0470087811 Building Construction4

7/29/2019 0470087811 Building Construction4

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This book

PublishedPublished

Printed in the United

10 76

on

New


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conceived torange of human activities in

economic, and andnatural and built environments that constrain

a e V i ~ l ( ) t J m e r l t . We should rh;?lAotf1Y'Oconsider the contextua I orces that a in planningthe and construction of

r f 1 V l , ' 1 / l " ~ I V 1 h \ l and natural habitat of asite allin the

intoof the sun, the rush of the wind, and the flow

Consideration of these contextual on andcannot without abrief discussion of


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license fromCanadian r ; M r , , , ~ , , : r ~ V i r r r


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11

27%

and warms the

I n p r : ~ r . l n l ' 1 C ; and MaintenanceMaterials &Construction

While some of this infraredthe

and r e ~ e m i t t e d in all directionsby I l I "Ptmhr l l lC;p

pmr''' ' ' ' 'A' "r ' " , of

Architecture 2030 is an environmental whosemission is "to information and innovative solutionsin the fields of architecture and

r'lts

and IlrPlonl1rlllc;p

What relevant to any discussion of sustainablethat most of theattributable to the

may come from


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Gravel Sand

Clean GW6 . 4 ~ 7 6 . 2 mm GP

GIv1

Clean SWO . o 5 ~ 6 . 4 m m

Sands wi fines SIv1Iv1L

O . o 0 2 ~ 0 . 0 5 mm CLOL


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mix


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(v)/ horizontal distance (h)] x100The between contour lines

in elevation and the horizontalbetween the two contours.

f ' I V 1 f ' \ / l ~ ' J V 1 I 1 \ 1 refers to the of surface featureswhich influences where and how to build and

To ofa to

Contour lines are ,m::Lr'lIn'Jr\/elevation above adatum or bench mark. of eachcontour line indicates the of the land formation at thatelevation. Note that contour lines are continuous and

view only when

of the site, and the nature ofand the

interval between contours. For or20' or 40' (5 or 10 m) contour intervals may be

For small 1',2', oror1.om)

Ground over 25% erosion anddifficult to build on.

Ground over 10%outdoor activitiesGroundinformal outdoor activities and can be built on withoutGround 5% are usable for most outdoor

build on.


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Warm& Heavier cool

into


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movement.


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rU

, Altitude theelevation of the sun abovethe horizon.

4844 Toronto40 Denver

Tulsa32 Phoenix

18 4222 4626 5030 5434 58

Azimuth of south for sunrise, and west of south for

124 056 12258 120 060 11862 1160

The

ofashould be to maintain balance between underheated

when solar radiation is beneficial and overheatedwhen radiation should be avoided.

The of the sunand the latitudea site should obtained from aweather almanac orservice bureau before , " "1 '


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nrntprti.nn on

Provide solar windows outdoor


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N

,j

LEED EA Credit RenewableLEED EA Credit 6Green Power

00

heat the

liic;t:rihllitinn and control of solar energy.

hour W/mr'/hr), used inof solar radiation on

solar

for solarcollection

* Area should be 30% to 50% of floor area in coldclimates and 15% to 25% offloor area in r DW1VWV ' ' 1 r n

, Concrete: 12 J1 to 18 1J Brick: 1O" to 14 1J'Adobe: to 12"

, Vents.

minimize

andheat distribution.

on the rpl::rflnt1C;hlVl between the sun, the interiorand there ways in which

indirect


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wall


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, Horizontal most effectivewhen have southern orientations,

combine the

to wall.range of

characteristics of horizontal and verticallouvers and have high ratio,r f l { H " C 1 I . I ~ ' " sometimes referred to

very efficient in hot climates,

MosterFormot 10 71 13 Sun

orItonlati(;allv with time or

controls to the

low sun, Louver's may interfere with view,

50%c W t : J t ~ n a l l l C l on

Devices

devices shield windows and otherin warm weather,

on their form and orientation relative to the solaraltitude and azimuth for the time and season of

Exterior devices are more efficient than thoselocated within interiorsolar rays beforewindow,Illustrated

, Vertical louverswestern PV\!1(1G;1 moe;

, Louvers may be

can reach an exterior wall or

devices, Their

for

aut(Jmaticaliv with time or t : J h 0 1 ~ o e l , e c t r ' i c controls

shadeand orientation,


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for

exterior wall ass,eml?lles.r-"",'''O''''WlAI'D the runoff of rain and snow fromconstt'ucted and increases theamount of storm water that must be drained from the

Cisterns for /''''I.orr .

structure.

roofs shed rainwater If the60 the roof may

and to stormnatural outfall on the


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ND


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, High inletsin

, Flat roof up to 7:12

, Outlets should beor inlets formaximum airflow,

, The of an outlet

direct flow

of windbreak

7:12

The direction and ofsite considerations in all climaticdaily variations in wind should be

structure,Wind-induced ventilation of interior aids in the

necessary for health and odor removal. In hotand in humid ventilation is

beneficial for convective or Naturalventilation also reduces the energyfans and eCWit7ment.

