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Accelerating Progress inEnergy & GHG ReductionsEnergy & GHG Reductions
Campus Consortium on Environmental Excellence
May 13, 2013
Agenda
• Energy Context
• University Goals & Progress
• Building on Lessons Learned to Date• Building on Lessons Learned to Date
• Open Discussion
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Energy Context
• Procurement
• Generation
• Demand
All three functions are all handled within
Utilities and Engineering.
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Procurement
• Yale purchases:
– electricity (to supplement what we generate)
– gas (to generate electricity, steam, and chilled water)
– diesel, fuel oil #2, propane (to lesser extent used as back-up)– diesel, fuel oil #2, propane (to lesser extent used as back-up)
• Local suppliers: UI & SCG
• Purchase real-time, block load, negotiated contracts
• End-users pay fully-loaded variable rate
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Generation
Sterling Power Plant Central Power Plant
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Generation
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Demand
• 296 Buildings ~ 16.5M GSF
• 3.6M MMBTU ~ $76M ~ 218 kBTU/GSF
• 19,000 CT households ~ 47,500 CT residents• 19,000 CT households ~ 47,500 CT residents
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Demand
• 25 buildings represent 50% of energy use
– Average EUI = 335 kBTU/GSF
• 45 represent 70%
• 65 represent 80%
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Demand
65 Buildings:
• 2 Museums
• 3 Libraries
• 2 Athletic Buildings TAC #1 BCMM #2• 2 Athletic Buildings
• 9 Residential Colleges
• 1 Dining
• 3 Academic~Admin
• 45 Labs~Clinics~CriticalResearch
TAC #1
KBT #3
BCMM #2
SML #10
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Demand DataYale
ALL METERED DATA CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH www.facilities.yale.edu/public/Energy.html
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Demand Data
Custom application created for Yale facilities in 2005.
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
University Goals
• Reduce GHG emissions 10% below 1990 by 2020
• Reduce energy use 4% below 2010 by 2013
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
University Goals
61,12590,457
281,010
290,602
250,000
300,000
350,000
Conservation & EfficiencyConservation & Efficiency
"Business As Usual" Emissions
50,000
1,145
3,145
218,740
147,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
On-campus Renewable
On-campus Renewable
Off-campus Renewable
Actual Emissions
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Progress
• Design Standards & Innovative New Buildings $13M
• Central Utilities: SPP Cogeneration $72M
• Projects $18M
End of FY12: 62,000 MTCDE Reduction, $103M, 8-year SPP
• Projects $18M
– Retro-commissioning & Temperature Standards
– Lighting & Occupancy Sensors
– Envelope Upgrades
– VFDs
– Heat Recovery
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Accelerating Progress
2005 20202012 201316% 27%
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
• 2005-2012: 16% reduction in total GHG
• 2013-2020: 27% reduction in total GHG
Accelerating Progress: New Goal
• Reduce GHG emissions 10% below 1990 by 2020
• Reduce energy use 4% below 2010 by 2013
• FY13: Save $2.9M in energy expenditures
Energy Procurement~20%$580K
Power Plant Efficiency~20%$580K
Campus Building Efficiency~60%$1.74M
55% Central/Science5% WC
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
How are we doing so far?• Projections – West Campus
• Projects – free cooling, miscellaneous
• TOD & Settings – some impact but overall need to impact but overall need to be more aggressive
• Tools – Plant dispatch, scorecards, biweekly meetings, surveys, engagement
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
What’s ahead of us?
• Major projects : SOM, KCL, School of Nursing
• Generation: Repowering CPP, 1 MW of Solar
• Controls system upgrades: hardware,
programming, analytics, schedulingprogramming, analytics, scheduling
• Laboratory initiatives
• Libraries & Cultural Properties: Preservation standards
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Accelerating Progress
• Momentum! Our focus during FY13 makes clear limitations (and therefore opportunities) within our system
2005 20202012 201316% 27%
limitations (and therefore opportunities) within our system
• Build on lessons learned to date & lessons still learning….
