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012#$%&’() 3,(&%,&($.4))526&,$()!/$#1+7) · 2018. 6. 3. · E1I$/(’#);",$+-’#.) •! g...

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!"#$%&#’( *+,$(’%-"+. ’+/ 01"2"#$%&#’( 3,(&%,&($.4 5"26&,$( !"/$#1+7 BIOCH 590: Biomacromolecules, Part I Spring 2009 Copyright: Jianhan Chen Main References: 1. Chapter 3 of van Holde 2. Second half of Chapter 9 of Tinoco (pages 493-516) 8 3,(&%,&($9:&+%-"+ ;’(’/172 MTYKLILNGK TLKGETTTEA VDAATAEKVF KQYANDNGV DGEWTYDDA TKTFTVTE … 3,(&%,&(’# <$+"21%. =>!?@ A9(’BC ;(",$1+ .,(&%,&($ 6($/1%-"+. D *+,(1+.1% E1."(/$( F 5$##&#’( :&+%-"+. *+,(1+.1%’##B E1."(/$($/ ;(",$1+. =*E;.C G H&+%-"+’# 6(",$1+. ,I’, %’+ $J1., ’. /B+’21% $+.$2K#$. "H /1."(/$($/ .,(&%,&($. !"#$% ’()*+,-,.+/0- /,"#+1,"*L MN$( DOP "H $&Q’(B"-% 6(",$1+. ’($ 6($/1%,$/ ," K$ /1."(/$($/L 5(1-%’# 1+ %$##&#’( ($7&#’-"+ ’+/ .17+’# ,(’+./&%-"+L R##"S I17I .6$%1T%1,B S1,I #"S ’U+1,B4 .,(&%,&(’# 6#’.-%1,B H"( K1+/1+7 /1N$(.1,B ;’(-%&#’( 126"(,’+%$ 1+ %’+%$( ’+/ 6(",$1+ 21.H"#/1+7 /1.$’.$.L E$,$(21+’+, "H 3,(&%,&($ ="( V’%Q "H *,C ;("K’K1#1,B "H "K.$(N1+7 ’ 6’(-%&#’( .,(&%,&($ =%"+H"(2’-"+C 1. /$,$(21+$/ KB 1,. .,’K1#1,B =’. /$T+$/ KB ,I$ H($$ $+$(7BC WI$(2"/B+’21%. ’+/ .,’-.-%’# 2$%I’+1%.X >" .1+7#$ .,(&%,&($ 1. 2($ .,(&%,&($ *, 1. ’## ’K"&, 6("K’K1#1,B =.,’-.-%’# 2$%I’+1%.XC !"-"+. ’+/ Y$J1K1#1,B ’($ 126"(,’+, ,"" WI$ .,’K1#1,B /$6$+/. "+ ’ (’+7$ "H H’%,"(. *+,(’2"#$%&#’( 1+,$(’%-"+. 0"+/$/G %I$21%’# K"+/.@ ’+7#$.@ /1I$/(’#. $,% >"+K"+/$/G ZS$’Q[ 1+,$(’%-"+. 5I’(7$/9%I’(7$/@ N’+ /$( \’’#. =/1.6$(.1"+ ’+/ ($6&#.1"+C *+,$(2"#$%&#’( 1+,$(’%-"+.G +"+K"+/$/]S$’Q 1+,$(’%-"+. 5$##&#’( $+N1("+2$+,G ."#N$+, =S’,$(C@ 2$2K(’+$@ .’#,@ 6^ $,% R.."%1’-"+ S1,I ",I$( K1"2"#$%&#$.@ .2’## 2"#$%&#$.@ 1"+.@ $,% _ =%C ‘1’+I’+ 5I$+
Transcript
  • !"#$%'()*+,$('%-"+.)'+/)01"2"#$%'()3,(&%,&($.4))5"26&,$()!"/$#1+7)

    BIOCH 590: Biomacromolecules, Part I Spring 2009

    Copyright: Jianhan Chen

    Main References: 1. Chapter 3 of van Holde 2. Second half of Chapter 9 of Tinoco (pages 493-516)

    8)

    3,(&%,&($9:&+%-"+);'('/172)

    MTYKLILNGKTLKGETTTEAVDAATAEKVFKQYANDNGVDGEWTYDDATKTFTVTE …

    •! 3,(&%,&('#)

  • a&'+,&2)!$%I'+1%.)N.L)!"#$%'()!$%I'+1%.)

