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WiRo Energie&Konnex Consulting GmbH phone +49-241/16848-90Theaterstrasse 30-32 D-52062 Aachen Germany www.wiro-consultants.de
The Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings EPBD
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 1
Background Oil-crises in the 70ies
Europe is highly depending on imports of fossil fuels Society has come to an additional conclusion:
Burning of fuels CO2-Emissions Global warming
Kyoto-Protocol from 1997
Global greenhouse gas emissions shall be reduced by 5,2 % until 2012(Europe: 8 %, Germany: 21 %)
More than 130 nations have ratified the protocol (but not big polluters like
USA, Australia, Russia)
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 2
European Legislation More than 40 % of final energy consumption in the Residential and
tertiary sector, major part for buildings Energy consumption in the building sector has always been a concern for
the European Community:
Directive 89/106/EEC: construction works must be designed for low energyconsumption (back in 1989!)
Directive 93/76/EEC: R&D and funding programmes to limit CO2 emissionsby improving energy efficiency SAVE-Directive
Action plan on energy efficiency of the European Commission However, legal instrument were necessary to realize the high saving
potential more quickly
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 3
Establishing the Buildings Directive DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL on the Energy Performance of BuildingsEnergy Performance of Buildings Directive EPBD
EPBD creates a framework of requirements and suggestions
Entry into force in January 2003, national governments had to transform
framework into law within 3 years (January 2006)
For new member states such as Cyprus, a longer period was granted
Also for states with a lack of qualified experts (concerning certificates and
maintenance of HVAC systems)
Cyprus regulation in effect
since Dezember 2008
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 4
New regulation on Cyprus from December 2007 Building application must prove that certain standards are maintained
Law gives requirements of minimal energy efficiency of buildings (insulation) and
proposes methodology for efficiency calculation
Additional information is given:
Basics on thermal insulation
Criteria for selecting building elements
Good examples, including cost-benefit-analysis
Thermal conductivity of building elements ()
Calculation tool
Ministry of Commerce Industry&Tourismwww.cie.org.cy
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 5
/10/ Integrated approach insulation, building services and building design Integrating the requirement for space heating, space cooling, ventilating,
lighting and hot water
Application of renewableenergy sources
Design of the building
Calculation of energy use,final- and primary energy
Annex to EPBD: General framework for the calculation of energyperformance of buildings (Article 3)
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 6
/11/ Further development of technical standards EN 832: Thermal performance ofresidential buildings - Calculation of
energy use for heating prEN 13790: Thermal performance of buildings - Calculation of energy
use for space heating and cooling Necessary to also include air-conditioning systems and lighting
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 7
/12/ and Art. 4, 5: Minimum energy performance requirements Buildings have an impact on long-term energy consumption
Only 1-2 % of building stock are renovated each year (Germany) Member States have to take the necessary measures to ensure thatminimum energy performance requirements are set:
Appropriate to local climate (general, EU-wide guidelines would be useless) Differentiated for new and existing buildings and different categories
Alternative energy supply systems shall be promoted: sometimes acomplicated matter
nationwide study considering technical, environmental and economicfeasibility, official list of cost-effective measures
Exemptions for industrial sites with low energy demand, monuments,churches, and others
Review and update required every five years
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 8
/13/ - /15/ and Art. 6: Existing Buildings major renovations Major renovations give opportunity to take cost-effective measures to
enhance energy performance
For buildings over 1,000 m useful floor area
Major renovation:
Total cost of the renovation related to the building shell and/or energyinstallations is higher than 25 % of the value of the building
more than 25 % of the building shell undergoes renovation
Cost-effectiveness: Recovering of additional costs within a reasonable
period of time in relation to technical lifetime by accrued energy savings
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 9
/16/ and Art. 7, 10: Energy performance certificate Vision: Increasing awareness of energy
cost (second rent) at buyers/tenants
This increases demand for efficientbuildings (market economicalapproach)
Energy performance certificate
declares energetic quality
includes reference values (legal
standards, benchmarks/best practice) documents technical data
initiates activities
Validity shall be less than 10 years
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 10
Energy performance certificate (contd) Certificate must be made available
to the prospective buyer or tenantwhen buildings are constructed, sold, rented out
For buildings
1. with total useful floor area over 1 000 m
2. occupied by public authorities/institutions providing public services3. frequently visited by the public
an energy certificate must be placed in a prominent place Many details and implications hot discussions during legislation
process in Germany
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 11
Energy performance certificate Energy service companies, BOT projects Very many buildings need certification through independent experts Certification process may be supported by programmes [] based upon
agreements between organisations of stakeholders and a body appointedby the Member States
Certifications may be carried out by energy service companies whichagree to commit themselves to undertake the identified investments This may become a thriving business!
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 12
/18/ Thermal performance during summer period Rising number of air-conditioning systems in southern Europe
Considerable problems at peak load times, increasing cost of electricityand disrupting the energy balance (power shortages, black outs)
(Further development of) passive cooling techniques:
Improving indoor climatic
conditions and microclimatearound buildings
Geothermal energy,
cooling sails, night cooling etc. Close coordination betweenarchitects and engineers necessary
Urban planning is involved
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 13
/19/ and Art. 8, 9: Regular maintenance and inspection Regular maintenance of boilers and of air-conditioning systems:
Maintaining adjustment in accordance with product specification and inthat way will ensure
Optimal performance as to environmental, safety, energy and energy cost Inspection: regular assessment of installation, independent advice
regarding optimisation or replacement
Qualified personnel necessary Independent experts necessary
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Directive on the energy performance of buildingsSlide 14
/20/ Metering and billing of energy consumption Actual consumption should be metered and billed,
esp. in residential sector
If possible for heating, air-conditioning and hot water
Raises awareness in occupants and contributes to energy saving
Next step: Occupants should be enabled to regulate consumption of heatand hot water