EQCredit

of airflow are affected more by buildingorientation than

The ventilation of concealed roof and crawlremove

attic ventilation reduce overhead

\ I \ l l n , ( ] r J r f ' : r l ~ c , reduceof relative calm on their

on the

tJenl::I:ratlle windscreenin wind shadow on the leeward

side of theThe structure, rnf'l ' lnnrlPnrbe anchored to

orsuction on the sides and leeward surfaces and normal towindward roof surfaces less than 302.09 for more information on wind forces,


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Views

txt?imSlve view

TJ


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(GxH)]/(A B)

nhrr . vVV""n n of allovvable width 01' C/A

LEED Credit

limit the

with any restrictiondefine three-dimensional

which the volume ofa may notextend. Refer to the ordinance for


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n N


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MasterFormat 0 00MasterFormot 30 00

1. Provide formovement to

transit

and circulation for "'D,;"crr , 'Onc

2. Determine the number

and automobile traffic.for nl41nrAOVlr\l

11.

from the for theCarre by Alvtlr Aalto.


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MinimumHandrails

or

* Avoidwheelchair traffic.

ON


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Berth: 101to 121

One lane: 131lU minimum

, Two lanes:18 1 minimum

, 3 1 ~ 0 1 lwheel21-6 11

~ + W ~ ' W _ " " W " & Transition to o n e ~ h a l f ofmain

111 minimum


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, 7'-0 11 minimum

minimum width

N


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... :::;;.:,,= .....

(51 MasterFormat 31 00MosterFormat 00MasterFormat 31 00

erosion from the runoff of surfacewater some means of stabilization. The forstabilization can reduced by the runoffat theofthe or by to reduce the

ofthe runoff.

erosion.of

Filter fabric or and

Gabions are aalvani7P-r;j or PVC-coated wirestructure,Filter fabric

to form an abutment orto an embankment

for

filled

Natural means of stabilization include soil hlnr:IPrc,-V11::lnrerosion by

of

cover and network of that bind the soil.


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, T, T

by


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should extend belowthe frostline or 21

whichever

or live loads.

Wall

when

used forcounterfort

o n e ~ h a l f the

may be to relieve the ofbehind the wall.

minimumminimum

o.c., and v e r ~ i c a l


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wi

Gravel for walls over

NGfor or vehicular


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1% minimummay

, Grid or turf block:

* Consult local

000

thick , Granite cobble: or 6" thick(100 or 150 150 thick)

andtwo of

receive moisture from ' H i "H f " v > c f " nAM

thick

, Cut stone: w i d ~ h and 1 " ~ 2 " thick

and installation recommendations.


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The site natural and built features


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ofasite and describes construction in relationto these features. Usually based on anland survey, the is an essentialconstruction documents. AwmUIC::[,itiGlthe items:1. Name and2. Address of

6.7.8.

ownerifdifferent from owner's

boundaries

location and elevations of newconstruction

9. Identification and dimensions10,

11.

ofconnections

20, I( ptprpnrpc, to related and details


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ONA


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meridians north-south reference lines p,c;t:8t711'lhp,r;at substantial landmarks forof land. .' " '.,. """"" ..... , ....... _.},...... r,-, "t, -'."'" ' ~ I - - ~ " ~ ' ~

, Guide meridians northsouthreference lines located betweencorrection lines at 24-mile

baseline, Correction lines

reference lines locatedintervals

and southfor the convergence of Vf1prlti lC1nc.and

(SI MasterFormat 02 21 1 Site

and boundaries of ametes-andbounds surveyor a vvI/C1IIV1UIClI

or made with reference to

and dimensions of each lot.The v v I / C ~ I I ( A U I C l , based on

and

numbered subdivisions;mnt'mlirn;Ji:f:i\l one mile

and further subdivided


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construction are not 110(', 'C;C;'1rllllr'lVHnrH,I'''' An of the methods


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m : : l T . p r l ~ l I C ; VlOJ I I IV I lVJ , and c o m t J o n l ~ n t s

VIUU'(A"V'JV it. AworkingK n O V V l e a l ~ e of building construction only one of severalcritical factors in the execution of architecture. When

the art of we should

, Theof abuilding

The of human activities anddimensionThefunctional of theto

and unifiedcan be

embodiment of anumber ofS U ! 7 ~ ? v s G e m s that must be


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The manner in which we the variousin construction should


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, Fire resistance,, Allowable or desirable thickness of construction ::Ic;C;PI11YJIIPC;Control of heat and assemblies

wear, corrosion, and IUD '1 rnDr i l 1 t1Cleatnltness, and maintenance

and detail

, Initial

energyaintenance and A h A ' H A r " , , ~demolition and r e t J l ; ~ c e n 1 e n t and interest on invested money

and rnC/1I1rr,6C

, Conformance to, Division of labor and coordination of

constraints, Construction, Erection time, Provisions for inclement weather


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rA(JIIIrAtl1An't.:; orconcerns, model code maymunlclpcl!rr,ywith amendments.

ONThe IBe classifies the construction of a aCC(Jralin(J to the


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and interiorfloor and roof assemblies,

elements,III have noncombustible exterior walls and

material code.HT) have noncombustible

interior elements of solid orand without

of rel7reserrGatlve

A B A A B HT A

Structural frame 0 0 0walls

Exterior 2 0 2 0Interior 0 0 1/HT 0

walls Varies with location on and distance to structuresFloor construction 2 2 0 0 HT 0

Roof construction 11/2 0 0 HT 0


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r " Y " " r r "H n often withatJtJlllcal;lOn. Undera

in relation to


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An consistsofa of'l1nlllT"I'"n::l'vibrations induced in the earth's crustof fault lines. The shocks of an p::Irf'ht1ll::l11


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Ground acceleration

the earth's1"". , , , , i rhWlir 1Ih with distance from its source. While these

the more critical in structuralI n : 1 l ' l ~ r : 1 r r \ l I l n l l elements of astructurehave considerable reserve for additional vertical loads.

brief introduction to the way astructuralmust resolve all of the forces and channel themtothe


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two conditions are necessary.the vector sum of all forces on it must

of all moments of the forces

Aconcentrated load

has reactions at its

zero, rotational

of the live load on floorwall.

maintain the equilibrium of the whole.