    •! a&'+,&2)2$%I'+1%.G)Z$J'%,[)'+/)2".,)'66#1%'K#$),")&+/$(.,'+/)%I$21%'#)($'%-"+.)–! 3$6'(',$)+&%#$1)'+/)$#$%,("+.)

    –! W"")$J6$+.1N$@)'+/)+",).&U%1$+,#B)'%%&(',$)

    –! >",)($#$N'+,)'.)2'+B)K1"#"71%'#)6("%$..$.)

    •! !"#$%'()2$%I'+1%.G)%#'..1%'#)2$%I'+1%.)',)2"#$%'()#$N$#)–! 5#'..1%'#),($',2$+,)"H)'##)',"2.)

    –! >")$#$%,("+@)+")%I$21.,(B)

    –! R##"S.)/$.%(16-"+)"H)#'(7$)2"#$%$.)

    –! bJ6$(12$+,'#)2$,I"/.)'N'1#'K#$),")/$,$(21+$),I$)Q$B)6'('2$,$(.)1+)')2"#$%'()2$%I'+1%'#),($',2$+,)

    •! ^BK(1/)a!]!!)–! a!)H"(),I$)'%-N$).1,$)=SI$($)($'%-"+)"%%&(.C)'+/)!!)H"(),I$)($.,)

    –! R%%&(',$),($',2$+,)"H)!!]a!)0"&+/'(B)1.)')6("K#$2)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) c)

    5#'..1%'#)!$%I'+1%.)

    •! W",'#)$+$(7BG)3&d&4&e&5&–! f1+$-%)$+$(7B)=4)d)678]89@)6",$+-'#)$+$(7B)g)=1L$L@)H"(%$)T$#/C&

    •! >$S,"+h.).$%"+/)#'S)"H)2"-"+G):&d&6&0)–! ?$#'-"+)"H)H"(%$)'+/)6",$+-'#)$+$(7BG):&d)9&;5];%&

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) i)

    !"#$%'();",$+-'#.))

    •! 0'.1%)H"(2G)g)d)gK"+/1+7)e)g+"+K"+/1+7)) ) ) ) ))))))d)=)jgK"+/)e)jg'+7#$)e)jg/1I$C)e)j=g$#$%)e)gN/SC)

    –! ) WI$)6",$+-'#)$+$(7B)1.)')H&+%-"+)"H)'##)%""(/1+',$.L)

    –! ) R//1-N1,B@)$261(1%'#@),('+.H$('K1#1,B))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) k)

    0"+/.)'+/)R+7#$.)

    •! gK"+/)d)QK"+/)=)()l)("C8)

    –! ^'(2"+1%)'66("J12'-"+)

    –! Mf)H"()K1"2"#$%$. ))

    •! g'+7#$)d)Q'+7#$)=)m)l)m"C8)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) n)

  • E1I$/('#);",$+-'#.)

    •! g/1I$)d)&"Cq))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) r)

    trans

    V= 3 ( 1 + cos ( 3 ! ) )

    E"&K#$)0"+/.G)"d8@);d9pnO)

    •! g)d)Q)=)p)e)%".=)8)!)9)pnOC)C)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pO)

    trans cis

    ?$'#1.-%)E1I$/('#);",$+-'#.)

    •! R%,&'#)/1I$/('#)6",$+-'#.)"s$+)I'N$)%"+,(1K&-"+.)S1,I)2-6#$)6$(1"/1%1-$.)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pp)

    b#$%,(".,'-%)*+,$('%-"+.)

    •! g$#$%)d)tpt8]_uvO()))) )5""2Kh.)V'S)–! vOG)6$(21wN1,B)%"+.,'+,)"H)N'%&&2)

    •! R).126#1T$/)H"(2G)g$#$%)d)DD8)tpt8]()–! \I$($)?)1.)&+1,)"H)$#$%,("+)%I'(7$@))%)1.)1+)x)'+/)5)1+)Q%'#]2"#L)

    •! E1$#$%,(1%)2$/1&2G))g$#$%)d)DD8)tpt8]v()–! v)1.)/1$#$%,(1%)%"+.,'+,)=($#'-N$)6$(21wN1,BCL))

    –! vdkn)H"()S',$()&+/$()#'K)%"+/1-"+.)=DOOf@)p',2C)

    p8)

    q1 q2 r

    V o

    r !

