01A - ASST 2010 Dasar2, Introduct

STRUCTURAL ANALYSISSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

WHAT IS A STRUCTURE ?

Structure system consist of a series of connected parts.

Example: BuildingBridgeTowerDam

Jurusan Teknik Sipil ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo

Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada Program S1 01B-01a

INTRODUCTION

Parts or Elementsof Structures



Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada Program S1 01B-01b

INTRODUCTION

Struktur pada bangunan2 Teknik Sipil seringkali mengadopsi ataumeniru sistim struktur dari alam.Misalnya:1. Rangka tubuh manusia2. Struktur pohon3. Sarang laba-laba4. Cangkang kerang

STRUCTURES IN THE NATURE



Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada Program S1 01B-01c

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURES IN THE NATURE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSISSTRUCTURAL ANALYSISINTRODUCTION

Parts or Elementsof Structures

Column (Kolom)

Slab (Plat lantai)

Beam (Balok)

Foundation (Fondasi)


Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada Program S1 01B-02


FUNCTION OF STRUCTUREThe basic function of any structure is to support loads andtransmit them to the ground.

Building:The building structure supports the roof, floors, walls and their loads and transmit them through the foundation to the ground.

Structure

Foundation

INTRODUCTION




FUNCTION OF STRUCTUREBridge:The bridge structure supports a deck which allows the passage of pedestrians and vehicles, than transmit all of these loads (incl. selfweight of the bridge) through piers, abutments and foundations to the ground.

INTRODUCTION




FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE

Other structures carry other types of loads:

Dam Water Retaining Wall Earth

INTRODUCTION




DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CIV. ENG. STRUCTURE

General Process:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

INTRODUCTION



Data:geometri bangunan,

beban, bahan dll.

Proses hitungan:analisis beban, analisis struktur,

perancangan elemenGambar2,

RKS/Spec., RAB


DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CIV.ENG. STRUCTUREPengumpulan Data:- Fungsi Bangunan- Ukuran/Geom. Struktur- Bahan Bangunan- Peraturan2 / Standard2- Keadaan Tanah & Lingk.

Modelisasi:Struktur Riil Model Struktur

Analisis Beban; Perkiraan Dimensi Elemen2 Str

Analisis Struktur Perancangan Elemen2 Struktur

Kontrol Kapasitas & Tegangan

pada Elemen2 Str.

PelaksanaanPekerjaan Struktur

Tidak !

Gambar Detail Struktur

Ya!

INTRODUCTION




ROLE OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN THE DESIGN OF CIV. ENG. STRUCTURE

Analisis Struktur bukan merupakan tahapan akhir dalam proses perancangan.

Analisis Struktur merupakan `alat yang digunakan untuk mendukung proses perancangan.

Analisis Struktur membantu perancang struktur dalam membuatkeputusan2 penting dalam proses perancangan.

INTRODUCTION




OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

To obtain effects of the loading supported by the structure:

1. Distribution of internal forces

2. Deformation of the structure

LOAD

REACTION REACTION

Internal Forces= Deformation




STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS:

INTRODUCTION

1. Strengh

2. Stiffness

------------------

3. Durability

4. Economic

5. Aesthetic




STRUCTURAL FORMS

INTRODUCTION

The decision as to the form of a structure rests with the structural designer and is governed by: - the purpose for which the structure is required, - the materials that are to be used and - any aesthetic considerations that may apply.

Structures, for construction and analysis purposes, are divided into a number of structural elements, although an element ofone structure may, in another situation, form a complete structure in its own right.




STRUCTURAL FORMS

INTRODUCTION

... in its own right.

For example, a beam may support afoot-path across a stream,

or...

beam as a part of a large framework

Simple beam

Building frame

beam




STRUCTURAL FORMS

INTRODUCTION

Beam

Beam




As spans increase, the use of beams to support bridge decks becomes uneconomical. For moderately large spans, trusses may be used. Trusses carry loads by developing axial forces in their members, and their depth, for the same span and load, is larger than that of a beam but, because of the skeletal nature of their construction, will be lighter.

For example:the Warren truss shown is typical of thoseused in bridge construction;other geometries form roof supportsand also carry bridge decks.

Truss

STRUCTURAL FORMS




STRUCTURAL FORMS

Truss




Portal frames are commonly used in building construction and generally comprise arrangements of beams and columns.

Portal

beam

column

rigid joint

STRUCTURAL FORMS




Portal

STRUCTURAL FORMS




The use of trusses to support bridge decks becomes impracticable for longer than moderate spans. In this Situation arches are often used.

Bridge Deck

ArchColumn

Bridge Deck

ArchHanger

STRUCTURAL FORMS




Arch

STRUCTURAL FORMS




For exceptionally long-span bridges, and sometimes for shortspans, cables are used to support the bridge deck. Generally, the cables pass over saddles on the tops of towers and are fixed ateach end within the ground by massive anchor blocks. The cablescarry hangers from which the bridge deck is suspended

STRUCTURAL FORMS




Cable Structure Suspension BridgeSTRUCTURAL FORMS




Other structural forms include:

- plate and slabs, which are used as floors in buildings, as raft foundations and as bridge decks,

- and continuum structures which include shells, folded plate roofs, arch dams, etc.;

Generally, continuum structures require computer-based methodsof analysis.




SUPPORT SYSTEMINTRODUCTION

The loads applied to a structure are transferred to its foundations by its supports. In practice supports may be complex, in which case they are idealized into a form that may readily be analysed.

PIN SUPPORT (tumpuan sendi):Thus a support that: - allows rotation, but

- prevents translation

in practice: represented for analysis purposes by the idealizedform:




Tumpuan sendi dapat menahan gaya horisontal dan vertikal,tetapi tidak dapat menahan momen.

TUMPUAN SENDI

RV

RH




TUMPUAN SENDI




ROLLER SUPPORT (tumpuan rol):Thus a support that: - allows rotation, but

- prevents translation in direction perpendi-cular to its bearing plate





TUMPUAN ROL

Tumpuan rol hanya dapat menahan gaya tegak lurus pada bidang tumpunya, dan tidak dapat menahan momen




FIX SUPPORT (tumpuan jepit):Thus a support that: - prevents translation and rotation in all

directions




Str. Baja

Str. Beton


TUMPUAN JEPIT

Tumpuan jepit dapat menahan gaya vertikal maupun horisontal dan dapat menahan momen




TUMPUAN JEPIT




Resume:Support conditionsand itscharacteristics




STRUCTURAL IDEALIZATIONGenerally, structures are complex and must be idealized or sirnplified into a form that can be analysed.

INTRODUCTION

This building can be idealized as 2D as well as 3D frame:




This bridge structure can be idealized as 2D as well as 3D truss:




UNIT SYSTEMWe use the SI Unit

INTRODUCTION

Lenght Force Mass Temperatur Time

Meter (m) Newton (N) kilogram (kg) Celcius (C) Second




Static equilibrium

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01A - ASST 2010 Dasar2, Introduct

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