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GSMGSMBTS ANTENNABTS ANTENNA
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
• To know GSM Antenna specifications and definitions
• To identify the difference between space and polarization diversity
• To comprehend the structure of the antenna system in a BTS Site
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RADIO WAVESRADIO WAVES
• Is a form of electromagnetic radiation typically generated as disturbances sent out by oscillating charges on a transmitting antenna
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ANTENNAANTENNA
An AntennaAntenna is any device used to collect or radiate Electromagnetic Waves
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ANTENNA for MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSANTENNA for MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
• Linear antennas are used:– Monopole (Slab)– Dipole Elements
Mobile Phones
Base Tranceiver Station Antenna
• Single Monopole
• Patch Antenna
• Array of dipoles
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ANTENNA ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESANTENNA ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
• Operating Frequency Band• Input impedance• VSWR• Polarization• Gain• Radiation Pattern• Horizontal/Vertical beamwidth • Downtilt• Front/back ratio• Sidelobe suppression and nul
l filling• Power capability• 3rd order Intermodulation• Insulation
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ANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIESANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
• Size• Weight• Radome material• Appearance and color• Working temperature• Storage temperature• Windload• Connector types• Package Size• Lightning Protection
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ANTENNA BASIC STRUCTUREANTENNA BASIC STRUCTURE
• Antenna are generally composed of stacked of dipole bundling their radiated power to form a desired antenna pattern in vertical plains around the antenna
• Depending on the gain desired that wants to be achieved several of those diploes can be arranged on top of one another
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GENERATION OF RADIO WAVESGENERATION OF RADIO WAVES
DIPOLES
Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
Dipole
1800MHz : 166mm
900MHz : 333mm
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HALF WAVE DIPOLEHALF WAVE DIPOLE
1 个 dipoleReceived Power : 1mW
Multiple dipole matrixReceived Power : 4 mW
GAIN= 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd
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ISOTROPIC ANTENNAISOTROPIC ANTENNA
Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi
“Omnidirectional array”Received power : 1mW
(Overlook
Antenna
“Sector antenna”Received power : 8mW
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dBdBd d and dBand dBi i GAIN COMPARISONGAIN COMPARISON
Dipole
Ideal radiating dot source(lossless radiator)
0dBd = 2.15dBi
2.15dB
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dBdBd d and dBand dBi i GAIN COMPARISONGAIN COMPARISON
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ANTENNA ARRAYSANTENNA ARRAYS
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GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGEGSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE
Type Frequency Range
GSM 900 890 - 960 MHzGSM 1800 1710 - 1880 MHz
890 - 960 MHz1710 - 1880 MHz
GSM Dual Band
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GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGEGSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE
BANDWIDTH = 960 - 890 = 70MHz
Optimum 1/2 wavelengthfor dipole at 925MHz
at 960MHz
Antenna Dipole
at 890MHz
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IMPEDANCEIMPEDANCE
Standard Value: 50
Cable
50 ohms
Antenna 50 ohms
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VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)
9.5 W80
ohms50 ohms
Forward: 10W
Backward: 0.5W
Return Loss : 10log(10/0.5) = 13dB
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
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VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)
• VSWR1.5
• = (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)
• RetureLoss RetureLoss = -20lg
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BEAMWIDTHBEAMWIDTH
120° (eg) Peak
Peak - 10dB
Peak - 10dB
10dB Beamwidth
60° (eg) Peak
Peak - 3dB
Peak - 3dB
3dB Beamwidth
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3dBm HORIZONTAL BEAMWIDTH3dBm HORIZONTAL BEAMWIDTH
• Directional Antenna : 65°/90°/105°/120°• Omni : 360°
Omni-directional Directional
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3dBm VERTICAL BEAMWIDTH3dBm VERTICAL BEAMWIDTH
Omni-directional Directional
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BEAMWIDTHBEAMWIDTH
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ANTENNA STRUCTURE TYPESANTENNA STRUCTURE TYPES
Omni-directional Directional
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RADIATION PATTERNRADIATION PATTERN
Typical Flat-Panel Antenna
Typical Omni Antenna
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TWO TYPES OF DIVERSITYTWO TYPES OF DIVERSITY
1. SPACE DIVERSITY
2. POLARIZATION DIVERSITY
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POLARIZATIONPOLARIZATION
Vertical Horizontal
+ 45degree slant - 45degree slant
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SPACE DIVERSITYSPACE DIVERSITY
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POLARIZATION DIVERSITYPOLARIZATION DIVERSITY
V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45°)
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TYPES OF ANTENNATYPES OF ANTENNA