    V/!

    r (k

    cazl

    /mol)

    r (Å)

    1/r

    1/r2

  • E16"#$9E16"#$)*+,$('%-"+.)

    •! E16"#$)2"2$+,G)'(1.$)H("2)%I'(7$).$6'('-"+.)–! 2$'.&($),I$)Z6"#'(1,B[)"H)')2"#$%$)="()H('72$+,C)

    •! E16"#$9/16"#$)1+,$('%-"+.)–! :#B)1+%#&/$/)1H)'##)%I'(7$.),($',$/)$J6#1%1,#B)

    –! My$().126#1T%'-"+.)=KB)($/&%1+7),I$)+&2K$()"H),$(2.C)

    –! E$%'B.)H'.,$(G)p](D)/$6$+/$+%$)

    –! 36$%1'#)%'.$.G)6'('##$#)'+/)6$(6$+/1%'()"(1$+,'-"+.))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pD)

    q+ q- r

    µ = q r

    µ"

    µ#

    !#"

    !

    Vdd

    =µA

    •µB

    rAB

    3"3(µ

    A• r

    AB)(µ

    B• r

    AB)

    rAB

    5

    N'+)/$()\''#.)*+,$('%-"+.)

    •! V"+/"+)/1.6$(.1"+G)'z('%-N$)H"(%$.),I',)'(1.$)H("2),$26"('(B)/16"#$.)=1+/&%$/)/16"#$91+/&%$/)/16"#$)1+,$('%-"+.C)

    •! N'+)/$()\''#.)($6.1"+G)'##)',"2.)($6$#)',).I"(,)/1.,'+%$.)

    •! R)%"22"+)H&+%-"+)H"(2G)gN/S)d)!R](i)e)0](p8)

    •! V$++'(/9`"+$.)6",$+-'#)H&+%-"+)=p89iC)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) p_)

    V$++'(/9`"+$.);",$+-'#)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pc)

    r (Å)

    V (

    kca

    zl/m

    ol)

    " = 1, rmin = 1

    ^B/("7$+)0"+/.)

    •! g$(B)126"(,'+,)1+)2'%("2"#$%$).,(&%,&($.)

    •! ;(12'(1#B)')/16"#$9/16"#$)1+,$('%-"+@)K&,)'(7&'K#B)S1,I)."2$)%"N'#$+,)+',&($)=$#$%,("+).I'(1+7)1+)."9%'##$/)#"S)K'((1$()^0.C)

    •! WI$).,($+7,I)"H)^0.)N'(B)7($',#B)'+/)/$6$+/)"+),I$)$+N1("+2$+,.)=/1$#$%,(1%).%($$+1+7C)

    •! WI$)H&+%-"+'#)H"(2)H"()^0)1.)&+%#$'(L)–! Ms$+)2121%Q$/)KB)V$++'(/9`"+$.)6",$+-'#)

    –! R,)6($.$+,@)"s$+),($',$/)S1,I)$#$%,(".,'-%)e)N/\)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pi)

  • \I',)1.)')IB/("7$+)K"+/)S"(,I{)

    Secondary

    Structure

    Stability per

    H-bond

    Model Reference

    State

    Antiparallel

    !-sheet

    -2.8 [Ac-ala-NHMe]2 Infinite

    separation

    Ala-gly

    Type II turn

    -0.6 Ac-ala-gly-NHMe Extended

    Amide

    H-bond

    -0.3 [formamide]2 Infinite

    separation

    1st helical

    H-bond

    -0.2 Ac-(ala)3-NHMe extended

    2nd helical

    H-bond

    -0.4/-1.0 Ac-(ala)4-NHMe extended

    Ala-gly

    Type I turn

    2.6 Ac-ala-gly-NHMe extended

    Pro-gly

    Type I turn

    2.6 Ac-pro-gly-NHMe extended

    $9.I$$,.)%'+)I'N$)$J%$6-"+'#).,'K1#1,B)

    Small barrier and minimum associated with “naked” hydrogen bond, much more significant for beta-sheet model

    Tobias and Brooks CPL (1990)

    ^B/("6I"K1%)by$%,.)

    •! WI$)6("6$(,B),I',)+"+6"#'()."#&,$.)'77($7',$)1+)S',$()

    •! R(1.$)H("2)')%"2K1+'-"+)"H)$#$2$+,'#)6IB.1%'#)$y$%,.)–! E1y$($+%$)1+).,($+7,I.)."#&,$9S',$()'+/)S',$(9S',$()1+,$('%-"+.)

