Design Computing
02. BIM (Building Information Modeling) & Revit
3/12/2015Digital Design I | HOM3034 | Spring 2015 | Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. – 5:50 pm
Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D. 02-2220-2645 | [email protected] Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University
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What to do today
1. Lecture: Intro to BIM
2. Discussion: Reading Assignments
3. Lab exercises: Revit without experiences
1. How to install Revit
2. Running Revit & look around interfaces
3. Model your building information using Revit – without experiences
4. Requirements: All lab exercises outcome files should be submitted in “Shared Folder”
Appropriate images in JPG format. Try to get your best render shots!
History of Computing ?
Breaking Enigma, designing buildings, and doing everything by computers
Right brain vs Left brain: Do you see the dancer turning
RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
• uses feeling• "big picture" oriented• imagination rules• symbols and images• present and future• philosophy & religion• can "get it" (i.e. meaning)• believes• appreciates• spatial perception• knows object function• fantasy based• presents possibilities• impetuous• risk taking
LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
• uses logic• detail oriented• facts rule• words and language• present and past• math and science• can comprehend• knowing• acknowledges• order/pattern perception• knows object name• reality based• forms strategies• practical• safe
Counter-clockwise: Left brain Clockwise: Right brain
Right brain vs Left brain
RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
• uses feeling• "big picture" oriented• imagination rules• symbols and images• present and future• philosophy & religion• can "get it" (i.e. meaning)• believes• appreciates• spatial perception• knows object function• fantasy based• presents possibilities• impetuous• risk taking
LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
• uses logic• detail oriented• facts rule• words and language• present and past• math and science• can comprehend• knowing• acknowledges• order/pattern perception• knows object name• reality based• forms strategies• practical• safe
Logic + Sensibility
Language + Images
Scientific + Conceptual
Practical + Imaginary
Design Computing
History of Computing + Design
A Short Timeline of Computer Aided Design
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
First CAD System:Ivan Sutherland & Steven Coons, SketchPAD, MIT, 1961
Greenberg, Donald P. Computer Graphics in Architecture. Scientific American 230: 98-106, 1974
Popular CAD: AutoCAD1990 example on a Mac
Autodesk Revit 2012Market-leading BIM Tool
First Solid ModelerFirst CAD
First 3D Building
First Parametric Modeler
CATIA
Revit: Parametric Modeler in AEC
iPhone, iPadWWW SketchUP
History of computer-aided design is a history of understanding what is design
The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D
The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D
The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling
The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling
The design is the integrated representation of
all the compositional, analytical and fabrication
representations of the product
(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling
H
WD
Parameters:H, W, D
+ Information
Information Modeling
CAADRIA 2015 video demo
Digital Design ?
Projection Mapping + Interior Design examples
Indoor Projection Mapping - Video Mapping Interior_(720p)
Projection Mapping at Osha Restaurant_(720p)
3D Room Video Mapping Projection - London Design Week (100%Design)_(1080p)
Digital Design I Class consists of:
Design Computing Theories and Lab Exercises
- BIM & Parametric Modeling : Revit & Vasari- 3d Modeling & Rendering : 3ds MAX- Design presentation by Animation & Movie
: 3ds MAX, Photoshop, AfterEffect, Power Director, etc.
One of Advanced Design Computing: BIM
Conventional Design Computing
Drafting
Modeling
Rendering
Animation
… Visualizations
Focusing on geometric shapes
Let computers do what we have drawn
New direction of Design Computing: Information Modeling
Focusing on information
Let computers do what we have done
Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling
Two representations
are very close.
Computationally,
very different.
Building Information Modeling Approach
Quotes in Architectural Design
“Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”
- Philip Johnson
“All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or
stimulates the persons in that space.”
- Philip Johnson
“Architecture is music in space, as it were a frozen music”
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
“Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.”
- Mies van der Rohe
We design spaces! Do you?
Do you design “lines” or “spaces”?Do you design “geometric shapes” or “building objects”?
What you design for?1. Walls
2. Windows, doors
3. Ceiling, slab, column
4. Furniture, any design elements
5. Space, filled with all above
What you really design in conventional CAD systems? (AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, etc)
- Two parallel lines representing a “wall”
- A series of lines representing the geometry of the bottom footprint of “walls”
- A 900mm line and an arc that representing a “door”
- A 900 X 1800 X 50 3d box object with a wood map, representing a “table top”
- A series of geometric shapes representing your image of “design”
Back to fundamentals:
Why don’t we design “Space” and “Walls” rather than “line” and “polygons”?
This approach is already implemented in recently developed BIM tools.
BIM tools are still the means of design, but totally different approach.
CAD evolves into BIM Not just evolving from 2d to 3d
GUID (Globally Unique ID)
Name: “Office”
Zone Name: “Leasing Spaces”
Space Number: 250
Floor, Spatial Topology
NET Area, Height, Volume...
Relations, Topology Data
3D Geometry Data
Space Object Instance contains “information”
“Rectangular Shape” in a CAD model
“Space Object” in a BIM model
“Office” Labeled Polygon
Label Text: “Office”
Layer Label Text:
“Level 1”
2D or 3D Dummy
Geometry
Evolve into BIM
Standard Names, Standard Area, Required Area
Basic Rentable Area
ANSI/BOMA Category
Occupants Code
Energy Zone Type
Cost Estimate Data
Security Information
……
Geometry-oriented approach
Conventionally CAD systems only deal with “geometry”
Because people believed that geometric shape is all about design, at that
time.
Geometry is important, but it is a subset of a design.
