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OVERVIEW OF THE ITALIAN SWINE INDUSTRY
Roberto BARDINI, DVM
EU-15
• Pig presence EU 27 : 159.732 millions
We are here!
The swine market situation in Italy in 2009
• SOWS: 756.345• TOTAL PIGS PRODUCED:
12.922 Millions• 4.2% of farmers represent
95.3% of the total • The trend shows that the
integration and consolidation process is occurring and has yet to be completed
• DOP: 8.707 mln ( 2008: - 4.5%)
Pig distribution
• The chart below shows the density of pigs in geographic areas: the red areas are the most populated, while the yellow ones are the least.
Density of pigs population per geographic areas. Source ISTAT 2005 (Red >70 pigs/Kmq. Dark-orange:between 30 & 70 pigs/Kmq. Light-orange: between 10 & 30 pigs/Kmq. Yellow: less than 10 pigs/Kmq )
Lombardia: 44.5%
Emilia Romagna: 17.6%
Piemonte: 10.6%
Triveneto: 10.4%
Umbria: 2.8%RO
NA
DOP production: Parma ham
Parma Ham: requirements– Feed composition strictly ruled– Slaughter weight: >150 kg
(now slaughterhouses ask for min. 170 kg)
– Slaughtered between 9 and 11 months of age
– Bred in specific regions of Italy (controlled by tattooing)
– Severe requirements guaranteed by Parma Ham Consortium
Market and economy in Italy (2009)
• 55 mln of hams imported, salted and stored • 26 mln of Italian hams produced• Average pork price (alive, Modena market):
1,219 Є• Average production cost (1 Kg alive): 1.3 Є• Italian feed cost\ton : 255 Є (EU 217, E 230,
NL 213, D 191, F 181)*• *EU commission data
Number of pig producing farms
• Pig production, as shown, is still fragmented.• However the 1.000 largest farms account for about 40%
of the market and the 5.000 largest farms for 95%• Trends show that integration is occurring and 3 major
producers now account for more than 20% of production
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Total farms
First 5000 farms
First 1000 farms
Integrated industry
Level of concentration of italian pig productionSource: estimation by market experts
The swine feed industry
• The swine feed industry is composed of 3 different players:– Integrated industry– Home feed producers– Feed mills /customers
Countries
Farrowing/sow/year
Born alive//farrowing
Ppre-weaning mortality
Weaned pigglets/sow/year
Average Daily Gain
(30 kg-final weight)
Convertion Index
(30 kg-final weight)
Days (fattening)
Produced pigs/fattening place
Weight at sloughtering (kg)
Technical data (2006)
Are you sleeping….?
CircovacCircovac®®: Italian Trial: Italian TrialCircovacCircovac®®: Italian Trial: Italian Trial
Study objective
• To compare the efficacy of 2 PCV2 vaccines (CIRCOVAC and CircoFlex) on piglets in non vaccinated herd:
• Clinical situation• Heterogeneity• Mortality• Runts• ADWG and Feed conversion.
PCV 2 IZSLER trial: pigs cathegories more involved
PCV2: Età insorgenza
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 sett 3-4 sett 8 sett 12 sett 16 sett 20 sett 24 sett
% P
CR
pos
itivi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
IZSLER,2011IZSLER,2011
Herd selection
- No PCV2 vaccination on sows or piglets until now
- PCVD/PMWS Diagnosis
- Reliability of management
- 26-01-10: Lab. Diagnosis for PMWS in 3 pigs
What reliability means
The herd
• 420 sows farrow to finish • Batch management: one week system• Weaning age: 26 days• “Very Good” sanitary situation (mortality rate from
farrow to finish in batches extremely low)• Sanitary breakdown 21 days after entering in
fattening units (costant feed medications followed by runts and few dead)
• Housing management: 26-50 d(PW);51-90d(“mangia-
bevi”);91-120d(grower);121-200d(1° fattenenig period: reduction
from 19 to 16 pigs per pen ) 201-300d (2°fattening period)
Protocol summary
- Blind study: vaccinations were made by another vet
• 1050 piglets• Randomization (Bologna University) 3
homogenous groups for sex, parity, initial weight• 5 weekly batches• 4 weighing steps
- at weaning(26d)- 110 d (before 1st fatt.)- 220 d (end of 1st fatt.)- at slaughter (carcass weight)
Every pig ( and farmer….) dream
..and the hard reality!!
Protocol summary
- 1050 piglets: 349(Circovac),351(Circoflex),350(Control)
- 1st weight and randomizaton, 2 days before weaning/vaccination
- the piglets were also vaccinated with Mh vaccine (BIV with W/O adjuvant)
Protocol summary
- Clinical check each month
- Dead, runts and treatments record
- Feed consumption (liquid feeding) between 2nd and 3rd weighing (40 -120/150KgBW) measured for about 70% of pigs and up to slaughter
Protocol summary
• Serology and virology: ELISA PCV2 and Q-PCR-PCV2- IZSLER Mantova
• Pre-trial: 26-01-10
• Trial: n°36 piglets/4th batch (12x group)
• N° blood samples: 6…+/- every month(from 20-05 to 24-11)
Monthly clinical control
Dead, runts and treatments record
An indispensable tool….
473
711
613
494
733
635
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
25-105 d 105-220 d 25-220 d
Control
Vaccinated
Results: ADWG
+22gr/d
613a
711a
473a
633b
730b
494b
637b
736b
495b
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
25-105 d 105-220 d 25-220 d
Control CIRCOVAC CIRCOFLEX
ADWG according to PCV2 vaccine
ADWG Results
–ADG : +22g/die vaccinated vs Controls
–STAT POS vaccinated vs Controls
–STAT NEG CIRCOVAC vs Circoflex (-4g)
Feed consumption
• Working in progress: we hope to obtain positive results also for feed conversion rate (around 70% of pigs) and to slaughter
SerologyAvarage specific Ab titres against PCV2 (log 10) on 36 pigs distributed in 3 groups
Losses during the trialGroup Dead
(n° Tag)Runts (n° Tag)
% runts + dead
Circovac(n°349)
93,96,218,452,469,539,629,681,715,758.903,921,959,1005,1039 291
107,686 5,73%
Subtotale N° 18 2 20
Circo 1 ml(n°351)
34,124,307,464,633,673,708,868,884,9454,25,29,275,
300,694,726
141,222,294,660,806
6,26%
Subtotale N° 17 5 22
Control(n°350)
71,190,249,991265,528,573,
727,729
31,45,53,72,119,162,225,276,292,363,603,842,994
6,28%
Subtotale N° 9 13 22
TOTAL N°(n°1050)
31 20 646,09%
To better understand the quality of health management of the farm…
% dead + runts from weaning up to 8 months of age
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
circovac
circoflex
control
italian average
Hunted deer to celebrate!
Conclusions
• Difiicult trial• Statistically well
planned• Data obtained
statistically significative
• Confirmation of the “zootechnical” role of PCV2 vaccines