    –! E1y$($+%$)1+).I'6$.)=.1|$.C)"H)."#&,$.)'+/)S',$()

    –! g'(1"&.)$+,("61%)%"+,(1K&-"+.))

    •! M+$)"H),I$)Q$B)/(1N1+7)H"(%$.)H"().$#H9'..$2K#B)1+)K1"#"7B)–! 01"#"71%'#)2$2K('+$@)21%$##$)H"(2'-"+@)6(",$1+)H"#/1+7)})

    –! 5"26#$J),$26$(',&($)/$6$+/$+%$G)%"#/)/$+',&('-"+)"H)6(",$1+.)

    –! g$(B)/1U%,),")/$.%(1K$),I$"($-%'##BX)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) pr)

    WI$);(",$1+):"#/1+7);("K#$2)

    •! ^"S)/"$.),I$)6(12'(B)3$t&$+%$).6$%1HB),I$)+'-N$)H"#/{)=RT+.1+@)3%1$+%$@)prkDC)

    •! V$N1+,I'#h.);'('/"JG)I"S)6(",$1+)H"#/.),I1.)H'.,{)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8O)

    MTYKLILNGK TLKGETTTEA VDAATAEKVF KQYANDNGVD GEWTYDDATK TFTVTE

    10 conformations per residue, 10-11 (10 ps) per state

    1060 states for a 60-residue protein, >1040 years for random search !

    %fold < 1 second

  • E$,$(21+'+,)"H);(",$1+)3,(&%,&($)

    •! ;(1+%16#$.)Q+"S+@))K&,)')#"+7)S'B),")7")1+)t&'+-T%'-"+)

    •! f$B).,'K1#1|1+7)6IB.1%'#)1+,$('%-"+.)=IB/("7$+)K"+/.@)IB/("6I"K1%)$y$%,.@)$,%C)Q+"S+)–! ?$#'-N$)Z126"(,'+%$[)'+/)t&'+-T%'-"+)+",)%#$'()

    •! ?$'."+'K#$).&%%$..)1+)6('%-%$)"H).,(&%,&($)6($/1%-"+)'+/)%"26&,'-"+'#)6(",$1+)/$.17+)–! V'(7$#B)K'.$/)"+).,'-.-%'#)Q+"S#$/7$)"H)Q+"S+).,(&%,&($.)

    •! !&%I)2"($),")#$'(+)–! a&'+-,'-N$)+',&($)

    –! !$%I'+1.2.)"H)H"#/1+7)

    –! !1.H"#/1+7)'+/)'77($7'-"+)

    –! ;(",$1+)/B+'21%.))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8p)

    http://predictioncenter.org/

    01"#"71%'#)b+$(7B)3%'#$.)

    •! 5I$21%'#)K"+/.G) )59^)pOc)Q%'#]2"#@)5d5)pk8)Q%'#]2"#))))

    •! *"+1%)IB/('-"+G) )>'e)9rD)Q%'#]2"#@)5'8e)9DkD)Q%'#]2"#)))))

    •! ^B/("7$+)K"+/.G) )M}^))9c)Q%'#]2"#)=+"&70/!!6C@)%'+)K$)2&%I)S$'Q$()1+)."#&-"+)"()6(",$1+)$+N1("+2$+,&&&

    •! ;(",$1+).,'K1#1,BG& &@&89pO)Q%'#]2"#&=+"&*,-!1,"C&&&&&&

    •! ;(",$1+9E>R)K1+/1+7G&@&A>8B&Q%'#]2"#))=@8BB&C8&/,"20/2C)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 88)

    A quantitative model of proteins need to be able to predict several kcal/mol differences in (free) energy!

    This small energies result from a summation of many atom pairs (106-108)! Plus, entropic effects.

    This is extremely difficult, if ever possible!

    5R3;n)W'(7$,)WO_ci)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8D)

    PDB: 3dfa 286 residues

    http://www.predictioncenter.org/casp8/results.cgi

    5R3;n)W'(7$,)WOcpO)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8_)

    PDB: 3doa 44 residues

    http://www.predictioncenter.org/casp8/results.cgi

  • ^"S)6(",$1+.)H"#/{)

    •! Z5#'..1%'#[)&+/$(.,'+/1+7.)–! E1y&.1"+9%"##1.1"+)

    –! ^1$('(%I1%'#)H"#/1+7)

    –! R..$2K#B)"H)H"#/"+.)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8c)

    \"#B+$.)$,)'#L@)D/+$"/$)=prrcCL)

    The Energy Landscape Theory (arguably the prevailing theory)

    Diffusion and collision Karplus and Weaver, Biopolymers., 18, 1421 (‘77).