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Beams to transferC; l lnYlnrt inl l elements. The

nonconcurrent and


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d e t l l ~ c t i ( J n , which must be resistedmaterial.

Deflection

of the

of each element of an

the moment of inertia of the section dividedthe neutral axis to the most remote

of rotation.

from


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& A i x e d ~ e n d beam


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and bottom chords are the members ofa russ from end to end and connected byweb members.Web is thethe

a nrrpc;nllnrl '111chord.

Heel

, Vierendeel

of members rnMYlDrf ',Yl/1truss.

within the web ofaon chord and

on an

c ; l l m l n r t : , ~ r l end ofa russ.

framed beam structuresvertical web members connected to

and bottom chords. Vierendeelare not true

forces.


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_.

Plate structures arestructures that

with the loads / Ione)""I I \ .1 "YnllnlAlllnl1of a


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structure a einforced concrete slab.

orstructure.

In rrp"c;.pc; the number of members into which shear istransferred and reduces the forces in the members. 6.10for more information on frames.


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The c a t : J ; ~ I 7 I I I r ; v of horizontal elementsof their vertica I

relaClOnSMIO between theof structural elements influences the dimensions and


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, Planks

g Joist slabs

, Flat

Waffle

oo

10 20 30 4010

scale of the defined ofbuilding. The dimensions and

in turn. should be related to the VlrntlY'c:JWlmc:J1',lrY'PI1IIIY'Pf'r1pnfc of the

60 7020

80 90 10030

feetmeters


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,A may in one or two directionsto accommodate the dimensional of

, A igid floor structure,The structural elements building must be

to form astable structureastructural

to not only carry vertical


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or

withstand lateral wind and seismic forces fromThe following are the basic mechanisms

Asteel or reinforced concrete frame withof in

concrete, or masonry walland lateral loads to the

A imber or steel frame braced with members

may be used or in combinationto stabilize structure. Of the three verticalframe tends to be thebe useful when p,rrlrJ'I{)VII'Inform undesired barriers betweenLateral forces tend to be more critical in the short direction of

and more efficient shear walls or bracedused in this direction. In the long

f { ) r r . p . " r l ~ C i I C ; L 1 n i l elements may be used.

Bents are braced or framesvertical and lateral loads transverse to theframed structure.


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A


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mounted on rollersofa tall withto


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Adame iscircular a


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Schwedler domes steel dome structures , Lattice domes steel dome c;t.rllr.t.llrpc;members that follow the lines of members that follow the circles of

latitude and third of

that are r.nmnrpC;C;IIIP near the crown and tensile in

vertical sectionthe surface of the dome

" D d ~ r ' 1 i I 4 i n / l themovement of the meridionalof a

forces toof from

Geodesic domes are steel dome c ; t r l l r t l l r pc ;members that follow three

at 60, ;;U1l01IVHAIIi IA

(51 Mnd" , i - f l rmn t 00 Structures


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network of cables sustJenaea'nrm1rpc;c;inn members to

, The

, ;cJfllr:-C,I, , ;\lccflstructures have vertical or inclinedfrom which cables extend tomembers in

MosterFormot 13


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IONSThe manner in which forces transferredfrom one structural element to the next

'dJi",j\l,",[lfJonand connections used. Structural

to each other in three


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connector: bolt Linear connector: weld Surface connector:

Welded steel connections Reinforced concrete

ways.to be continuous andelement to make the connection.

allow all of the connected

to formstructural connection.

the structuralelements may be in the formora While linear and surface

translation in direction nprv lpnf l l l f ' l I l : : l rinto or away from their faces.

in constructionor fixed connections

when must allow e X D ; ~ n S I I J nand contraction ofa t r u c ~ u r a l element tooccur.

resists translationthe cable. in the direction of


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The foundation is the lowest division of a 7 1 1 1 1 / 1 1 n 1 l ~ I V : ;or wholly below the

loads it servescritical link in the distribution and resolution of building


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, Thrust from arched or tensile structures

the foundation must be to bothof the C;11Y),Orc;tr l lr lr .l lrpabove and

and water below.

on basementwalls. In some may also have tocounter the thrust from arched or tensile structures.

soil on

earth soil into the horizontal movement of a oundation.

LateralnonuniformSome shear is frictionbetween the foundation and the IIMI110rl\IIMfl soil.


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Foundations utilize combinationand to transmit

substructures:theof


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DaSernt:rr\;s wholly orcontinuous foundation wall to hold

and exterior walls and columns of the

installations,

Concrete earthand thickened to carry wall and columneconomical foundation and floor for

crt'"rr"t'DC. in where little or nooccurs,


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InllPrnlnt11n1l refers to thec;rrcnllrhpnlnll the foundation of an

new excavation infoundation.


