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The Development of
Youth F itness Education &The Physical Best Program
A Brief History
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Dr. Hans Kraus study
Results indicated:
Only 42% of American children passedthe assessment, while
92% of European school children passedthe assessment
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President Eisenhower is shocked by the
scores from the Kraus study!
Thus, Eisenhower established the
Presidents Council on Youth Fitness.
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The AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test
established normative data based on a 7test battery.
Pull-Ups
Sit-Ups
Shuffle-Run
Standing Broad Jump
50-yard Dash
Softball Throw for Distance
600-yard Run-Walk
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The AAHPERD Fitness Test Batteries
Skill-RelatedShuttle run
600-yard walk/run
50-yard dash
Softball throw fordistance
Health-Related Single-leg balance Flexed arm hang
Push-Ups Sit-Ups
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AAHPERD redesigned the meaning offitness in terms ofhealth rather thanskill performance.
The Health-Related Fitness Test wascreated and replaced all fitness tests.
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The AAHPERD Health-Related Fitness Test was designedand used nation-wide to test cardiovascular endurance,muscular endurance and strength, flexibility, and body
composition components.
Assessments included:
60 second sit-ups
Mile run/walkSkinfold measurementsSit-and-reachPull-ups, flexed arm hang & modified pull-ups
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The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Researchintroduces the Fitnessgram assessment and
software to schools throughout United States.
The Fitnessgram is the first health-related
assessment program to use criterion referencestandards and not normative based data.
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The Physical BestEducational Program
was established and released byAAHPERD
Developed by educators to enhance theexisting physical education curriculumand supplement daily lesson plans.
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The Physical Best Fitness test changedto criterion-referenced standards andreplaced all normative based test items.
The new standards were based onscientific research and represented thelevel of risk in each assessment items.
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The Physical Best program includedcognitive components to teach fitness
concepts through activity.
Physical Best encouraged the use of
goal setting as a part of its recognitionsystem.
The process of developing fitness goals wasemphasized as fitness was achieved.
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AAHPERD and Cooper Institute for AerobicsResearch (CIAR) formed a partnership topromote health-related youth fitness.The Fitnessgram was selected as the official
AAHPERD health-related assessment battery.The battery continued to include computersoftware for the Windows/DOS andMacintosh/Apple based computers.
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Physical Best published four newsupplements:
Physical Best and Individuals withDisabilities
Physical Best and Nutrition
You Stay Active Recognition Program
Speaking of Fitness (Anthology)
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AAHPERD, The Cooper Institute and Human
Kinetics formed the American Fitness Alliance
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Physical Best Activity Guides were publishedby Human Kinetics
Elementary Level
Secondary Level
FITNESSGRAM (Version 6.0) released by CIAR and
Human KineticsPhysical Education for Lifelong Fitness:(Teachers Guide)published by Human Kinetics.
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2nd editions of the Physical Best ActivityGuides and the Teachers Guide
including modifications for studentswith disabilities were published byHuman Kinetics.
Release of FITNESSGRAM 8.0