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Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of Systems Analysis

and Design

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Topic & structure of the lesson

What is a system?

Definition

Characteristics

Examples

Types of information systems

Need for Systems Analysis and Design

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Learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, YOU should be

able to:

describe two paradigms of analysis anddesign, specifically object-oriented and

structured approaches

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Key terms you must be able to use

If you have mastered this topic, youshould be able to use the following termscorrectly in your assignments and exams:

systems

interfaces

boundary environment

constraint

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What is a System?

Definition

A set of inter-related objects or elements

which are viewed as a whole and designed to

achieve a common purpose. (Britton andDoake, 1996)

A system is an interrelated set ofcomponents with an identifiable boundary,

working together for some purpose.

(Hoffer et al, 2002)

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General depiction of a System

Environmentsubsystems

input boundary

Interface

output

interrelationships

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What is a system?

Characteristics of a system1. components

2. inter-related components

3. a boundary

4. a purpose

5. an environment

6. interfaces

7. input

8. output9. constraints

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Examples of systems

Payroll system

Central heating system

Digestive system

Computer system

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Quick Review Question

Give an example of a system which you

believe has some of the characteristics

listed earlier.

Describe APIIT/UCTI as a system. Draw a

diagram of the system.

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Major Types of Information

Systems

Executive Support System (ESS)

Decision Support System (DSS)

Management Information System (MIS)Transaction Processing System (TPS)

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Types of Information Systems

Executive Support System (ESS) Strategic level projections for senior managers

Decision Support System (DSS)

Interactive system to help make decisions based on historicaland what-if scenarios for decision makers

Management Information System (MIS) Provides reports in a meaningful aggregate form - for middle

managers.

Transaction Processing System (TPS) Basic system which supports the main business processes at

operational level for operations managers

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Quick Review Question

List FOUR (4) types of information

systems

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Information Systems Analysis

& Design

Information Systems Analysis & Design is a

complex, challenging and stimulating

organizational process that a team of business

and systems professionals uses to develop andmaintain computer based IS.

The trend is to incorporate the Internet,especially the World Wide Web more and more

into the organizations way of doing business.

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Information Systems Analysis

& Design

In the early years of computing, analysis &

design was considered an art. Now it is a

disciplined process (similar to architecture or

civil engineering) to ensure efficient, timely andwithin budget systems.

There are methodologies, techniquesandtools used together to form an organizational

approach to systems analysis & design.

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Information Systems Analysis

& Design

Methodology comprehensive, multiple step

approach to systems development. (SSADM, OO,RAD etc)

Techniques Processes that ensure that the

work done is complete and comprehensible to

others. (Questionnaires, interviews, DFDs etc)

Tools computer programs which make it easy

to use the techniques. (Gantt chart, PERT chart, CASEtools etc)

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Brief History of SAD

1950s-Efficieny of processeswas the main goal as computers

were large, expensive & not very reliable. Developed from scratch.

1960s Mini computers and the beginning of the software

industry. Systems development more of an art than a science.

1970s Disciplined approach started with focus more on datarather than the process.

1980s Microcomputers, 4GLs , CASE tools, Windows & Icon

based interfaces. Less in-house and more from software vendors.

1990s Systems integration mainly as developers used visual

programming to design user interfaces running on client-serverplatforms. More on the Internet and the Web.

Currently Computer based tools to simplify Web-based

development. Wireless components included, application server

provider (ASP).

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Need for

Systems Analysis and Design

To analyze Data input or data flow systematically

Processing or transforming data

Data storage

Information output

within the context of a particular business

To analyze, design and implementcomputerized information systems to improve

the functioning of businesses To install a system with proper planning to avoid

dissatisfaction

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Follow Up Assignment

Within your project groups identify a

system.

Then, list and identify all thecharacteristics within this system.

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Summary of Main Teaching Points

What is a system?

Definition

Characteristics Example

Types of Information Systems

Need for Systems Analysis and Design

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Question and Answer Session

Q & A

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Next Session

Resistance to change

The roles of a Systems Analyst

Skills of a Systems Analyst Resistance to change :

Reasons

Effects

Methods to overcome