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00

foundationtAUUIJuIIGtA, needle beams are

the foundation wall and carried byand shores.

to

new foundation walladditional until the

or onr" , . " " " " " " , , , remove section of

foundation with reinforced


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The lowest shallow foundation

The contact area istransmitted and the allowable

soil


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d or unit masonry wallsd or concrete wallsfor shear

AMfW ' II riff" ,! tpVf1VlprClt'l,rp reinforcementTensile reinforcement when athan half of the foundation wall thickness and

of

Frostline the average which soil is frozenf l fCIIICLf A! , r : '4 the

rnml!1Clrtpt1 in 8" to 12"

wall

controlled moisture content, can be used to make up the extra


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Foundation walls

walls must


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Active

is'rrcH1c;tprrpt1

combination of soil friction on the bottomand the of

soilfoundation walls,

dowels or mechanicalfoundation wall to


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18 1 x24"to crawl

Clearance is

may on

formwork

Anchor bolts sill of construction;and 4,28,


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811 minimum wall thickness, Horizontal and vertical reinforcement as

by 5.06,

Anchor bolts for sill construction;and

units in bond with M mortarminimum nominal wall thickness

3.09,dowels anchor foundation wall to

Full on VUlAll lJl l IAA


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anchored to

Asubsoil

) : : l m V l V l r l ~ n t i l n / l is to a oundation wall when subsoilconditions indicate that 14"," ,,,,"'1' 11'i 0 from the


88/472

foundationto storm well.or natural outfall lowerelevation on the

minimum

J:1mVlnr,'1ntlnll may consist of abituminousmodified cement

concrete masonry walls with not less than (10)bituminous

Amudslab of unreinforced concrete used when thelAl:1tprnr'nntinll membrane continues under the slab

surface on unstable soil.


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Vertical reinforcementLateral reinforcement

also 5.04 for concrete column details.

Steel dowels anchor column to


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(51 I\IInci'orf"nrmnt(51 1 \ 1 \ f 1 ( " t r \ Y ~ f \ r n ' f 1 t

minimumreinforcement

d effective

3/1 minimum cover forreinforcement when concrete is

Critical section

Critical

ofavailable. Consult

manufacturerfor allowable loadsand installation details.

also be

c o n n e c ~ i o n s .

A where:

P Column load in

A

in

distribute thecolumn load over an area wide

allowable


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$ H/3 or 40' m)

, Ground

width minimum

should notof soil or rock.

on

In

level to serveofaconcrete slab

f.nnI1I1r;1nhll and soil


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(51 MasterFormat 03 30 00(51 MasterFormat 03 31 00

( In. l l f l . , , ,nr , , (oncrete

Tv ,rvn"r :c . thickness

Welded wire fabric reinforcementof the

on

differential movement in the soil bars may beheavier-than-normalfloor loads.

may be toand

MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS WIRE SIZEFEET (M) INCHES (MM) (NUMBER)

6x6 W1.4x W1.4x W2.0 xW2.o

6x6 W2.9xW2.9


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masonry wall and foundation

to transmit loads


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6 1 minimum clearfrom any wood to finish

sill

from any

should be usedwall or column transmits

or concentrated load.

1211 minimum

, Aconcrete slab may be thickened to

minimum


95/472

cover

foundations elevate timber structures above theD\ l r ' " l l l '1T1Af ' and


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CSI I \ l \ l l c tCl rHHnl l l t 06 13 6 Construction

Seismic zone

Floors shouldtransfer the

I1IArJ'nrAflrYi toof the structure,

have shorter

When the necessary embedment is not such on asteel rod with turnbuckles or shear walls of


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Solid ordrilled holes with

an

connection,

and caisson foundations.


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MasterFormat 31 60 00

n::lrHJP::lr lnll wallReinforced concrete or tie beam with

in clusters of two or more,to

the heads cluster ofin order to distribute the load from column or beam

the

12" minimum

frictional resistance ofafor The skin friction aeV/;IO!?13a

and the soil into which the

" p ~ r , " ' T ' H , p , ' r " the deviation ofa from location orcan result in reduction of its allowable load.

stratum of soil or rock


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I r Y 1 I C ; V l l Y 1 , ~ C ; and movableof the floor

must transfer their loads


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t7e considered in thethe floor. The conditions of the floor structure and

foundation and wall affectof a and

The of the floor construction and the within itshould be considered if it accommodate runs ofmechanical or electrical lines within the floor For floor

between habitableadditional


103/472

111 clear minimum or not less thannominal bar0 or

minimum coversteel reinforcement from fire and corrosion \ ~ ' < _ < _ < __ _bevel or chamfer

Reinforced concrete beams are

Beam in 211, Rule of thumb for h r ~ " " " " ~ I I 4 " concrete

beam:


104/472

extend into and down

vertical Mo/ lV lnnDVlT tension.

measured from the rnmnrl'c;c;inn

Beam width should be towidth of column.

varyreinforcement rather than beam

in 211 or 3"

as tensionreinforcement in the section ofaconcrete beamto the

moment.IVIIC1IIVW011IlW bars bent up or down

of moment reversal in beam.


105/472

moreheavier loads than o n e ~ w a y

in thereinforcement

slab of uniform thickness may be reinforced in two directions andwith beams and columns on all four

resistance to lateral forcesslabs constructed


106/472

increments.removal.

with nnC;'r.TPtlC;lnnlnll For maximum {) r t l l ' r { ) f1 ,0 \1

rule of thumb for slab

structural unit over three or morelower' rnoments than

rule of thumb for total

Waffle slabs can be cantilevered in two directions up toWhen no cantilever is a slab band


107/472

Steel tendons are first stretched across thetwo abutments until

reinforced by ortendons within their elastic

tendons are transferred to the concrete,section of the flexural member in rnl1'lYlrP'C;C;ll ln

or

in the

com'entlOnallY reinforced member of the same size, ",,,,,,v'Averi,,,,, and


108/472

is then in formwork around the stretched tendons andfully cured. The tendons in order to reduce themaximum by alone.

