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2/22/2010
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Spring 2010 Fundamentals of Business Information Systems
INTRODUCTION TO ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS AND SAP
Rationale for ERP System Introduction
Historically, functional areas maintained independent information systems.
Systems not designed to interface with one another.
Information exchange often paper based.
Unified system for data handling should provide efficiencies and permit more effective management.
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SAP History
"I think the most profound effect R/3 has had is the general availability of real-time information. Within a company, somebody is fulfilling a task. The task ends. And all information that was affected by this task is available immediately in the new form.
That means you can improve workflow significantly. In conventional organizations, it's a sequential process. You have to pass the work forward. Something changed, and somebody else has to react to that. From the beginning, it was our idea that everyone could do everything at once. You would have access to current information wherever you were and could get everything that you wanted to know. We had to struggle for years on end. People debated this and said that is not the right way of looking at things.
Now that has changed because of the Internet."
Hasso Plattner, CEO, co-chairman, and co-founder of SAP AG Anticipating Change: Secrets Behind the SAP Empire
Reasons for Implementing ERP System—2000 study
Replace legacy systems 4.06
Simplify and standardize systems 3.85
Improve interactions with suppliers and customers 3.55
Gain strategic advantage 3.46
Link to global activities 3.17
Solve the Y2K problem 3.08
Pressure to keep up with competitors 2.99
Ease of upgrading systems 2.91
Restructure organizations 2.58
1 = Not Important 5 = Very Important
"Enterprise Resource Planning Survey of U.S. Manufacturing Firms," Production and Inventory Management Journal 41 no 20 (2000) by V.M. Mabert et al
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Discussion
Premise:
ERP software allows a company to unite its information handling.
United information handling mechanisms improve operating efficiency and decision making.
Why aren't all companies using ERP systems?
Work with neighbor(s) and come up with a list of 5 reasons. Make your list as specific as you can.
Why aren't all companies using ERP systems?
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Key Risk Areas in ERP Implementation
Organizational fit
Skill mix
Management structure and strategy
Software systems and design
User involvement and training
Project management
Critical success factors
Top management support
Implementation team competence
Interdepartmental cooperation and communication
Clear goals and objectives
Effective project management
Reasonable, clear expectations
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Critical success factors
Project champion
Vendor support
Careful data handling focus (specification, conversion, etc.)
Adequate resources
User training
Business process reengineering
Customization minimization (Configuration, not customization)
ERP System Return on Investment (ROI)
Cost of ERP implementation highly dependent on company size, number of users, modules selected, and other factors.
Almost always more spent on system installation, implementation, data migration, and training than on software acquisition/licensing.
Meta Group 2002 study: average cost of ERP ownership $15 million.
Wide distribution from $500,000 to $300 million.
Will ROI justify investment?
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How can an investment in ERP software pay for itself?
Improved decision making yielding competitive advantage in market.
Improved production efficiency--greater yield with fewer resources.
Improved management of labor cost--dominant manageable business cost.
Reduced inventory risk (obsolescence, spoilage, etc.)
Improved reporting and compliance (reduction of manpower required, improved accuracy and currency)
To understand why we are where we are, it is helpful to study the recent past.
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Pre-history of business computing
Early history of business computing
1960s Focus on inventory management and control in production environments
LEO I (Lyons Electronic Office) debuted in 1951. First computer specifically focused on business computing.
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Early history of business computing
1970s MRP software debuts to assist in production scheduling and inventory mgmt.
(More) contemporary history of business computing
1980s MRPII expands focus of previous systems into management of entire production process
1990s ERP systems apply same data collection and handling mechanisms organization-wide
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Evolution of Business Computing
MRP--Materials Requirement Planning (1970s)
Focuses on resources needed to accomplish scheduled production and when they are needed.
MRPII--Manufacturing Requirements Planning (1980s)
Expanded approach to production planning, incorporating non-production data such as from marketing and finance. (What should be made?)
ERP--Enterprise Resource Planning (1990s)
Expansion of MRPII concepts to all business functions, not just production related. Integrated planning focus. (How can we best operate?)
Functional model of business
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Process model of business
How do they differ?
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Enter SAP
SAP pioneered the ERP software market.
Five former IBM employees in Manhheim, Germany founded SAP in 1972.
Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung
Systems Applications and Products (now), System Analysis Program Development (then)
Goals: Create software that would integrate business
processes.
Make data available interactively and in real time.
Users work with computer screen, not printed output.
SAP Software Timeline
1973 "System R" (real-time data processing) released to market. (Later came to be called "R/1")
1978 "R/2"
http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/r3_history.asp
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SAP Software Timeline
1992/93 SAP R/3--3 tiered architecture
Database, application, user interface (client)
Open architecture
Improved user interface
1994 and beyond
Enhancements and additional modules to R/3
Various "marketing names": SAP ECC, SAP Business Suite, mySAP, mySAP Business Suite, mySAP.com. SAP ERP, SAP Business Suite (preferred current names)
SAP ERP 3-tiered Client-server architecture
USER PCs USER PCs
Application Server
Application Server
Application Server
Application Server
Database Server
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Client-server system
Database and Application
Server
Nothing important is saved on your PC. Only things saved on the server are saved, and they are saved for good.
http://sap.uwm.edu/UWMDefault.htm
Who is SAP today?
