02 Reservoir Solutions

8/10/2019 02 Reservoir Solutions

1/14Reservoir Solutions 2-1

Reservoir Solutions

Reservoir Knowledge Center

Collaborative Well Testing

Collaborative well testing (CWT) is a process whereHalliburton plans, monitors, and analyzes with clients a welltest in real time without traveling to the well site. Thisprocess includes using project leaders, themyHall ibur ton.com collaboration portal, Real-TimeOperations (RTO), and Real-Time Reservoir Solut ions(RTRS). CWT improves safety, communication, servicequality, and profitability for clients.

Planning

When test planning begins, a project leader is assigned towork in the client's office. Project leaders attend planningmeetings and work with the client to determine the testobjectives. The test objectives along with the reservoirinformation are used to specify required equipment and thewell testing method. The project leader performs theengineering calculations, generates the equipment diagrams,and writes the operational and contingency procedures. Atest design determines the duration of the flow periods andreservoir response. To ensure that work is conducted in aprofessional, safe, and effective manner, Halliburton utilizesthe Halliburton Management System for process

documentation, out line of service delivery steps, anddocumentation of the risks and controls associated withindividual tasks. A job safety analysis (JSA) is performed toensure safe testing.

During planning, a private community is set up in themyHall ibur ton portal. Documentation related to the testingis stored in the community, including planning procedures,well diagrams, tool diagrams, process and installationdiagram (P& ID) drawings, hydrate curves, test designprogram, inflow curves, JSA, and Halliburton ManagementSystem (HMS) documents. Meetings, equipment loadout,personnel on location, and test startup can be scheduled

using the community calendar. Using the task managerfeature, project leaders can assign tasks to communitymembers. When using real-time operations, a link to theINSITE Anywhere website can also be included.

Before sending the equipment to location, a Halliburton jobcoordinator travels to the well site to meet with the client andcoordinate mobilization of equipment and personnel.During this visit, the job coordinator discusses with the rigcrew the test procedure, equipment layout, and personnelrole, and sends in a request for RTO.

Collaborative Well Testing


2/142-2 Reservoir Solutions

Testing

During testing, data is transmitted in real time and displayed

in the INSITE Anywhere system so collaboration betweenclient staff and Halliburton operations and technology

experts can occur during testing. RTO offers severalimprovements:

Safety. Available well test data is delivered on location via

the Internet to the team members.

Communication. Team members receive the same data

at the same time.

Time management. The asset team is only required to log

on to the protected website during actual testing. Log on

can occur anywhere the Internet is available.

Real-Time Reservoir Solutions (RTRS)

Real-time reservoir solutions allow clients to quantitativelydescribe the reservoir while directing the procedure to

achieve all of the test objectives. The INSITE datamanagement system integrates test data from all of theacquisition systems and routes it to diagnostic software

including pressure transient analysis software, real-timecalculators, and completion integrity software. The pressure

transient analysis software calculates the effectivepermeability, skin, rate dependent skin, extrapolated

pressure, productivity index, and reservoir geometry.Parameters such as drawdown, productivity index, wateryield, and gradients are calculated with the real-time

calculators and are used to determine completion efficiencyand well cleanup. Halliburton's iWatch software

(the real-time version of Landmark's WELLCAT) takes thedistributed temperature, along with flow rates and pressures,

and calculates tubing movement and tubing/casing loads.The iWatch software updates the models as well parameters

change.

Example 1

HES performed a drillstem test in deepwater Malaysia for alarge independent operator. A computerized network system

acquired the surface data and the ATS acoustic telemetrysystem acquired the bottomhole data. Both systems streamed

into the INSITE system, which transmitted data from the rigto the office in Malaysia via a third-party satellite system. In

the office, the bottomhole pressure data was ported intoSaphir where the Halliburton reservoir engineer performed areal-time pressure transient analysis. This real-time reservoir

solution saved three days of rig time resulting in huge savings

for the client.

