quantity of fuel is burnt in rockets. This produces lot of
energy which is used to push the rocket against the earth’s
gravity with a great speed.
c. Few countries of the world have developed space technology
and sent spacecrafts into space. India is one of the leading
nations in space launch technology. 2. Astronauts: a. The scientists who travel in the spacecraft are called astronauts. b. Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian astronaut to travel into space in 1984. He spent eight days on
a space station as a part of a joint mission of the ISRO and the Soviet Intercosmos. 1. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched unmanned spacecrafts to the moon and
planet Mars. 2. Chandrayaan ‐ I was launched to the moon on 22nd October 2008. 3. Mangalyaan was launched to Mars on 5th November 2013. On 24th September, 2014, Mangalyaan got
established in an orbit around the planet Mars. 4. The objective of these missions is a deeper study of the moon and Mars.
Rocket/Space launch technology
Good to Know:
Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut.
On July 21, 1969, he became the first person to walk on the Moon.
Rakesh Sharma
Space launch using rocket
Chandrayaan ‐ I Mangalyaan
India’s Space Missions
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Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
1. Man‐made satellites are artificial satellites that are put into
orbit around the earth. They can remain in space for many
years.
2. Man‐made satellites are used for telecommunication. These
satellites provide useful information for agriculture,
environment, weather forecasting, map making and searching
for water and minerals on the earth.
1. The specific path along which a planet revolves around the sun is known as ................... of the planet.
2. ................... are the heavenly bodies that revolve around planets.
3. ................... are the small heavenly bodies present between the planet Mars and Jupiter.
4. The emptiness between and beyond the stars and planets is called ....................
(orbit, Asteroids, Satellites, space, gravity)
Answers: 1. orbit 2. Satellites 3. Asteroids 4. space
1. The heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called stars.
Ans: Wrong
The heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called planets. 2. The moon has its own light.
Ans: Wrong
The moon gets its light from the sun. 3. Dwarf planets have an orbit of their own. Ans: Right 1. Mars, Pluto, Saturn, Neptune.
Ans: Pluto
Reason: It is a dwarf planet. Others are planets of solar system. 2. Moon, Asteroids, Sun, Earth.
Ans: Sun
Reason: It has its own light. Others get light from the sun.
Man‐made satellites
Artificial Satellite
Summative Assessment
Right or Wrong? If Wrong, write the correct sentence.
Odd One out
Fill in the blanks
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Std. V: Environmental Studies (Part One)
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1. Planets and Stars Ans:
Planets Stars
(1) The heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called planets.
The heavenly bodies that twinkle are called stars.
(2) Planets do not have light of their own. Stars have their own light.
(3) Example: Earth Example: Sun
1. Force of attraction exerted by heavenly bodies on one another. 2. Technology used for the purpose of sending spacecraft into space. 3. Scientists who travel in the spacecraft. Answers: 1. Gravity 2. Rocket technology 3. Astronauts 1. Who am I? *(1) I have my own light. It is only from me that the planets get light and heat. Ans: Sun. *(2) I am the nearest star to the earth. Ans: Sun *(3) I turn around myself and revolve around the sun. Ans: Planet *(4) No other planet has a living world like mine. Ans: Earth *(5) I turn around myself, around a planet and also around a star. Ans: Satellite *(6) You can see me from the earth but the lighted part of me that you see changes every day. Ans: Moon (7) I am a well known dwarf planet. Ans: Pluto *1. For what purpose are rockets used in space travel? Ans: Rockets are used for the purpose of sending a spacecraft into space. The spacecraft must be given
power to overcome the force of gravity. This power is provided by the rocket by burning large quantity of fuel present inside it.
How are we different?
Answer in one word
Answer in your own words
Name the following
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Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
*2. What information do man‐made satellites provide?
Ans: Man‐made satellites provide useful information for agriculture, environment, map making, weather forecasting. These satellites are used for searching water and mineral wealth on earth. They are also used for the purpose of telecommunication.