The deflection of the member undercurvature.

MosterFormot 03 38 00 ConcreteMosterFormat 03 40 00 Precast Concrete

tends its

Dead load

Dead load and

concrete member by theconcrete is

Combined dead load and

, Final combined

lost due to the combinedof the concrete, relaxation of

and at the c:lnrlhnr;IIlPC;

in


109/472

For economy, standard formsshould be inmanner whenever

concrete can exert on it.


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C51 M n d ' ' ' r ~ n r m n t 03 10 00 Concrete Accessories

for

concrete slab or beam has curedown form work removed and the

slab or beam reshored until the concrete it ull

5 . o 7 ~ 5 . 0 8 for the formworkfor concrete columns and walls.

, L i f t ~ s l a b constructionraised into by


111/472

A "with

, 12'to 24'

6 1,8",10 11,1211


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20 11 to 48" to

1211 to

, 12" or

I J J VV l lA V 'V ' ofState , 36'to60'(1Oto18m) range


113/472

into column

Structural steel and columns used toconstruct askeleton frame for structures from

to C;VlIC;rr::Hlprc;

this can result in construction ofastructural frame. Structural steel may be left in' ' ' '1 'M'Af 'A, ' f ' ' ' ' ; noncombustible construction. but because

fire"rated assemblies or


114/472

(51 AIInctcH;,nrnlnt 05 2 00

, Connectionstransitional such steel

or The actualconnections may be riveted but aremore often bolted or welded.

connections.MI1MrIP?Y'rMIl or curtain wall 7.24.

wi

the concentrated load by acolumnor beam that the resultant unit

does not exceed the allowable unitmaterial.


115/472

'W Ii i

or sections.Rules of thumb for pc:;ti:m::ltinfJ

is to the steel section

limitsintended

and shearforces within allowablerHlr""' :"" Ddeflection for


116/472

In addition to materialfor erection.

also consider the labor costs


117/472

C;pml-I"If1!l l1 connections.

connection made by Two welded orthe bolted to column and web

of beam

connection made by


118/472

welded tobolted to web

welded to beam allaround and bolted to column

( , { )W1Vl { )r l 0nr of the

F r a m e ~ c o n n e c t i o n slimited


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vary

8K1 to16 1 m)lOK1 m)

7m)m)

to 10 m)11m)

m)m)

LH

, Floor deck


120/472

, Floor deck of the, Floor deck may consist

Metal w/concrete fill

lateral

analOiAOIJS to


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, Concrete floor slab


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fi fi t1ctr\Y.,C\rn1f1t 05 30 00

of metal

nprtYl::JrJPrI 1 ' r , ~ m \ ! : J , , ~ 1 ! fora reinforcedItself and live load.

tensile reinforcement for thebonded with rib

for electrical and communicationsavailable for floor outlets. The

when the VWV'i' .hV>0fn/l

Rule of thumb for overall, Consult the manufacturer for

gauges, and allowable


123/472

Wto

, Joists may be

, Reinforced


124/472

, Connectionsinserted with an electric or nnPllm::rnr

welded cotllneC1:,lOtlS

ranges of IltllTt-tl::lIltlA


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Metal wallContinuous runnerAnchor

or thefor construction. If

floor structure can servenlcHll1r"::l/lJ1c1 to transfer lateral loads to shear


126/472

material.

(SI MosterFormot 06 11

discussion of wood construction


127/472

'2xlO 101to 141

anchors or holddowns may bethe wall and to the

foundation

or headero,c.


128/472

direct contact between

minimum for wood beamson concrete or masonry

Thicken wall to form ifadditional

iAlSCUSSlon of balloon and


129/472


130/472

in

of

@16"


131/472

nailed wi

For rated

Structural I32/1636/16

48/24

Over subfloorOver board subfloor

otherboard

Consult the American

(lr:U1PC;T.;:]rrm found on the back of


132/472

Sturd+floot,

MasterFormat 06 16 00 ::>nellmmq

and thicker.

the maximum

laid

secured with ors c r e w ~ s h a n k nails. Consult the APA for detailed recommendations.


133/472

consultbuilding

Wood

Stud wall


134/472

minimum

chord.

Continuous nailerfor lateralof bottom chords

Wood stud or masonry wall

Continuous

Wood stud ormasonry wall

the

Wood beam orstud wall

@


135/472

, Provides resistance tohorizontal

of metal attachments are manufactured forl W V 1 / 1 ~ T ('1_'''1),,,,., \ A l i ' 1 n l 1 , ~ T n - n l p l , : : 1 1 and w n n . ( l - T , ( ) ~ m ; l C ; n n l r \ '

resisted ort , r : :1 t lc ; tp rrp l ' l the connectors may be nailed or bolted.

beamSill


136/472

For \ A J P I I ~ C ; p : : l C ; n n , p r 1

Positive

of

IIlprl1::1n.rl lnl1 beam

3" minimumFoundation wall

of minimumof the on either side

column


137/472

the allowable rnmnrpc;c,i\/pbeam and material not exceeded.

may be left


138/472

MasterFormat 06 1(51 06 1

~ D r , r ; n / l ~ i " \ 1 beams may over or framebeams to reduce of

Iimitto1/4ofand concentrated loads

additionalto

material and labor

sound transmission, andforthermal insulation,

and ductwork.

in


139/472


140/472


141/472

Walls are the vertical constructions ofaand

interior ofavertical loads, exterior wall

able withstand horizontal windcan serve walls and

lateral wind and seismic thefoundation,


142/472

exterior walls shieldweather for the interior

their construction should control the

structural

and windows must constructeddistributed around

VlmCII.81:lnn. view,well as the constraints of the

and modular wall


143/472

Reinforcement thevertical reinforcement and C;T.rpnIlDlpnc;the column

, Dowels tie column toC;llnYlnrr:,Orl beams and

, Inclined bars should notexceed 1:6

Concrete columns arevertical and lateral reinforcement inforces. Consult astructuralcode forthereinforcement.