Example 2

Halliburton performed a flow assurance and post completiontest on a deepwater well in the Gulf of Mexico for a large

independent operator. Surface data along with third partydownhole permanent gauge data was brought into theINSITE system. It was then transmitted through the

Halliburton self-stabilizing satellite terminal to the HoustonReal-Time Operations Center. In Houston, the Halliburton

reservoir engineer performed real-time pressure transientanalysis and collaborated with the operator's reservoir

engineer. The buildup was shortened by four hours, saving$40,000 rig time.

One of the many ways Halliburton achieves its test objectives is through

Real-Time Reservoir Solutions (RTRS).

HAL6735



Res 20/20

Halliburton offers complete reservoir services worldwide,incorporating the most advanced technology to help obtain

optimum results from reservoir development. To ensuresuccessful testing, Halliburton provides the following toenable faster, more informed decisions about well conditions

and production, regardless of location.

Project leader to provide job design, coordinate

equipment mobilization, provide well site technical

support, and post job analysis to customers

Consultants working in-house, at the client office, or on

well location and providing perforating consulting,

production optimization, well testing, and fluids

management

Perforation design using reservoir and well information

to optimize the perforations

Software that calculates the dynamic parameters

associated with perforating including direction of shock

wave, intensity, amount of gun movement, and effect on

hardware such as bridge plugs and packers

In-house well test consultant (Halliburton engineer) to

work with the client to determine test objectives, design

the well test, supervise test, and complete the end of

well report

On-location well test consultant (Halliburton engineer)

to oversee equipment rig up, host pre-job safety meeting,

host daily safety meetings, lead testing operation, ensuretest objectives are met, and serve as primary customer

contact on location

Process and installation diagram (P&ID) created for

surface test equipment, underbalanced drilling surface

equipment, or early production system equipment

Hydrate prediction that includes well information,

reservoir information, water depth, pressure/volume/

temperature (PVT) of hydrocarbons, and inhibitor

properties used to develop hydrate curves for varying

amounts of free water and inhibitor pumped

Completion design that includes wellbore information,

reservoir information, log data, core data, f luid

compatibility tests, drilling records, and PVT ofhydrocarbons used to design optimized completion

Project manager for underbalanced applications

responsible for the overall direction of all drilling,

drilling related, and support service operations

conducted by the Project Team

Heat radiation calculations that use maximum gas rate

expected to flare, maximum condensate rate expected to

burn, hydrocarbon properties, and burner boom length

to calculate heat at several distances from a heat source

under various wind conditions

FasTest toolstring design that includes placement of

gauges and samplers, volume of chamber, type of tubingconveyed perforating firing head, length of blank gun,

and amount of underbalance applied to the reservoir

FasTest reservoir performance test design that includes

pressure response, chamber volume, amount of

underbalance applied to the reservoir, and duration of

the test needed to successfully analyze test data

Injection/falloff test design that calculates pressure

response, injection rate, duration of injection, and

duration of falloff needed to meet all test objectives and

successfully analyze test data

Tubing movement calculations that calculate pressure

and temperature profiles to determine pipe movement aswell as calculate stress, load on packer, collapse, burst,

and chance of buckling

Design of service that includes design of the drillstem test,

tubing conveyed perforating, service tools, underbalanceddrilling, reservoir performance monitoring, data

acquisition, and production application



Well Test Analysis Overview

A well test analysis report can save time and money by

identifying opportunities to improve well performance.Halliburton engineers, drawing on their extensive

experience, generate analysis reports using the mostadvanced pressure-transient analysis and well evaluation

methods available. Well test and completion data can helpget a more accurate reservoir description. In addition,reports often include recommended techniques for well

performance improvement.

After the compatibilities of the fluid property, rate, andpressure data are verified, well test analysis is performed

using advanced and sophisticated reservoir models. Thecompletions can be horizontal, deviated, or vertical

wellbores. The reservoir flow can be through dual-porosity,composite, layered, or homogeneous rocks. Results reportedin a Halliburton Well Test and Completions Analysis Report

take into account changing well storage, limited wellboreentry, tidal, and turbulent flow effects. Various well test

analyses provide calculations for initial reservoir pressure(Pi), permeability thickness (kh), and skin (S). Additionally,wellbore perforated length (Hw), distance of horizontal

wellbore to bottom of formation (Zw), and ratio of verticalto radial permeability (kz/kr) are calculated for horizontal

wells. The dual-porosity flow model provides values forinterporosity flow parameter (), the fraction of the pore

volume occupied by the fissures to the total interconnectedpore volume, and storativity ratio (), the ability of thematrix to flow into the fissure network. Stimulated wells are

characterized by the fracture half-length (Xf) andconductivity (fc). Distances to boundaries and the boundary

type (no-flow, constant pressure, or leaky) can be providedwith most models.