    Folding via modular assembly Ptitsyn and Rashin, Biophys. Chem., 3, 1 (‘75).

    WS")bJ%$##$+,)?$'/1+7.)

    •! ZWI$)6(",$1+)H"#/1+7)6("K#$2[@)E1##)$,)'#L@)R++&L)?$NL)01"6IB.L)8OOn@)DkG8nr9Dpi)–! R)7""/)"N$(N1$S)"H)%&(($+,)

    &+/$(.,'+/1+7)"H)6(",$1+)H"#/1+7)

    –! WI$)|1661+7)'+/)'..$2K#B)IB6",I$.1.)1.)1+,$($.-+7@)K&,)'.)')6($/1%-"+)2$,I"/),I$).&%%$..)I'.)K$$+)#121,$/)

    •! Z*+,$(H'%$.)'+/),I$)/(1N1+7)H"(%$)"H)IB/("6I"K1%)'..$2K#B[@)5I'+/#$(@)>',&($)8OOc@)_DkGi_O9i_k)–! M+$)"H),I$)2".,)($'/'K#$)'+/)

    1+H"(2'-N$)($N1$S.)"+)%&(($+,)&+/$(.,'+/1+7)"H)IB/("6I"K1%)$y$%,.)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) 8i)

    8k)

    0'.1%)5"26"+$+,.)"H)!"/$#1+7)

    A pioneering ball and stick atomic model set, 1860s

    Sampling

    The process of finding the optimal assembly of the basic model units.

    Force Field

    A set of basic model units and associated rules.

    http://www.sesame.org.jo/publication/NSLS.aspx Ethanol 8n)

    !"#$%'()!"/$#.)',)!-6#$)3%'#$.)

    increasing details and predicting power increasing difficulty and computational cost

    minimalist

    models

    all-atom / simplified potentials

    all-atom / molecular mechanics

    coarse-grained models

    quantum mechanics

    polar hydrophobic

    Minimalist models All-atom models

    Provide the ultimate details necessary for understanding most biophysical processes.

    Lattice models

  • 8r)

    !"#$%'()!$%I'+1%.)

    Classical Energy Functions

    torsions,i + & ki

    ! ! [1 + cos(ni !i - "i)]

    + & & #min - 2 +

    atoms,i i < j

    rmin rij

    ij rmin rij

    qi qj #rij

    “Force Field”

    CHARMM

    Amber

    OPLS

    bonds,i VMM = & ki

    b ! (bi - bi )2

    + & ki$ ! ($i - $i )

    2 angles,i

    Molecular Dynamics (MD) Monte Carlo (MC)

    mi r

    i = F

    i = -'V

    i P((r) = exp(-)V/kT)

    5^R?!!)6'('288):"(%$):1$#/)

    •! W"6"#"7B)T#$G)/$T+$),I$)K&1#/1+7)K#"%Q.)=',"2.@)%"++$%-N1-$.C))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) DO)

    MASS 1 H 1.00800 ! polar H!MASS 2 HC 1.00800 ! N-ter H!MASS 3 HA 1.00800 ! nonpolar H!

    …!

    RESI ALA 0.00!GROUP !ATOM N NH1 -0.47 ! |!ATOM HN H 0.31 ! HN-N!ATOM CA CT1 0.07 ! | HB1!ATOM HA HB 0.09 ! | /!GROUP ! HA-CA--CB-HB2!ATOM CB CT3 -0.27 ! | \!ATOM HB1 HA 0.09 ! | HB3!ATOM HB2 HA 0.09 ! O=C!ATOM HB3 HA 0.09 ! |!GROUP !!ATOM C C 0.51!ATOM O O -0.51!BOND CB CA N HN N CA O C !BOND C CA C +N CA HA CB HB1 CB HB2 CB HB3 !IMPR N -C CA HN C CA +N O !DONOR HN N !…!

    atom types

    residue blocks

    name type charge

    atom compositions

    connectivity

    excerpted from: top_all22_prot.inp

    5^R?!!)6'('288):"(%$):1$#/)

    •! ;'('2$,$()T#$G)/$T+$),I$)6'('2$,$(.)"H)1+,$('%-"+.))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) Dp)

    …!BONDS!C C 600.000 1.3350 ! ALLOW ARO HEM! ! Heme vinyl substituent (KK, from propene (JCS))!CA CA 305.000 1.3750 ! ALLOW ARO! ! benzene, JES 8/25/89!…!ANGLES!CA CA CA 40.000 120.00 35.00 2.41620 ! ALLOW ARO! ! JES 8/25/89!CE1 CE1 CT3 48.00 123.50 ! !