SAP AG
World’s Largest Business Software Company
World’s Third-largest Independent Software Provider
Annual revenues exceeding $10 billion.
Company Statistics
51,400 employees in more then 50 countries
1,500 Business Partners
75,000 customers in more then 120 countries
12 million users
100,600 installations Source: SAP AG website
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SAP Software Applications
Small & Medium Size Solutions:
Business One 1-50 employees. SE (Small Enterprise) focus.
Bought (not made) by SAP. Not sold by SAP directly.
Business by Design 50-100/500 employees. SME (Small, Medium
Enterprise) focus.
Based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).
SAP All-in-One 100/500-1000 employees. ME (Medium Enterprise)
focus. http://www.sap-best-fit-adviser.com/adviser.aspx
SAP Business Suite
SAP NetWeaver
SAP SCM
SAP PLM
SAP SRM
SAP CRM
SAP ERP
SD
MM
PP
QM
PM
HR IS
WF
AM
CO
FI
PS
SAP R/3 Client/Server
ABAP Basis
Old Diagram New Diagram
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SAP Business Suite
SAP NetWeaver
SAP SCM
mySAP PLM
SAP SRM
SAP CRM
SAP ERP ECC 6.0
SAP NetWeaver
Set of cooperative technologies that provide internal connectivity between SAP modules and external connectivity with other systems.
NetWeaver Exchange Infrastructure (NetWeaver XI)
NetWeaver Portal
NetWeaver Web Application Server
NetWeaver Business Intelligence (NetWeaver BI)
Composite Application Framework (CAF) allows services to be abstracted and joined together into a customized process.
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SAP R/3 ERP Modules
FI Financial
Accounting
CO Controlling
Workflow PP Prod.
Planning
SD Sales &
Distrib.
MM Materials
Mgmt.
QM Quality
Mgmt.
PM Plant
Maint.
HR Human
Resources
AM Asset
Mgmt.
PS Project
System
SAP Industry Solutions—Best Practices
• Aerospace & Defense • Automotive • Banking • Chemicals • Consumer Products • Defense & Security • Engineering, Construction • Healthcare • High Tech • Higher Education • Industrial Machinery • Insurance • Life Sciences • Logistics Service
• Media • Mill Products • Mining • Oil & Gas • Pharmaceuticals • Postal Services • Professional Services • Public Sector • Railways • Retail • Telecommunications • Utilities • Wholesale Distribution
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SAP Duet
Microsoft, SAP partnership to add SAP functionality directly to Microsoft Office products
http://www.sap.com/solutions/duet/demos/index.epx
ERP System Functional Details
ERP Systems are large-scale applications that run on top of database systems for storage and data management.
SAP typically used with Oracle, DB2, or MS SQL.
Basic SAP installation--over 28,000 tables.
ERP Systems are not "install and go." Configuration required.
Configuration: making the standard software fit your business processes.
SAP: over 8,000 configuration decisions.
ERP Configuration Management--full time job
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ERP System Functional Details
Systems are large-scale distributed applications that need system level administration and control.
Performance tuning, network and equipment management, redundancy and backup, development and test systems, transport.
SAP "Basis Administration", "NetWeaver Administration" non-trivial for large company with significant infrastructure.
SAP Configuration, Development
Copyrights
Microsoft, Windows, Excel, Outlook, and PowerPoint are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM, DB2, DB2 Universal Database, System i, System i5, System p, System p5, System x, System z, System z10, System z9, z10, z9, iSeries, pSeries, xSeries, zSeries, eServer, z/VM, z/OS, i5/OS, S/390, OS/390, OS/400, AS/400, S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, PowerVM, Power Architecture, POWER6+, POWER6, POWER5+, POWER5, POWER, OpenPower, PowerPC, BatchPipes, BladeCenter, System Storage, GPFS, HACMP, RETAIN, DB2 Connect, RACF, Redbooks, OS/2, Parallel Sysplex, MVS/ESA, AIX, Intelligent Miner, WebSphere, Netfinity, Tivoli and Informix are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
HTML, XML, XHTML and W3C are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C®, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape.
SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAP Business ByDesign, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries.
Business Objects and the Business Objects logo, BusinessObjects, Crystal Reports, Crystal Decisions, Web Intelligence, Xcelsius, and other Business Objects products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects S.A. in the United States and in other countries. Business Objects is an SAP company.
Other products mentioned in this presentation are trademarks of their respective owners.
Presentation prepared by and copyright of Dr. Tony Pittarese, East Tennessee State University, Computer and Information Sciences Dept. ([email protected])
Podcast lecture related to this presentation available via ETSU iTunesU.