Well test analysis includes:

Type curve analysis

Conventional analysis

Non-linear regression

Multi layered analysis

Closed-chamber DST/FasTest system

Production analysis

Completion design/optimization reports

Reservoir/well performance projections

Application of Well Test Analysis

Features and Benefits

Experienced reservoir engineer available for questions

Analysis report

Follow-up briefing on analysis results and

recommendations

More consistent reservoir/wellbore description using all

the data

Well improvement recommendations using proven

technologies

Complete report that can be used to convince others of

future recommendations

Money saving ideas

More time to concentrate on other projects

Enhanced reservoir and completion description from the

advanced and sophisticated reservoir models

Analysis performed in batch or real time

Recommendations for well improvement which consider

the total system (reservoir, completion, and surface

equipment)

Fast turnaround at a reasonable cost to free up valuable

engineering time

HA

L4971



Well test analysis service differentiating factors include:

Service performed by experienced reservoir engineers

Easy to use report

Advanced well/reservoir models

Real-time analysis capabilities using a secured website

that can be accessed using your computer anytime or

anywhere

Some of the well test data analyzed includes:

Closed chamber or surge testthis type of data can be

collected using the FasTest system

Slug, shoot and pull, or drillstem test

Formation test

Vertical well tests (radial or fractured)

Horizontal well test

Multi-rate well test

Bounded reservoir test

Permanent gauge data test9000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

4700

4800

4900

5000

BHP[

psia]

Gas

Ra

te

[Msc

f/D]

(Pressure [psia], Gas Rate [Mscf/D] vs Time [hr])

Pressure vs TimePbar

Gas Rate vs Time

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80 1 00 120 140

History plot (Pressure [psia], Gas Rate [Mscf/D] vs Time [hr])

4500

BHP[ps

ia]

Gas

Ra

te

[Msc

f/D]

5500

Prod Index = 4.95 Mscf/D - psi

Storage Constant = 0.00509 STB/p

True Skin = 1.96

True Delta P Skin = 71 psi

Turb Skin = 4.58Turb Delta P Skin = 165 psi

Turb Factor = 0.00131 1/Mscf/D

Initial Pressure = 6000 psia

kh = 141 md-ft

k = 4.7 md

2

-10000

10002000

30004000

50006000

70008000

900010000

Skin

4

6

8

10

12

14

Rate [Mscf/D]

Skin vs. Rate

Analysis Results

3,000 ft

3,000 ft

2,500 ft

2,000 ft

Multi-Rate Test

History of Plot Pressure and Rate Showing Analysis

Model Match

Reservoir Shape

HAL7687

HAL7688

HAL7755



Underbalanced ApplicationsReal-Time Reservoir Evaluation (RTRE)

The Halliburton underbalanced applications (UBA)real-time reservoir evaluation (RTRE) is a comprehensive

engineering process that integrates and sequences surfaceand subsurface data obtained during underbalanced drilling.This data is evaluated to characterize the reservoir and yield

valuable production data such as productivity indexand permeability.

The process begins with preliminary analysis of offset well

data and design of testing procedures to maximize thereservoir information obtained during the drilling process.The Halliburton INSITE system of data acquisition and

data management brings the data to one platform afterwhich a unique reservoir model is used to analyze the

pressure and rate data to determine reservoir productivity.

One of the components of this reservoir model, TimeSplice,is initially used to transpose and correct the surface rate datato the bottomhole, taking into account the injection andproduction lag times. The bottomhole pressure

corresponding to each traversed layer in conjunction withother input data is then used by the analytical transient

reservoir model to calculate the rate from each productivezone. To characterize the reservoir even more accurately, the

numerical reservoir simulator component can be used.Reservoir engineers and geologists work together to interpret

the results from the predictions and advise the on-siteengineers of any additional testing required for further

reservoir characterization or modifications to drilling plans.