    ! !! for 2-butene, yin/adm jr., 12/95!…!DIHEDRALS!C CT1 NH1 C 0.2000 1 180.00 ! ALLOW PEP! ! ala dipeptide update for new C VDW Rmin, adm jr., 3/3/93c!C CT2 NH1 C 0.2000 1 180.00 ! ALLOW PEP! ! ala dipeptide update for new C VDW Rmin, adm jr., 3/3/93c!…!NONBONDED nbxmod 5 atom cdiel shift vatom vdistance vswitch -!cutnb 13.0 ctofnb 12.0 ctonnb 10.0 eps 1.0 e14fac 1.0 wmin 1.5 ! !adm jr., 5/08/91, suggested cutoff scheme!C 0.000000 -0.110000 2.000000 ! ALLOW PEP POL ARO! ! NMA pure solvent, adm jr., 3/3/93!CA 0.000000 -0.070000 1.992400 ! ALLOW ARO! ! benzene (JES)!

    excerpted from: par_all22_prot.inp

    ;'('2$,$(1|'-"+)"H):"(%$):1$#/.)

    •! 0"+/$/),$(2.G).6$%,(".%"6B)"()t&'+,&2)2$%I'+1%.)

    •! V$++'(/9`"+$.G)32'##)2"#$%'()%(B.,'#.)

    •! b#$%,(".,'-%G)t&'+,&2)2$%I'+1%.)=T,)2"+"6"#$.),")$#$%,(".,'-%)6",$+-'#C)

    •! !'+B)%I'##$+7$.)1+)6('%-%$)–! SI1%I)=2"/$#C)2"#$%$.G)'N'1#'K1#1,B@)($6($.$+,'-N$)"()+",)))

    –! I"S)2'+B)',"21%)%#'..$.G),('+.H$('K1#1,B)'+/),('%,'K1#1,B)

    –! \I1%I)6("6$(-$.),")6'('2$,$(1|$)H"({)

    –! 5"(($#'-"+)"H)6'('2$,$(.)

    –! ^17I$()"(/$(]+$S),$(2.)"()+",{)

    –! b#$%,("+)6"#'(1|'-"+@)+"+9'//1-N1,B@)}))

    –! S',$(@)S',$(@)'+/)S',$()

    •! R,),I$)$+/@)/"),I$B)'//)&6{)=%'+%$##'-"+)"H)$(("(.C)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) D8)

  • b+$(7B)!1+121|'-"+)

    •! !1+121|'-"+)H"##"S.)7('/1$+,)"H)6",$+-'#),")1/$+-HB).,'K#$)6"1+,.)"+)$+$(7B).&(H'%$))–! V$,)g=JC)d)Q)=J9JOC

    8))

    –! 0$71+)',)Jh@)I"S)/")S$)T+/)JO)1H)S$)/"+h,)Q+"S)g=JC)1+)/$,'1#{))•! )^"S)%'+)S$)2"N$)H("2)Jh),")JO{))

    –! )3,$$6$.,)/$.%$+,)=3ECG))•! Jh)! Jh)d)Je()))

    •! ()d)9/J)~g=JC])~J)d)9/J)Q=J9)JOC))

    –! WI1.)2"N$.)&.@)/$6$+/1+7)"+))

    ))))),I$).,$6).1|$)/J@),"S'(/)JOL))

    –! M+)').126#$)I'(2"+1%).&(H'%$@)S$))

    )))))S1##)($'%I),I$)21+12&2@)JO@)1L$L))

    )))))%"+N$(7$@)1+)')%$(,'1+)+&2K$()"H))

    ))))).,$6.)($#',$/),")/JL))

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) DD)

    x0 x’

    !"#$%'()EB+'21%.)•! MK$%-N$G)(p=,C@)}@)(>=,C)!)(p=,e),C@)}@)(>=,)e),C)

    •! 0'.1%)1/$'G)."#N$)>$S,"+h.)$t&'-"+)"H)2"-"+)+&2$(1%'##B)–! gb)=21%("%'+"+1%'#)9)b+,("6B)($.XC))

