7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

1/12

SOILANDROCKFOR

GEOSCIENTISTAND

ENGINEERS.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

2/12

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

3/12

GeologistUnconsolidated mass of newly formed

mineral, relict mineral, organic matter,

organism, and water that form in place.

SOIL

Soil scientist. that support living thing.

Soil

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

4/12

ROCK

Sedimentary rocks.Formed when other material

deposit and follow by

compaction and cementation.

Geologist.

Rock is a naturally occurring

solid aggregate of one or more

minerals.

Metamorphic rocks.Formed when igneous and

sedimentary go through different

temperature and pressure.

Igneous rocks.

Formed when molten

magma cools.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

5/12

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

6/12

Volume and weight relation.

Specific gravity (density

material/ density of pure water)

Porosity ( n= = (Vv/Vt)x100 )

Void ratio (e = Vv/Vs )

Water content(W=(Ww/Ws)x100 )

Degree of saturation (saturated

and unsaturated )

Any material (rock, air and water) or mineral that has low strength

D

e

sc

r

i

pt

i

o

n

Particle size.

Coarse grain (sand and

gravel ).

fine grain ( silt and clay ). highly organic soil.

Cohesive.

Sticky when wet or dry.

Reclaim area.

Non cohesive.

Sticky only when wetted.

SOIL

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

7/12

Deformation of soil

Atterberg limit.

Change of water content due to stress applied.

Parameter - liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), shrinkage limit (SL).

Plasticity index, (LL-PL), indicate how much water can absorb bysoil particle.

High PI, tend be clay while low tend be silts.

Soil consistency.

Deformation behavior control by amount of water.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

8/12

Compressibility.

Volume change when

under load.

Properties of soil.Will determined the suitability of soil

and the usage.

Consolidation (static load).

total consolidation (max vertical

displacement ) and natural

consolidation.

Compaction ( change

mechanically).

Shear strength.

Resistance of soil toslide.

Measurement direct

shear and trixial tasting.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

9/12

Intact rock

Clean rock.

Deformation.

static elastic moduli(young modules and

poissons ratio).

Dynamic elastic moduli

(young and shear modulus,

poissons ratio).

Strength.

stress applied fail

(strongest rock).

Test Stress strength

and tensile strength.

Index test.

Point load test.

Schmidt rebound

hammer.

Durability test.

Chemical

weathering.

Hydrolysis.

Oxidation.

Acidification.

ROCK

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

10/12

Rock mass.

Has discontinuity.

Deformation.

Strength of deformation is important.

Modulus :

Sum of deformation that occur

with closure of joint under

compression.Occur with continues stress after

closure.

Insitu test.

Discontinuity.

Characteristic:

Orientationspacing

Continuity

Surface

Separation

filling of joint.

Shear strength (insitu &lab

test).

Weathering.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

11/12

Rock mass quality(RMQ)

Easy than deformation

Influence by:Intact rock strength.

Orientation.

Frequency of discontinuity.

Chemical weathering.

MethodDirect:

RQD ( rock quality designation )

Provide quantitative estimate ofrock mass quality from drill core

logs.

RSR (rock structure rating).

Describe quality of rock.

Indirect:

Seismic velocity.

Modulus elastic & dynamic elastic.

Insitu stressmeasurement:

Overcoring method.

Bonded strain gauge.

Borehole deformationgauge.

Photoelastic method.

7/30/2019 04 - Soil and Rock for Geoscientist and Engineers

12/12

-The End-

-Thank You-