1. We cannot see stars during daytime.
Ans: The sun is closer to us than any of the other stars. Due to its bright light, we cannot see other stars during daytime.
2. An object thrown upwards falls back to the ground.
Ans: Earth exerts gravitational pull/force on all objects present on it. Due to this force of attraction, the object thrown upwards falls back to the ground.
1. Try this (Textbook page no. 1) (1) (a) Observe the sky on two clear nights, keeping a gap of about a week between them.
Base your observation on the following points:
The brightness of the heavenly bodies
Whether they twinkle
Their colour and size
Changes in their positions
Ans:
Points Observations
The brightness of the heavenly bodies.
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
Whether they twinkle? Yes No
Their colour and size.
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
Changes in their positions
Yes No
[Note: Students are expected to tabulate their observations in the above given table.] (b) On both nights, draw a picture of the illuminated portion of the moon and note how it
changes from day to day.
Ans: The following diagram shows the illuminated portion of the moon for a period of two weeks.
Give reasons
Formative Assessment
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Std. V: Environmental Studies (Part One)
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We observe that, appearance of moon changes from day to day. This happens due to the
change in the illuminated portion of moon. [Note: Students are expected to observe the moon for one week and draw its illuminated
portion. The diagram given above can be used as a reference.] 2. Can you tell ? (Textbook page no. 3) Observe the figure on page 2 of your textbook and answer the following questions. (1) Which planet is nearest to the sun? Ans: Planet mercury is nearest to the sun. (2) At what position is the earth from the sun? Ans: Earth is at third position from the sun. (3) Which planet is placed
between the earth and Mercury?
Ans: Planet Venus is placed between the earth and Mercury.
(4) Name the planets
beyond the orbit of Mars in serial order.
Ans: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
(5) Which planet is furthest
from the sun? Ans: Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun. 3. Intext question (Textbook page no. 3) In which direction do these things fall? (1) Leaves, flowers, fruits from a tree. (2) Rocks that come loose from a hillside. (3) Rain falling from the sky. Ans: All the above things fall towards the earth’s surface due to the gravitational pull exerted by the earth.
Moon phase change
Good to Know:
Earlier, Pluto was considered the ninth planet of our solar system.
In August, 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) lowered the status of Pluto to that of a dwarf planet.
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Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
*4. What’s the solution? One of the asteroids has fallen out of its place in the asteroid belt and is hurtling towards the sun.
Our earth is in its way and there is all likelihood of a collision. What can be done to prevent this collision?
Ans: The collision of asteroid with earth can be prevented by changing the path of asteroid. This can be achieved by breaking the asteroid into smaller pieces either by a missile or by planting a nuclear bomb on it. Another method would be to collide an unmanned spacecraft with the asteroid. A gravity tractor can be used to deflect the asteroid’s orbit. Also, high power laser beams can be used to change the path of asteroid.
*5. Use your brain power! (1) What will happen to our solar system if the sun were to suddenly disappear? Ans: If the sun suddenly disappeared then: (a) There would be total darkness in the solar system. (b) The planets would change their orbit as they were previously held in fixed orbits by the
gravitational pull of the sun. (c) There would be no seasonal changes on earth. No day and night cycle. (d) Without sunlight there will be no photosynthesis. Hence, all the plants would die. (e) The earth would freeze up. In other words, it would be like the ice age. (f) The devices which work on solar power (eg.: calculators, solar furnace/heater) would
become useless. (2) Suppose you want to give your address to a friend you have on the planet Mars. How will you
write your address if you want them to understand exactly where you live? Ans: Kumar/ Kumari ___________ St. Pius Road, Mulund (West), Mumbai ‐ 400 080, Maharashtra, Republic of India, Continent of Asia, Planet Earth, Solar system, Milky way galaxy. 6. Find out the eight planets of solar system from the following puzzle.