This testing while drilling methodology yields important

reservoir information that in many cases greatly changes thereservoir knowledge in a field. Reservoirs which previously

did not merit testing are automatically tested during thedrilling phase providing reservoir knowledge to the asset

manager. The Halliburton RTRE is composed of tools thatallow this data to be analyzed accurately and rapidly byamalgamating several advanced techniques and

methodologies. There have been cases where zonespreviously not seen or not deemed productive with

conventional drilling were found to contain economic

reserves to justify completion.

Figure 1 illustrates where previously deemednon-commercial pays (indicated by the top yellow arrows)

make significant contributions to total production rateswhen not exposed to the damage of overbalanced drilling.

The reservoir evaluation capability of Halliburton UBAmaximizes the discrete characterization of these intervals

allowing for full exploitation of the reservoir.

Figure 1: Output of Reservoir Evaluation from UBA Information

ROP Avg fph1000 500 0

Deep Phase Resohm-m02 20

Medium Phase Resohm-m02 20

Shallow Phase Resohm-m02 20

Bulk Densityg/cc1.65 2.65

Underbalanced Pressurepsig1000 0

Well Flow RateSTB/d0 1000

Productivity IndexSTB/psi50 0

Formation Permeabilitymd 1000

MDin

ft1.50

7050

7150

7250

7350

7450

7550



The first approach was to synchronize the surface measured

injection and production rates to bottomhole, so that arepresentative sandface rate for each layer could bedetermined. Secondly, the nature of reservoir pressure

transient testing had to be modified to account for thedynamics of having an ever changing reservoir height as the

bit progresses through the pay. This meant that a movingboundary condition problem had to be solved. Once this

solution was implemented, it was verified against moreconventional industry pressure transient analysis models (forthe simplest case of a constant wellbore length) and against

numerical simulators (for increasing well length), givingresults within a 5% tolerance.

The broader implications of this approach may mean better

reservoir characterization in less time than the industrystandard wireline-based evaluation, especially when coupledwith some basic logging while drilling tools.

For the asset manager, even more valuable information canbe gained about the reservoir. In many conventional

underbalanced operations without this reservoir focus, a payinterval is drilled mostly underbalanced but often with some

overbalance occurrences. The result of this temporaryoverbalance is often overlooked and never quantified. Using

the RTRE with its detailed data acquisition and analysisability, many overbalanced events are now quantifiable,leading to very accurate information on the cost of failing to

achieve true continuous underbalanced drilling.

Figure 2 is a simulation extracted from a composite of fieldcases which were seen with the UBA-RTRE. As pay isintersected in an underbalanced environment, the RTREkicks in, resulting in an accurate quantified reservoircharacterization. As sometimes happens, an unplannedpressure event throws the system into overbalance, even for arelatively short period of time. After underbalanced

conditions are returned, the damage to the reservoir can beexpertly determined. In Damage Rate 1, a five-fold reductionin rate is determined. After an extensive effort to blow outthe damage with greater drawdown pressures, the DamageRate 2 is seen to be 2.5 fold. The most significant observationis that for this case, the damaged formation never cleans upto original rates over the observed period. The informationfrom this qualified result is modeled by the RTRE and theresulting loss of productivity is quantified to an accuratevalue, giving the operator an exact evaluation of the lostproduction due to overbalance. In the typical well seen byHalliburton UBA, the loss of production over the life of thewell greatly exceeds the cost of implementing the RTRE in

conjunction with sound project management andengineering processes required to prevent these unplannedoverpressure events.

Figure 2: Simulated Underbalanced Job Chart with Overbalanced Event

(composite of field cases)

Underbalanced Application

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Time, (days)

Pressure,

(psi)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

GasRate,

(mscfd)

Reservoir PressureBH Dynamic PressureModeled Flow Rate

Actual FlowRate

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3noon noon

OverbalancedEvent

Damage

Rate #2Damage

Rate #1

ModelCalibrated

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Time, (days)

Pressure,

(psi)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

GasRate,

(mscfd)

Reservoir PressureBH Dynamic PressureModeled Flow Rate

Actual FlowRate

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3noon noon

OverbalancedEvent

Damage

Rate #2Damage

Rate #1

ModelCalibrated



Examples of Downhole Solutions

This section provides examples of test installations for openhole, SmarTest system, cased hole, harsh environment,

offshore, deepwater/floating vessel, land/jack-up, FasTest system, shoot and pull tools, and STPP-GH single-tripperf/pack system.