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Learned
• LEED Platinum
• Kroon: 23 kBTU/GSF
• Average: 100 kBTU/GSF
• Two-year learning curve
• Intensive metering & commissioning
• Dedicated occupants
• Constant attention
Kroon Hall #175
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Learned“New complex green buildings require dedication & two years to reach performance.”
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Learned• Central Campus Chiller Plant
– Provides for non-mechanical cooling
– Savings equate to $150,000 annually
– Operational as of early January 2013
– Campus load served ~ 1,500 tons– Campus load served ~ 1,500 tons
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Learned
“Operational leaps of faith and (manageable) risk can pay off.”
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Still Learning
• Spring 2012: Outreach and scheduling
• Since Fall 2012:– Night surveys
– Winter Recess “Opt Out”– Winter Recess “Opt Out”
– Ongoing adjustments to schedules
• Communication critical
What is the best way to schedule buildings and laboratories?
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Lessons Still Learning
• “Energy Advisory”
– Facility Superintendents: Influence behavior of building users
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
– Business Officers: Pilot incentive program at department level
How are individuals, groups, and departments motivated to use less energy on campus?
Accelerating Progress: Discussion
1. New Complex Buildings:
How do you prepare for successful operations?
2. Operational Change:
What is your experience with operational “leaps of faith?”
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
What is your experience with operational “leaps of faith?”
3. Scheduling Campus Systems:
How do you schedule buildings and labs so they “turn off?”
4. Behavior Incentives:
How are people motivated to use less energy on campus?
Thank you
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Discussion
Topic 1: New Buildings
As new buildings on campus are becoming more complex and unique, how do you manage design review and prepare for
successful operations? How are successful operations? How are operations and physical plant staff (really) prepared and trained for complex new
buildings?
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
DiscussionTopic 2: Operational Change
What is your experience with operational leaps of faith? Any operational leaps of faith? Any
specific examples? What do you do to minimize issues?
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Discussion
Topic 3: Scheduling Campus Systems
How do you handle scheduling buildings and laboratories on
campus so that systems are not campus so that systems are not operating when they are not
needed?
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Discussion
Topic 4: Behavior Incentives
How are students, faculty, and staff motivated to use less energy on
campus? What has been successful campus? What has been successful short term and longer term?
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
Understanding Efficiency w/ Easy Metrics
• $1.6M in Central energy is $12,175 / building
• $0.17 / GSF
• Based on typical use…this would be:
~ 3-1/2 hours of typical lighting / day
Yale
~ 3-1/2 hours of typical lighting / day
~ 3 hours of typical ventilation / day
~ 5-1/2 hours of typical office equipment / day
~ Temperature setting adjustments depend….
Yale Office of Facilities, Utilities and Engineering
• Time of day scheduling
• Recess shut-down
• Occupancy
How do we use the building?Yale
What is your building schedule? Weekdays & Weekend? Can it change?
Is there any reason why the building should not shutdown during recess?
Are there unoccupied spaces?
• Set-points and controls
• Passive strategies
• Expected performance
• Local exceptions
How does the building use equipment?Yale
Temperature policy? Occupancy sensors? What are the FAQs from your occupants? What do you see: outside air inspections, simultaneous heating
& cooling, localized special use?
• Upgrades to equipment with better efficiency
How does the equipment use energy?Yale
What types of project ideas should come to us? What types of changes can be addressed with a
service order?
How much energy does the building use?Yale
ALL METERED DATA CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH www.facilities.yale.edu/public/Energy.html
How much energy does each of your buildings use? Total energy? Energy per SF? Energy per occupied
hour? Energy split?
Is that good or bad?Yale
Is that good or bad?Yale
Is that good or bad?
Good if….the building is using…
less this year than last…
Yale
less this year than last…less than other peer buildings….
as much as designed for…less than target.