144/472

(51 III1f1rtr IYH'lr f11f1t(51 / \ I \ f1ctr,Y; 'Arn1flt(51 MasterFormat 03 31 00

minimLHl1not over 48

width minimum

, Round columns:10"minimum

the column., Vertical reinforcement should not be less than 1% nor

more than 8% four No.minimum for tied columns or six No. bars

3"concrete isto earth

Below frostlineContact area distributes column load toensure that the allowable of theC;llnYlnrt-inll soil not eXCc;eClB:Cl; minimum.


145/472


146/472


147/472

Formconcrete. While various ~ M A < O H ' h " ~ n M"

thereshe bolts.

have notches or that allowtheir ends to be off below the concrete


148/472

Concrete

removed forthe concrete.

insidegroove in the surface of a

These also available

on the outside

member.


149/472

form,

Up to 48 1 m) 1211 to 2411

cast and s t e a m ~ c u r e d inand

rnW1Vlnnl>nrc Fabricationenvironment enables the units to have

consistent of and andeliminates the need for o n ~ s i t e formwork.


150/472

(51 03 00MasterFormat 03 00

columns can be clssumed toindicated floor and roof areas.


151/472


152/472


153/472


154/472


155/472

wallsSolidHollow

175

170 150

,Truss orladder ties

Solid masonry walls may be constructed of either solidor hollow masonry units laid withsolidly filled with mortar.

walls areunits (CMU) bonded with rI IWI/""l . f ll

masonryreinforcement.

Concrete masonry units (eMUs)reinforcement fully embedded

reinforcement not to

Vertical cells of the concrete blocks may bereinforced with in


156/472

Mnd ' / l r l - " rmn t 04 20 Unit(SI MasterFormat 04 05 23 Accessories

minimum mortar cover between tiesreinforcement and any faceminimum mortar thickness between

masonry and reinforcement

solid


157/472


158/472


159/472

. Abelow the

struck from acenterline.

lines of thrust must coincide with the arch axis. Amasonry arch may of brick coursework

or individual stone voussoirs.1\ H'r'MH0n",,, soldier and rowlock courses


160/472

, A a s k e t ~ h a n d l e

, ATudor archof curves with radii muchthat

camberto allowfor

ofthe inner of an

or

for each 411


161/472

o Confirm with* Limit deflection

block wifill

and:(1) At(2) At(3) Near corners

On both

every 100' ounbroken wall

or thicknessand wall intersections

IIWU:::'vdIJIt; metal

, Brick masonry

of movement

and contract within r.l'mVll'r::1t.llrl'

masonry units tend to absorb water andwhile concrete masonry units shrink as

manufacture. toaccommodate these dimensional should belocated and so not thestructural of the masonry wall.


162/472

-. Ivlortarfillinterlocks

wall

to breakof movement

it dries after construction. G , h ~ I ' f 1 I 1 ' 1 " Dcontrolled by

m o i s t u r e ~ c o n t t ' O l l e d concrete masonry units and

toof air and water and interlock

allow movement.

Wall (L) 60 ' m)LlH ratio 4


163/472

Rowlock sill Continuous

holes

, Rowlock reinforced


164/472

Reinforced concrete foundationwallPerimeter insulation

Wood


165/472

reinforcement

wall rl 'fl l l lrPI11pnr.c;

themasonry unit, ormortar in which

masonry unit laid,the

between two masonry units,wall.

"T/lJrlI 'A l l \ ! with


166/472

, Concave Joint

, For

finished bywith trowel. In troweled

off withthe

mortar toc , r l l l : : l r p ~ p ; i l 1 p i 1 tool before

, For, For

nominal dimensions that include the

of masonry


167/472

bond fOt'm of

Structuralcells or


168/472

8"

masonry wall rprlIllrPtl1pnr.c;

Mnd'or>-f1rmnt 04 23

, Nominal dimensions

may have different color.

cAlmenSlons. and

orwI


169/472

Structuralor channel

1" minimum

beam channel anchoredto lintel construction

# 1" minimum

Wood ormetal stud


170/472

1" minimum

anchors weldedtube or column

movement;minimumBacker rod and

Mortaremulsion

minimum Provide lateral

with 1"or with


171/472

Adobe and r a m m e d ~ e a t t h havelow tensile but a

of300

r a n m 1 e d ~ e a r t h construction liesin the and nOrrlO{;lCnCOIjSnature of the wall.

While

is another traditionalstiffmixture

rnmnt'pC;C:;Pt1 and dried within formswall construction. The soil mixture should contain than

50% and maximum (610).Saltwater should never be used in the mix.

, Structural loads cannot bedried and cured.


172/472

Wood anchors door and windowwith the earth wall.