Openhole Test Installation

Below is an example of an openhole single packer test, openhole straddle packer test, and hookwall packer test.

HAL14296

Anch or Shoe

Flush Joint Anchor

Adapter

Expanding ShoePacker Assembly

Pressure Recorder(Blanked Off)

Flush Joint Anchor


Pressure Equalizer Ports

Upper BodyPressure Equalizer

VR Safety Joint

Hydraulic Jar

Pressure Recorder

HYDROSPRING Tester

Dual Closed-InPressure Valve

Handling Suband Choke Assembly

Impact Reverse Sub(Optional)

Drill Collar Tubing

Impact ReverseSub (Optional)

Handling Sub and

Choke Assembly

Dual Closed-InPressure Valve

Hydrostatic Tester

Pressure Recorder

Hydraulic Jar

VR Safety Joint

Hookwall Packer

Perforated Tail Pipe


Thread Protector

Collar

HAL14302

Tubing


Flush Joint Anchor


VR Safety Joint

Pressure Recorder

HYDROSPRING Tester

Dual Closed InPressure Valve

Handling Suband Choke Assembly

Impact Reverse Sub(Optional)

HAL14295

Drill Collar

Drill Collar

Drill Collar

Hydraulic Jar

Openhole Straddle

Packer Test

Hookwall

Packer Test

Openhole Single

Packer Test



SmarTest System Installation

Drill Pipe

ATS Big BoreTransceiver

Drill Pipe

ATS Repeater

Drill Pipe

Drill Collar

Internal GaugeCarrier

Telemetry ActuatedCirculating Valve

Drain Valve

Pig Catcher

7-in. InternalFlush Tubing

Pig Launcher

IPO CirculatingValve

ATS Transmitter

Telemetry ActuatedTester Valve

FasTestSampler Carrier

w/Fluid ID Tool

FasTestSampler Carrier

Large Volume

Sampler

Gauge Carrier

RD TST Valve

Jar

VR Safety Joint

Upper SubEqualizing Tube

Upper NRPacker

PerforatedAnchor Pipe

Lower NRPacker

Lower SubEqualizing Tube

Gauge Carrier

Drill Collars

Junk ChamberAccess Valve

Dump Chamberw/Air

Junk ChamberDrain Valve

Drill Collars

Blank OffShoe Joint

HAL15163

SmarTest System Installation



Cased Hole Test Installation

The figure below shows an example of a typical cased holedrillstem testing system.

Cased Hole Installation

Harsh Environment Test Installations

Below is an example of a harsh environment (High Pressure/High Temperature, H2S) well test installation.

High Pressure/High Temperature

Test Installation

VannGun Assembly

Mechanical Firing Head

Pup Joints

Balanced Isolation Tool

Radial Shock Absorber

Vertical Shock Absorber

Below Packer Safety Joint

CHAMP IV Packer

RTTS Safety Joint

BIG JOHN Jars

Gauge Carrier

Sampler

APR (LPR-N, Select Tester ) Tester Valve

APR (OMNI, Express) Circulating Valve

Drain Valve

Drill Collars

RD Safety Circulating Valve

Slip Joints

Fluted Hanger

Slick Joint

Retainer Valve

Tubing

Radioactive Tag Sub

Subsea Test Tree

HAL15211

RDX, HMX, or PYX Charges(DD or BH)

Drill CollarsDrain Valve

Retainer Valve

Subsea Test Tree

Slick Joint

Fluted Hanger

RD Safety CirculatingValve

MPV Valve

Permanent Packer


VannGun Assembly

APR (LPR-N, Select Tester )Tester Valve

Gauge Carrier

Crossover

APR (OMNI, Express)Valve

Drain Valve

Drain Valve

Sampler Carrier(s)

HAL14490



Offshore Well Test Installation

Halliburton offshore well testing solutions offer

unmatched testing experience. Optimized testing

configurations and procedures tailored to well conditions,faster, more accurate formation test data, reduced rig time,

as well as real-time monitoring and on-site engineering

help meet well test objectives. Below is an example of an

offshore well test installation.

