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Introduction

First steps & 1G

archaic mobile communication

optical transmission (smoke/light signals,..)acoustic transmission(drums, alpine horns,...)

electronic

communications:fixed networksMorse code

1sttelegraph line 1843Washington - Baltimore

TelephonyP. Reis 1861

A.G. Bell 1876

Wireless transmission:1873 Maxwell theory of electromagnetic waves

1887 H. Hertz: experimental proof

1897 Marconi: 1st wireless transmission

1901 1st transatlantic transmission1903 Dt. Telefunken GmbH: AEG, Siemens& Halske

1906 1st speech & audio transmission

1909 1st radio program

1917: 1st mobile transmission: BS - train

Fig. 1 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 3)

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Single Cell

1G Cellular systems

Quantum leap in mobile communication:

Single Cell systems Cellular systems

Single Cell Systems:no Handover, small service area

poor service & speech quality

manual switching

cumbersome, bulky & expensive equipment

used until the 1980s

1st mobile services:

Car phonesince 1946(St. Louis, USA)

frequency Re-use

rradius

r

Fig. 2 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 5)

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1

2

7

6

5

1

1

2

2

3

3

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

7

1

37

6

5

4

2

Principle of cellular systems

Cluster

1G

Introduction

frequency- Year of

country system range [MHz] introduction

USA AMPS 800 1979

Japan NTT-MTS 800 1979

Scandinavia NMT 450, 900 1981 - 86

Great Britain TACS 900 1985Germany C450 450 1985

Advantage:Capacity

Roaming

Handover

1980 - 2000:Growth Rates

cellular networks

> 50%/year

Fig. 3 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 7)

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1G limitations

capacity

quality

incompatibility

European mobile market;

early 1990th

Fig. 4 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 9)

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GSM

IS-95 CDMA

D-AMPS

PDCIRIDIUM

2G: Digital revolution

Introduction

Fig. 5 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 11)

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CIPHER

MODUL

Input data(original text)

Output data(ciphered text)

Cipher

Sequence

Advantages of

digital data transmission

Network capacityspeech compression

Supplementary Servicessignalling

Costsproduction, operation & maintenance

Miniaturisationmicro electronics

Transmission QualityEasy to regenerate

Securityeasy to cipher

BS: Base Station

Security:

Ciphering

Distance to BS

SignalQuality

Digital Signal

Analogue

Signal

Transmission

Quality:Easy to regenerate

Fig. 6 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 13)

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2G cellular systems

Date: 4Q2001

GSM:Global System for

Mobile Communication

since 1992world-wide:

165 countries

900, 1800 &

1900 MHzsubscriber: 550 M.

PDC:Personal Digital Cellular

since 1993/94Japan only800 & 1500 MHz

70 M.subscriber

IS-95:Interim Standard-95

since 1995

welt-wide,

America & S. Korea800 & 1900 MHz,

1700 MHz (Korea)

100 M. subscriber

D-AMPS:Digital AMPSsince 1991/92

USA, Kanada800 & 1900 MHz

AMPS/D-AMPS

subscriber: 90 M.

Fig. 7 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 15)

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GSM:Standard /

Adaptations

GSM Adaptations:

GSM900 890-915 / 935-960 MHzE-GSM 880-915 / 925-960 MHz

GSM1800 1710-1785 / 1805-1880

GSM1900 1850-1910 / 1930-1990 MHz

GSM-R 876-880 / 921-925 MHz

GSM450 450.4-457.6 / 460.4-467.6 MHz

GSM480 478.8-486 / 488.8-496 MHz

GSM850 824-849 / 869-894 MHz

1978:CEPT

FrequencyReservation

1982-1990:GSM Standardisation

by Group Special Mobile GSM/

ETSI (founded 1988)

1990/91:GSM Phase 1

frozen

(GSM900/1800)

1990-2002:GSM rolls- up

world-wide market

Fig. 8 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 17)

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Phase 1Phase 2

Phase 1

Phase 2+Phase 2

Phase 1

Capabilities

Year1991 1995 1997Speech transmission: FR,

Basic Services

Data: max. 9,6 kbit/s

Wide range of

Supplementary Services

comparable to ISDN,

Decision of

downward compatibility

Annual Releases:96, 97, 98, 99,..

New Supplementary Services

IN Applications

new Data Services

(high data rates)

GSM: Evolutionary Concept

Downward compatibility

Original concept:

closed standard

lifetime until 3G standardisation

Fig. 9 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 19)

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8/13/2019 01 Tm2201eu04tm 0002 Introduction

11/163G Motivation

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

Subscriber[M.]

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Year

GermanyWorld

Introduction

Fig. 11 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 23)

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0'

500'

1000'

1500'

2000'

2500'

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

RoW

Asia / Pacific

North America

EU15

UMTS Forum

Report #1

Trends & Outlook

Subscriber[M.]

YearLong-term forecast:strong 2G & 3G growth

new frequency ranges & efficient resource management

2002:Phasing out of 1GGSM dominating 2G (2/3 market)

Fig. 12 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 25)

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Trend:

VoiceData

Mobile Trends

Source:

UMTS Forum

0

20

40

60

80

100

Traffic[%]

1996 2001 2005 2007

Year

Voice

Data

Fig.

13(TM2201EU04TM_

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Demands on 3G

Mobile

Communication

improved speech qualityUser-friendliness

world-wide access

world-wide HPLMN services

specific service definition

fast transfer of large data

volumes

(Inter-/Intranet, File Transfer,

E-Mail, Multimedia)

Fig.

14(TM2201EU04TM_

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10 100 1000 10.000

Data rate [kbit/s]

Video conferences

video telephony

Tele-Shopping

Tele-Banking

Financial services

Electronic newspapers

Images / Sound files

Data base access

Information services

E-mail

Voice

3G Services &

required data rates

UMTS offersflexible & dynamic

data rates:

8 kbit/s - 2 Mbit/s

Fig. 15 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 Introduction, 31)

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EFREnhanced

Full Rate CAMELCustomized Application

for Mobile network

Enhanced Logic

ASCIAdvanced Speech

Call Items

supplementedby external features:

Blue Tooth, WAP,..

Multi-

Band / ModeSatellite

Roaming

GSM

Phase2+

GPRSGeneral Packet

Radio Service

HSCSD

High Speed CircuitSwitched Data

Many other

Supplementary

Services

Ph2+ Solutions:

enhanced speech qualityuser-friendlinessworld-wide access &

HPLMN services

flexible service creation

fast transfer of large

data volumes

Platform for UMTS

GSM

Phase 2+

Solutions

EDGEEnhanced Data Rates

for the GSM evolution

mobile Multi Media:

Start with GSM Ph2+

Breakthrough:

3G (UMTS)

Fi 16 (TM2201EU04TM 0002 I t d ti 33)