    •! >gW)=5'+"+1%'#)9)^$#2I"#,|)H($$)$+$(7B)1.)($#$N'+,@)RC))–! ,$26$(',&($)W)d)2N8]=DQ0C))

    •! >;W)=*.",I$(2'#91."K'(1%)9)

  • 0'.1%):#"S)"H)')!E)312'-"+)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) Dk)

    ?$'/)1+),I$)H"(%$)T$#/)=,"6"#"7B)'+/)6'('2$,$()T#$.C)

    ?$'/)1+),I$)6(",$1+).$t&$+%$)'+/)

    7$+$(',$)6(",$1+).,(&%,&($)T#$)=;3:C)

    PSF: a computer model or representation of the protein

    given the force field, including all atoms, their connectivities and how they interact, etc.

    ?$'/)1+),I$)1+1-'#)%""(/1+',$.)

    M6-"+'#)b+$(7B)21+121|'-"+)

    M6-"+'#)bt&1#1K('-"+)!E)

    ;("/&%-"+)!EG),B6$)"H)1+,$7(',"(@),I$(2"/B+'21%)N'(1'K#$.)=W@);@)$,%C@)

    .12'-"+)#$+7,I@)"&,6&,)"6-"+.)=T#$)+'2$.@)S(1,$)H($t&$+%1$.)$,%C@)})

    >"+K"+/$/)"6-"+.@);05@)($.,('1+,)6",$+-'#.@)$,%)

    3,(&%,&('#)'+/),('$%,"(B)'+'#B.1.)

    \IB)1.)!E).").#"S{)

    •! N$(B).2'##)-2$).,$6)($t&1($/))

    •! "2&)H.)=pO9pc).C)•! 1+,$('%-"+.)K$,S$$+)

    ,I"&.'+/.)"H)',"2.)+$$/),")K$)%"26&,$/)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) Dn)

    Channel-forming peptides in a fully solvated membrane bilayer;

    Channel: 1795 atoms; All: 26254 atoms

    Simulated Time

    1 ns (10-9 s) (500,000 MD steps)

    CPU Time

    ~200 hours (106 s)

    Wall Time

    ~1 days (105 s) / 8 CPUs

    01"#"71%'#)W12$)3%'#$)

    •! 0"+/)N1K('-"+.) ) )p)H.)=pO9pc).C)

    •! 3&7'()($6&%Q$(1+7) ) )p)6.)=pO9p8).C))

    •! E>R)K$+/1+7) ) ) )p)+.)=pO9r).C))

    •! E"2'1+)2"N$2$+,) )p)2.)=pO9i).C))

    •! 0'.$)6'1()"6$+1+7) ) )p)2.)=pO9D).C))

    •! W('+.%(16-"+) ) ) )8Lc)2.)])+&%#$"-/$))

    •! ;(",$1+).B+,I$.1.) ) )iLc)2.)])'21+")'%1/))

    •! ;(",$1+)H"#/1+7) ) ))pO).)=.6$$/)#121,G)µ.C))

    •! ?>R)#1H$-2$) ) ) ))DOO).)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) Dr)

    Simulation time should exceed the time scale of interest by ~10-fold !

    _O)

    200 residues)

    Protein Folding, Conformational Transitions

    Internal Dynamics

    Bond Vibrations

    Peptides (~10 residues)

    Small Proteins (

  • ;('%-%'#)5"+.1/$('-"+.)

    •! V"+79('+7$)H"(%$.)–! .1+7)%&,9"y),")($/&%$),I$)+&2K$()"H)

    +"+K"+/$/)',"2)6'1(.)=)p89pcxC)

    –! b#$%,(".,'-%)/$%'B.).#"S1+7)=p](C)'+/)%&,)"y)/"$.)+",)S"(Q)S$##4);'(-%#$)!$.I)bS'(/)=;!bC)1.)+$$/$/L)

    •! ;'('##$#)$J$%&-"+))–! ;'(--"+)N'(1"&.)($71"+.)"H),I$).B.,$2),")

    /1y$($+,)5;.)