Offshore Well Test

Installation

Deepwater/Floating Vessel Well TestInstallation

This figure illustrates an installation used with deepwater

floating vessels.

Deepwater/Floating Vessel

Well Test Installation

HAL14293

RDX, HMX, or PYX Charges (DD or BH)

VannGun Assembly


Pup JointsBalanced Isolation ToolRadial Shock Absorber



CHAMP IV Packer

RTTS Safety Joint

BIG JOHN Jars

Gauge CarrierSampler

APR (LPR-N, Select Tester ) Tester Valve

Drain Valve

Drill Collars

APR (OMNI, Express) Circulating Valve

Drain Valve

Drill Collars


Slip Joints

Fluted Hanger

Slick Joint

Subsea Test Tree

Retainer Valve

Tubing

Drill Collars

Sampler


Drill Collars

APR (OMNI, Express)Circulating Valve

Gauge Carrier

RTTS Safety Joint


Pup Joints


Retainer Valve

Fluted Hanger

Premium Tubing

RDX, HMX, or PYXCharges (DD or BH)

VannGun Assembly



CHAMP IV Packer

BIG JOHN Jars


Drain Valve

Subsea Test Tree

HAL14485



Land/Jack-up Well Test Installation

Land/Jack-up

Well Test Installation

FasTest System Installation

FasTest System

Installation



Super Safety Valve


Drill Collars

Drain ValveAPR (OMNI, Express)Circulating Valve

Gauge Carrier

RTTS Safety Joint


Pup Joints


RDX, HMX, or PYX

Charges (DD or BH)

RTTS Safety Joint

Premium Tubing

VannGun Assembly

CHAMP IV Packer

BIG JOHN Jars


Sampler

HAL

14488

Drill Collars

Drain Valve

Radioactive Tag Sub

RD or IPO Circulating Valve

ATS Transmitter

Select Tester Valve

PVT Sampler Carrier

OMNI Circulating Valve

CHAMP IV Packer


Fill Disk Assembly

Time-Delay Firing Head

VannGun Assembly

Time-Delay Firing Head

Drain Valve

Gauge Carrier

Jars

Safety Joint

Vented Closure

HAL15153



Shoot and Pull Test Installation

Shoot and Pull Test

Installation

STPP-GH Single-Trip Perf/Pack System

The STPP-GH single-trip perf/pack system provides cost-effective, single run completions that combine perforating

and frac-packing into a single string. With the STPP-GHsystem, the guns are detached from the packer beforeperforating to eliminate impact loads on the packer. After

perforating, the auto-release gun hanger mechanism allowsthe expended guns to drop to the bottom of the well. After

the well is perforated, the CHAMP IV packer is lowered andset below the perforations to complete frac-pack operations.

The STPP-GH system provides increased safety as well aseconomic benefits by combining multiple operations in asingle pipe trip. The single-trip system can minimize

completion fluid loss, reduce rig cost, and reduce wellcontrol risks.

STPP-GH Single-Trip Perf/Pack System

HAL14489

IPO Circulating Valve

OMNI Circulating Valve

Gauge Carrier

Jars

RTTS Safety Joint

CHAMP IV Packer

Fill Disk Assembly

TDF

APF-C Firing Head

VannGun Assembly

Tubing

Tubing


Tubing

APF-C Lower Pressure Transfer Sub

APF-C Upper Pressure Transfer Sub

Tubing

Multi Service Valve

Tubing

Tubing

Tubing

Radioactive Sub

CHAMP IVPacker

ClosingSleeve

Assembly

Blank

Assembly

LowerSump Packer

HydraulicRelease

VannGunAssembly

Auto ReleaseGun Hanger

VBAFracPac

Packer

ClosingSleeve

BlankScreen

LowerSump

PackerHAL8829


14/14

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	juliano-ferreira
View:	218 times
Download:	0 times

02 Reservoir Solutions

Documents