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Principles of AAVTCLighting:
The Ins and Outs of Lighting in Various Forms of Media
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Introduction
• Lighting is an aspect of production that is common throughout many different mediums.
• Namely photography, video, and animation.
• A knowledge of lighting is required to create a specific mood or effect and to make sure the subject of your creation is visible in the way you want it to be seen.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Introduction
• Just as finding a subject can be challenging, so too is selecting the lighting that illuminates your subject(s) in the most effective manner.
• Training your eye to see/create dramatic light can take some self-training.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Types of Light
• Ambient light – Non-direct, soft lighting that comes from no direct source.
• Diffuse light – Light that has been spread out to cover a large area and has a neutral color.
• Hard light – This type of light comes directly from the source; it is not diffused.
• Natural light – Light that is not man-made.
• Artificial light – Light created by the use of a flash (not the sun).
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Why Learn Lighting?
• Oftentimes in photography or video, you will be in situations in which the lighting is less than ideal.
• Because of this, the use of artificial lighting is required to ensure that you get the best quality light in any situation without leaving it to chance.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Lighting Uses
• We’ll discuss the following:
• Key Light
• Fill Light
• Rim Light
• Hair Light
• In photography, video, and computer generated images, these lighting uses are all the same.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Working with Lighting
• In some situations, a single light source may be all that is required. In other situations, six or more lights may be needed to get the effect you are looking for.
• Whatever the situation, if you know what you are doing, getting the desired result will happen a lot faster.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Key Light
• The key light is always the MAIN LIGHT in your photograph.
• It has to be the brightest light.
• It casts the main shadows in your images and gives your subject volume.
• For these reasons, it is important that the key light always be placed off camera.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Fill Light
• The fill light illuminates shadows but has no direction.
• Ambient light is often used as a fill light because it fills in the shadows.
• A fill light should be very soft and very broad.
• You may add several to any given lighting setup, if needed.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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More on Fill Light
• The fill light is normally placed on the opposite side of the camera from the key.
• i.e., if the key is left of camera, the fill is right of camera.
• The fill light is normally set to half the power (or below) the key light.
• i.e., if the key is set to full power, the fill should be set to half power or lower.
• The fill light is always a lower height than the key. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Rim Light
• The rim light (sometimes called a back light) creates a bright line around the edge of the object to help visually separate the object from the background.
• The rim light provides separation and creates depth.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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More on the Rim Light
• There is no general consensus on just how bright a rim light should be.
• Depending upon the look you are going for, you may want a rim more powerful than your key.
• A rim light is set behind your subject and pointed towards the back of them.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Hair Light
• A hair light in a portrait setup adds dimension and drama to the image by accenting the shoulders and crown of the subject.
• The brightness of the hair light should never be the first thing you notice about a portrait.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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More on Hair Light• A hair light is always placed above a subject’s
head and pointed down…towards their hair.
• In terms of placement, a hair light doesn’t necessarily have to be directly above a subject, it can be in front of or behind your subject, but must be high enough to illuminate their hair.
• As a general rule, a hair light should be about 25% less powerful than your key.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Lighting Setups
• A lighting setup is a predetermined, proven arrangement of a set of lights in a manner that gives a certain type of look.
• You may choose want to use a certain lighting setup to achieve a specific mood or tone in your image, video, or animation.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Lighting Setups
• Let’s discuss the following lighting setups, why they’re important, the type of light they create, and how to go about creating them.
• We’ll discuss the following:
• Butterfly Lighting
• Three-Point Lighting
• Rembrandt Lighting
• Split LightingCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Butterfly Lighting
• Butterfly lighting (also known as “paramount” lighting) is popular for the clean, poppy look it can give a subject.
• This lighting can be recognized by the strong light falling on the forehead and by the distinct shadow under the subject’s nose that looks like a butterfly.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Butterfly Lighting Example
• How can you tell that this photo has a butterfly lighting setup?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Photo by Flickr Creative Commons user derricktakase
How to Setup Butterfly Lighting
• In any given butterfly lighting setup, the key light will be placed in front of and above the subject’s head and pointed down, towards them.
• The fill light will be half the power of the key and set below and in front of their face.
• A rim can be used, if needed, in the setup.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Three-Point Lighting
• Three-point lighting can be a simple starting-point for lighting just about any subject.
• We discussed functions served by key lights, fill lights, and back lights.
• A three-point lighting setup uses all three of these lights.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Example of a Three-Point Lighting image
• Can you identify all three light sources?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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How to Create a Three-Point Lighting Setup
• In any given three-point lighting setup, your key light will be to the left or right of the camera and setup to be the highest light.
• The fill light should be 60 degrees on the opposite side and set to about half (or lower) the power of they key and be lower.
• The rim light should be set somewhere behind your subject and be about as powerful as your fill.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Rembrandt Lighting
• The Rembrandt lighting technique is named after the Dutch painter Rembrandt, who often utilized the lighting setup in his paintings.
• It is ideal for creating lighting which looks natural and compelling by using a very small amount of equipment.
• Rembrandt lighting is characterized by the triangle opposite the subject’s nose on the less illuminated side of their face.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Example Image using Rembrandt Lighting
• What do you see in this image that lets you know it uses a Rembrandt lighting setup?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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How to Create a Rembrandt Lighting Setup
• Most Rembrandt lighting setups use a key light placed about 40-60 degrees from the subject.
• If more light is needed, a reflector (or small fill light) can be placed opposite the key.
• You can alter the size of the triangle on your subject’s face by moving around your key within the 40-60 range from your subject.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Split Lighting
• Split lighting is a popular lighting setup due to the sense of drama and mystery it can create in any given subject.
• For these reasons, it is very widely used in movies and animations but not as much in photography wherein you may want to see your subject’s entire face.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Split Lighting Example
• Notice how one side of the subject’s face is almost completely in shadows.
• Where was the key light placed in this photograph?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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How to Create a Split Lighting Setup
• To create a split lighting setup, you will need to place your key light 90 degrees to your subject (pointed right at the side of their head).
• The light should be placed at eye level to your subject.
• No other lights are used in a split lighting setup.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Lighting a Background
• When shooting subjects, you may want to illuminate your background so it will be completely white to make sure that your subject is the focal point of your image.
• Digitally, this is very easy and you just set up a white background.
• In photography and video, however, you will need to place lights that are pointed directly at your background to ensure that it is completely illuminated white.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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Review
• There will often be situations in which you have to create your own lighting.
• There are many different types of lighting including key, rim, fill, and hair lights.
• There different types of lighting setups including three-point lighting, butterfly lighting, Rembrandt lighting, and split lighting.
• Lighting a background correctly is also important to create a desired effect.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.
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