Linear Polarization,verticalX Polarization, 45
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ANTENNA DOWN TILTANTENNA DOWN TILT
• Mechanical down tilt
• Fixed electronic down tilt
• Adjustable electronic down tilt
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MECHANICAL DOWN TILTMECHANICAL DOWN TILT
• It is achieved by physically tilting the antenna out of the perpendicular by using down tilt kit
• PROS: Cost efficient and flexible
• CON: Has no effect on the side-lobe characteristics of the antenna
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILTELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
• Electrical downtilt can be fixed or switchable
• Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer
• Switchable allows adjustment in a certain lever on the rear of the antenna
Input Signal
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILTELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
Non down tilt Electronic downtilt Mechanical downtilt
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILTELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILTELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
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ANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENTANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENT
Broad bandMultifunctionalHigh Integrity
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ANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENTANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENT
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FRONT-TO-BACK RATIOFRONT-TO-BACK RATIO
Ratio of maximum mainlobe to maximum sidelobe
F/B = 10 log(FP/BP) typically : 25dB
Back power Front power
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UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND NULL FILLNULL FILL
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UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND NULL FILLNULL FILL
Gain reduction as a function of (vertical angle)
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INTERMODULATION (IM)INTERMODULATION (IM)
• It occurs when two signals of a different frequency mix in a non-linear device
• It can be a problem at any site that has two or more transmitters
•It can be caused by a transmitter of the same system or by a transmitter in another site that is co-sited or has a site in the neighborhood
913 MHz 936 MHz 959 MHz 982 MHz
IMD@243dBmf1, f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1
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PERMITTED POWERPERMITTED POWER
• Continuous :25-1500 watts
• Peak value:n2p
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ISOLATIONISOLATION
1000mW ( 1W) 1mW
10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB
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ANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
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DIMENSIONSDIMENSIONS
• LWH– Length : connected with vertical bandwidth and gain– Width : connected with horizontal bandwidth– Height : connected with techniques adopted
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WEIGHTWEIGHT
• A factor that can affect transmission and deployment
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RADOME MATERIALRADOME MATERIAL
• PVC, Fiberglass
• Anti-temperature, water-proof , anti-aging , weather resistant
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COLORCOLOR
• Good-looking
• Environment-protecting
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COLORCOLOR
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TEMPERATURE RANGETEMPERATURE RANGE
OPERATING AND STORAGE•Typical range : -40°C — +70°C
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• 7/16”DIN, N, SMA
• Female/male
CONNECTOR TYPECONNECTOR TYPE
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• Mast diameter 45-90mm
MASTMAST
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• Direct Ground
LIGHTNING PROTECTIONLIGHTNING PROTECTION
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By frequency band: GSM900, GSM1800, GSM900/1800
By polarization: Vertical, Horizontal, ±45º linear
polarization, circle polarization
By pattern: Omni-directional, directional
By down-tilt: Non, mechanical, electronic
adjustment, remote control
By function: Transmission, receiving, transceiving
ANTENNA TYPESANTENNA TYPES
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– 870-960MHz and 1710-1880MHz– Extended band option with 806-
960MHz – Dual slant ±45º polarization– 65º horizontal beamwidth– Band independent Teletilt™ control– 17dBi gain in both bands– Diplexed or Non-Diplexed versions– Mechanical downtilt mounting option
MULTIPLE BAND ANTENNAMULTIPLE BAND ANTENNA
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7/8” MAIN FEEDER
FEEDERFEEDER
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1/2” ( JUMPER CABLE )
JUMPER CABLEJUMPER CABLE
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7/16”DIN-F ( DIN CONNECTOR )
7/16”DIN-M ( DIN & N CONNECTOR )
CONNECTORCONNECTOR
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Rf port 2
Grounding
LIGHTNING ARRESTORLIGHTNING ARRESTOR
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• Trimming Tool or Hand Tool Kit• Clamp• Earthing Kit• Wall Glands• Hoisting Stocking• Universal Ground Bar
ACCESSORIESACCESSORIES
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Antenna
7/16 Din Connector
7/8“ Cable
Grounding
1/2“ Jumper
Cabinet
EMPGrounding clip
Grounding bar
1/2 Clamp
Tower Top Amplifier
7/8“ Cable
Machine house
1/2 Jumper
ANTENNA SYSTEMANTENNA SYSTEM
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