Sound foundations and

Minimum Wall

Provide c r o s s ~ w a l lWindow and door(710) to any corner.The total of wallthe wall

should be limited to of


173/472

Two vertical dowels

the

stonecornice over awindow

minimumeMU or reinforced concreteSlush fill voids for solid wallcontinuous air wall


174/472

may be II.Ic:llPrm'nntp/i to

Noncorrosive

Plinthcourse of stonesfoundation ofawall.

or anchors in

of


175/472

Because the columns in steel frame structuretransfer the lateral loads down to the

There are three basic may beestablished between astructural steel frame and the

, Column within the wall, Column behind the wallThe or curtain wall may bet ; l lnl1nrt .p; j in one of two ways:

columns alonecolumns well by beams or

of floor


176/472

columns or from floor to floorof mullions

andvariations in

or windConnection should allowdifferential movement between

well

information on curtain wall7 . 2 4 ~ 7 . 2 6 .

may be sustJenc,1ec,1

wall units one floorFor may be braced either:

Below the floorAbove the floor

W

Welded * Cruciform Welded


177/472

Double wood beamconnector welded to column


178/472

t n J c K n e ~ ) s e s may be used

up

Aseismic foundation connectionutilizes and anchorbolts into concrete foundation,

A to distribute the concentratedin not exceeded,


179/472

steel studsContinuous r'unner channel

, Reinforced onmetal

Dout71e channel


180/472

TrussedcOt'ners next to

Double or nested


181/472

into


182/472

Foundationwall

14'

2x6


183/472

, Exterior wall r " h , " ~ l A , "and finish

6.21-6.22 for

Second floor wallfirst floor below

conditions.

similartoSee 4.30 for floor/


184/472

,6" minimumclearance betweenfinish and wood

Interior wall finish

, 2xsillsee 4.28.

anchored to foundation Provide beam or wall


185/472

Nail @8 11 o,c,

manufacturer's


186/472

MasterFormat 06 6 00 ::,neathmq

of


187/472

P o s t ~ a n d " b e a m construction utilizes framework of vertical Roof conventional wood and horizontal beams to carry both floor and roof loads.

The beams the floor andsee their loads to or columns

down to the foundation

, The skeleton frame

connections, and the


188/472

by individual

Columns: notnot less than 8x6 nominal when

06130 Construction

wood


189/472


190/472

and beamanchors available,Consultmanufacturerfor

andallowable loads,

be

concrete whento weather or water to

to weather,


191/472

EA Credit 1:


192/472

~


193/472

as

Reinforced concrete roof slabs are formed and inillustratedhe

on

of roof insulation for

may by reinforced concrete

of7.12

reinforced concrete or walls ofor masonry,

Wear


194/472

MasterFormat 03 20 00 Concrete KelntorclnaMasterFormat 03 30 00MasterFormat 31 00

of aconcrete may in


195/472

A lat roof structure may be framed with structuralmembers similar to the way floors framed,

4 , 1 4 ~ 4 , 1 5 ,

may beor continuous

theor by


196/472

MasterFormat 1 00

Girders roof beams and


197/472

Steel maynoncombustibleconstruction.A.12 t /)" H"fl>1Jri/V,tiM/\

m)

2.16 for more information on Steelstructuralframework.

Members are bolted or welded with

from aeV,BIO[1n01.of truss members and the load

should common


198/472

(51 MasterFormat 05 00

range forrange for

allows them to


199/472

and six structural members.

Illustrated


200/472

Welded connection Bolted connection , Threaded contlectlons

MosterFormot 1 Frames

structuralor vv -c,n::Jn."c,

, Fabricated r A n n / ) r 0 r A ~ r :, Consult manufacturer for

and allowable

the members.module


201/472

wall wall

Joists may frame intowall to form

or bear on thewall to form flush or


202/472

MosterFormat 21 00 Joist


203/472

toor more

for thermal insulation and membraneto

beams and to

tothewith screws, welds,

til::lr:ll1r::l/lm and transfer lateral loadsIn

thermal insulation and membraneTo for the ad hesion of

wide and flat. If themay have to be meC;harllcallly


204/472

1U to

vary. Consult manufacturer for availableallowable and installation details.


205/472

antwo inclined

the horizontal line of intersectionbetween two roof.

' W V J ~ ' ' ' C 1 n V J ~ louver.the end of

roof.

from


206/472

, Knee walls short wallsintermediatetheir

some

structural horizontal member " ' " vW'AV"h" ,Aat the of a roof.

With sufficient natural and


207/472

similar to floor

may be constructedwith 1 1 ( j 1 1 r ; ~ ( j / l I I ( j A steel members in manner

members may also be screwed or weldedform roof trusses similarto

those described on 6.29.

and


208/472

v Double

v Corner

, DoubleTail

Common


end wall of dot'merbe

and be an extension of theexterior wall illustratedwith shed dormer.

onof exterior stud wall.

6 . 1 6 ~ 6 . 1 7 for roof forms and


209/472

Ventilation at thewith continuous

or by louvered vents in the7.47.

NGboard

be construction; 1x material


210/472

, Critical

Eave detail


211/472

Wood or metal7.19.

CtvlU welll


212/472

or

Wood wall

20/024/024/0

40/20


213/472

A einforced concrete ormasonry wall

should be sufficient to ensure theofthe beam and


214/472

and

f i f inc tn, r f . 'Hrr1nt 06 1 Construction

structural members, P l a n k ~ a n d ~ b e a m

construction if the structureby n o n ( ~ o m Ijust;,Die. fI rp"rpC;,IC;T.lIIP

exterior walls and the wood members andmeet the minimumin the


215/472

, For

washerscounterbored into beams. ~ ~ ~ ' < " < l " ~ " ' ~ ~ ' ~ ' ~ ' ~ ~ " ~ ~ "

Solid wood

wind forces.