Building object-oriented approach
Conceptual modeling of a building – for both human and computer
Building
Space
Floor
SpaceGroup
1..*
1
0..*
1..*
1
1
Site
1..*
1
1..*
1..*
1..*
0..*
Interior
Facilities
Building Data Model: a bit more elaborated model
Building
Space
Floor
SpaceGroup
1..*
1
Any group or
classification
of spaces
0..*
1..*
1
1
Other Structural ElementSite
Structure
Slab
Foundation
Roof
Beam
Ceiling
Column
Wall
Opening
Window
1..*
1
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
1
1
0..*
Geometry
Surface
Material …
0..*
1..*
1..*
1..*
0..*
1
1..*
0..*
One
One or more
Zero or more
B contains A / A is super class of B
B is made up of A (composition)
A B
A B
Major building elements for interior design
Dynamically Instantiatable Objects
Interior
Facilities
Geometry
Surface
Material …
Door
IFC: an actual building data (information) model for computers
IfcSpace
IfcBuildingStorey
[1:n] IfcRelAggregates
IfcBuilding
IfcSite
[1:n] IfcRelAggregates
[1:n] IfcRelAggregates
IfcSpatialStructureElement
IfcObject
IfcProduct
IfcRoot
IfcObjectDefinition
IfcElement
IfcBuildingElement
IfcBeam
IfcColumn
IfcSlab
IfcDoor
IfcRamp
IfcRoof
IfcWall
IfcBuildingBasementComponent
IfcAnnotation
IfcPort
IfcWallStandardCase
……
……
IfcBuildingBasementPart
……
IfcRelationship
IfcRelAssociates
IfcRelAssociatesClassification
IfcClassificationReference
Space Groups
653 Entities
Geometry
Relation
Properties ……
IfcGroup
IfcZone
Data Modeling Example:Building – Floor – Space entity & their properties example
Space
Geometry data
int id
String GUID
String name
String number
double area
double height
double volume
int numberOfDoor
Building Building
Floor Floor
Space[] adjacentSpace
Space[] directlyAccessibleSpace
double basicRsf
String department
String security
String bomaCategory
…
Building
Geometry data
int id
String fileName
int numberOf…
double area
double totalNetArea
double height
double elevationHeight
double volume
Site Site
Floor[] Floor
Floor firstFloor
String buildingType
String designPhase
String version
double buildingGrossArea
double structuredParkingArea
double mepArea
double skinArea
double externalWallArea
double biggestFloorArea
…
Floor
Geometry data
int id
String GUID
String name
double area
double totalNetArea
double height
double elevationHeight
double volume
Building Building
Space[] Space
int number
…
BIM is the way we should go.It takes advantages of advanced computing technologies,and it enables us to focus on design itself, not computing.
Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling
Two representations
are very close.
Computationally,
very different.
Autodesk Revit, its BIM Approaches
and its Use Scenarios for Interiors
Autodesk Revit 2015, as of 2015 (2016 will be released soon)
How to “model” a building in Autodesk Revit?
Modeling walls, columns, doors, spaces, floors – not points, lines, surfaces
- But it doesn’t mean Revit has no geometry editing tools. It still has powerful tools.
Designing a building object, based on several pre-defined object families
- System Family: pre-defined building objects in Revit
- User Family (Custom Objects): any kind of user-defined building objects
Each object’s geometry is parametrically editable
- A wall’s “width”, “height” and “thickness”, NOT “length” of the lines
All objects have related each other – Parametric “Constraints”
- E.g.: All walls in Level 1 have a “constraint” to the bottom of Level 2
We just implemented this on BIM tools, much smarter than OSNAP in AutoCAD
Final Assignments
- Modeling CHE building in Revit
- Importing into 3dsMAX
Project means a Revit project file
Family is a basic unit of building design object in Revit
Families are one of: System Family or Custom Family
Users can create their own customized building design objects
Load project template file / system family files
If your Revit has missing Template or System Families, locate them as following:
Setting Default Template in Metric units:
Click left-top R icon – Click Options – File locations – Default template file:
C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RAC 2013\Templates\US Metric\DefaultMetric.rte
Setting and loading System Families via:
C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RAC 2013\Libraries\US Metric\ ~ a lot of system families
*.rvt files are Revit Project files
*.rte files are Revit Template files
*.rfa files are Revit Family files
Revit interface basics1. Start a command
Clicking icons in Ribbon interface
2. Choose an option from the associated temporary tab
Editing, modifying in an additional Ribbon tab
3. Do something in the model view window
Property Window
The Type Properties dialog gives you access to the parameters associated
with the element you’ve selected.
Project Browser
Like Windows Explorer – Navigate information associated with current
project
Revit Key Features
Exporting building’s geometry in DWG, DWF, FBX formats
Exporting building information model in IFC format Interoperability
Space-oriented building modeling: Mass Object, Space Object
Extracting auto-generated 2d plans: Floor plans, elevations, sections, 3d views
Modeling building objects & geometry in advanced Parametric Modeling techniques
Supporting .NET based plugin development (well defined API)
Supporting collaborative working environment (centralized Revit model, cloud-based)
Supporting various visualization tools
Building mass modeling in Revit
Modeling “building mass object” in Revit
Turning into Revit building objects such as walls, floors, curtain walls
Space Object modeling in Revit
No need to draw wall lines for creating spaces - Space object in BIM tools
Auto-detecting Space Boundary using surrounding wall objects
Space Objects can be modeled even without walls for the early concept
design
One of most important
object in Revit is –
Space object
(“Room” in Revit)
Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)http://oubaas.deviantart.com/art/Revit-render-test-84446464
http://www.revitcity.com/forum_files/26537_banking_hall_1.jpg
Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)
Recommended: Use Revit & MAX for better photo-realistic rendering images
Revit:
MAX:
http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html
http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html
Next Class
Revit & BIM
Lab Exercises: - Modeling and Rendering by Autodesk Revit