t i k f x c w i v e n u s
y l j r u a e s q a e o z
e d j j u p i t e r r g y
b g f n r o t e q t r e a
x s h u a d e y c h l j w
m a r s n t b r z f h m b
c t y c u g o u h p v l k
o u d j s q t c i t o d i
k r l a e i x r u r p e c
r n e p t u n e q e o g a
f y i o t r k m v w b o x
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Std. V: Environmental Studies (Part One)
10
Ans:
t i k f x c w i v e n u s
y l j r u a e s q a e o z
e d j j u p i t e r r g y
b g f n r o t e q t r e a
x s h u a d e y c h l j w
m a r s n t b r z f h m b
c t y c u g o u h p v l k
o u d j s q t c i t o d i
k r l a e i x r u r p e c
r n e p t u n e q e o g a
f y i o t r k m v w b o x 7. Activity (1) Find out more about the work of Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams, astronauts of Indian
origin. (Textbook page no. 4)
Ans: Kalpana Chawla:
(a) Kalpana Chawla was an Indo‐American astronaut. She was the first woman of Indian origin to travel in space.
(b) She first flew on the spacecraft named Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator.
(c) Kalpana Chawla spent a total of 30 days, 14 hours and 54 minutes in space over the course of her two missions.
Sunita Williams:
(a) Sunita Williams is an American astronaut of Indian origin.
(b) She was appointed at the International Space Station (ISS) as a member of space missions Expedition 14 and Expedition 15.
(c) She served as a flight engineer on Expedition 32 and also as the commander of Expedition 33.
(d) Sunita Williams holds the record for most spacewalks by a woman. Also, the record for most spacewalk time for a woman is in her name.
*(2) In the picture given on textbook page no. 5, correct the sequence of the planets from the sun.
Ans: The sequence of planets given in textbook is: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune.
The correct sequence of planets should be: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
*(3) Make charts about space research and display them in an exhibition.
Ans: The following points can be used while making a chart on space research:
(a) Space missions like Chandrayaan I, Mangalyaan and Apollo.
(b) Type of heavenly body studied.
(c) Objective of the mission.
(d) Outcome of the space research.
[Note: Students are expected to make charts on space research with the help of points mentioned
above.]
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Chapter 1: Our Earth and Our Solar System
*(4) Find out which planets in the solar system have satellites. Ans:
Planet Number of Satellites
(a) Jupiter 53 known + 14 awaiting confirmation
(b) Saturn 53 known + 9 awaiting confirmation
(c) Uranus 27
(d) Neptune 13
(e) Pluto (Dwarf planet) 3
(f) Mars 2
(g) Earth 1
(h) Venus 0
(i) Mercury 0 Information source: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/solarsystem/moons [Note: The data given in the above table could vary in the future, as and when new satellites will
be discovered.] 1. Match the heavenly bodies from Group ‘A’ with their types given in Group ‘B’.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Sun (a) Natural satellite
(2) Neptune (b) Planet
(3) Pluto (c) Star
(4) Moon (d) Dwarf planet 2. Answer in one sentence. (1) What is space? (2) What do you mean by revolution of earth? 3. Name the following. (1) Largest heavenly body in solar system. (2) Closest heavenly body to earth. (3) Small heavenly bodies between Mars and Jupiter. 4. Why does a planet revolve around the sun at a fixed distance in a fixed orbit? Answers: 1. (1) – (c), (2) – (b), (3) – (d), (4) – (a) 2. (1) The emptiness between and beyond the stars and planets is called space. (2) Earth’s motion around the sun is called the revolution of earth. 3. (1) Sun (2) Moon (3) Asteroids 4. The sun exerts a gravitational pull on all the planets. On the other hand, the planets tend to move away
from the sun. Under the combined effect of these two forces, planets keep revolving around the sun at a fixed distance in a fixed orbit.
Chapter Assessment