    –! >$$/),")%"22&+1%',$)1+H"(2'-"+)K$,S$$+)+"/$.4),I1.)1.)')K"z#$+$%Q)

    •! 3126#1T%'-"+.)"H),I$)2"/$#)

    •! b+I'+%$/).'26#1+7),$%I+1t&$.)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _p)

    Shaw JCC (2005)

    van Gunsteren Angew Chem Int Ed (2006)

    *26#1%1,)3"#N$+,)

    •! 3"#N$+,)1+%($'.$.),I$).B.,$2).1|$)'K"&,)pO9H"#/)

    •! *,)1.)6"..1K#$),")/$.%(1K$),I$)2$'+)1+Y&$+%$)"H)S',$()S]")$J6#1%1,#B)1+%#&/1+7)S',$())

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _8)

    Explicit solvent Protein: 56 residues (855 atoms)

    Solvent: 5411 waters (16233 atoms)

    Implicit solvent Hybrid macroscopic (solvent) /

    microscopic (solute)

    5"'(.$9

  • _c)

    REP1!

    REP2!

    REP3!

    REP4!

    300 K

    355 K

    420 K

    500 K

    MD/MC MD/MC

    REP2!

    REP1!

    REP3!

    REP4!

    REP2!

    REP3!

    REP1!

    REP4!

    ?

    ? ?

    b+I'+%$/)3'26#1+7)W$%I+1t&$.)

    Exchange criteria

    Sugita and Okamoto, CPL (1999); MMTSB Tool Set: http://mmtsb.scripps.edu!

    Protein Energy Surface

    *

    MD/MC

    Replica Exchange (REX)

    R66#1%'-"+.)"H)!"/$#1+7)

    •! !'1+)'/N'+,'7$.)–! My$()',"21.-%).6'-'#)($."#&-"+)'+/)H$2,".$%"+/)-2$)($."#&-"+)

    –! R##"S)6("K1+7),I$).B.,$2)1+)2'+B)+"+,(1N1'#)S'B.),I',)'($)+",)6"..1K#$)"(),"")/'+7$("&.)$J6$(12$+,'##B)

    –! Ms$+)2&%I)%I$'6$(),I'+)/"1+7),I$)$J6$(12$+,)1,.$#H)

    –! 5'+)K$)'66#1$/)',)N$(B)#'(7$).%'#$.)=%"26&,$(.)'($)%I$'6C)

    –! 5'+)6("N1/$),I$"($-%'#)H('2$S"(Q.)H"()$J6$(12$+,'#).,&/1$.)

    •! R)H$S)6(",",B61%'#)'($'.)–! ;(",$1+).,(&%,&($)6($/1%-"+)'+/)%'#%'-"+)

    –! g1(,&'#).%($$+1+7)'+/)('-"+'#)/(&7)/$.17+)

    –! 312'-"+)"H)126"(,'+,).B.,$2.G)2$%I'+1.2.)

    –! *+,$(6($,'-"+)"H)=.,'-%C)$J6$(12$+,'#)/',')

    –! ;(",$1+)21.H"#/1+7)'+/)'77($7'-"+)

    –! 01"2"#$%'()$+71+$$(1+7G)/$.17+)"H)+$S)$+|B2$.)$,%)

    –! })=%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _i)

    >!?)3,(&%,&($)?$T+$2$+,)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _k)

    Initial Model from CNS

    REX/GB Refinement

    Refined Model

    1 day later

    PDB: 1XJH

    1 month later

    Chen et. al., JACS (2004); Chen et al., J. Biomol NMR (2004).!

    :&+%-"+'#)!"-"+.)"H)?1K"."2$)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _n)

    W'2')$,)'#L);("%)>',)R%'/)3%1@)"##$rDpr)=8OODCL)

    ZWI1.)2"N1$)/$61%,.)')(',%I$,9#1Q$)($'(('+7$2$+,)"H),I$)kO3)(1K"."2$L)WI$)(",'-"+)"H),I$)DO3)(1K"."2'#).&K&+1,)($#'-N$),"),I$)cO3).&K&+1,).I"S.)I17I)%"(($.6"+/$+%$),")2"-"+)%'6,&($/)1+)%(B"9b!)2'6.)"H),I$)(1K"."2$)'+/)6".,',$/),")K$)')Q$B)2$%I'+1%'#).,$6)1+),I$),('+.#"%'-"+)"H),I$)2?>R,?>R.)%"26#$JL)Z)

    http://brooks.chem.lsa.umich.edu/

  • \I',)/")S$)+$$/),")%"+.1/$({)

    =%C)`1'+I'+)5I$+) _r) see also, Bionanotechnology D.S. Goodsell 2004 Wiley

    500 Å


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