216/472

for the number of bolts

connector.

, The ends of roof beamsmay beornamentalnot end toweather.

wood

wI middlemember continuous


217/472

SES

connectors. These woodloads than trussed rafters and

Consultastructural


218/472

to

stjffened byand either

suslJen'slOn rods.


219/472

similar to those for conventional

o.c" but

may bes t u d ~ f r a m e d or masonry


220/472

Vented soffit

(SI MasterFormat 06 17

Soffit returns maybe fabricated wi

units.


221/472


222/472

due to variations within theradiation and

by

interior wall line,


223/472

Ib, ? l " n n / l r r ~ C ; : 1 1 ~ l l r : 1 T L )

lb. A ~ V l n : 1 r r ~ C " T I ' M C ' + A J J ; ~ I , p

~ l o trecommended

cut from red whitemay available, Red cedarresistant to water, rot, and

,18 11 and 2411


224/472

l I f l (1ctr l f i - 'HrY l f1 t 07 31 29

trim to formcanted with

eliminate

Valley

construction'Preformed and hip units

available.

1x4minimum


225/472

installation details.

12" to

have eitheran base orsurfaced on the weather side with coloredmineral or ceramichave excellent fire

only

Minimum recommended4:12


226/472

T h i r d ~ b r e a k

, Random


227/472

cover unitsCover unit

, Arris tiles cover the

Field triesCement mortar

cover unitsWood nailer

Closure with mortarorwith fixture units

felt


228/472

Ml1ctnrJ,.f' lrml1t 07

Eave


229/472

of metal

Minimum recommended

between roofThe

finish

full


230/472

Mndnr ; ' I1 rmn t 07 41 1


231/472

The construction ofa lat roof the elements:_ " _ " ~ " " ~ ~ ~ ~ N " _ " ~ - % 1 Thewea r couse

mechanical abrasion. It may bedeck

7.14.7 . 1 5 ~ 7 . 1 6 .


232/472

membrane. For more information on

to maintain the desiredr fH1, i ;1 ' ; nVl r and be and

or area dividers. For these and7 . 1 9 ~ 7 . 2 0 .

IIIlnCT'Ofrnrml1t 07 50


233/472


234/472

no

any unevenness between units mustwith avented or fill.

retarder and and the Underwriters'Laboratories (UL) F i r e ~ H a z a r d Classificationof the

MasterFormat 07 51 00 Bituminous

Minimum recommended 1:48

Maximum

, Forand

for

for s m o o t h ~ s u r f a c e roofs


235/472

Metal fasciaGalvanized metal dam

nails

membrane

Treated wood nailer

minimum


236/472

After the thermal insulation boards have l7een I11Pr h/lnir:/lll\/the secured to the

r ' 1 c t c D f 1 D ~ t : : in the membrane

Both the Insulation and membrane are laidover the roof deck a d covered with

roof Vlpr1.ptrcltinI1t:;


237/472

of sheet metal orof


238/472

(51076000762007650

and

in


239/472

(100) minimum Formed metal ventwith weather baffle


240/472

In wind-drivensnow and roof ice buildup, eave

over solid C14D 'Tf14"" / l7.3,

1111 minimumfor wood andother

, Draw band

Metal hood


241/472

minimumminimum

NG

Turn up 2"

, Turnup2 1

Turn upto


242/472

, Threshold1%

, Finish

Threshold

Bose Course

Bond wi IAI::lt,p.rnr'nntlnflmembrane


243/472

Structuralreinforced

I ~ n c h o r ' s

or

masonry, or metalwall

Acurtain wall an exterior wall r"'0'V,,,,r.n,"or concrete structural frame ofa ancl no loadsother than own and wind loads, Acurtain wall may

of metalmasonry, or metal.

curtain wall construction,wall able


244/472

wind-driven under

within the wall must


245/472

of various metal devices maywall to structural

, For t:lCCeSSiIDilI1N fixedbest.

to curtain

accommodateframethermal


246/472

Jj!

. < ~ ~


247/472

, Wood or metal raftersveneer construction consists ofa

of masonry weather barrier and anchored butnot bonded to structural frame. In residentialconstruction, wood or metal stud walls withabrick veneer.

Wood or lilA 1 I 1 , ~ IMil liAr. meta Istuds


248/472

MasterFormat 04 13.13 Veneer

5.14-5.18 for unreinforced andreinforced masonry wall

Metal wall 16 11


249/472

Monolithic the


250/472

, Reinforced


m)


251/472

6" minimum clearanceabove

which must be {WlliPI 1 . I ~ f lother very noticeable,therefore be coordinated with other exterior wall elementssuch window and door

IIII1I

II jillII1IIIII !II,'II' IIi III


252/472

(SI MosterFormot 07 46 29

flashedGalvanized or othernoncorrosive metal rabbeted

cornerboards ~ ~ , _ , ~ .... " , . ~ " . , ~ ' ' ' ' ' ? I

nailable fiberboard


253/472

Horizontal board available in different forms.


254/472

for t>VVl 'Ji1CIf111

f J , ,> r l ! h" ," " 'D before installation,

Continuous

(51 MasterFormat 07

IJIlAl, UtJ l I I U I board

w i ~ h I 1 n T , ~ t 1 I r : l n p t 1 Clal\lamzecl,done to allow the individual boards to

in moisture content. Board ends should meet over astud orcorner boards or window andboard installation and

viI

I


255/472

Wood or metalstud frame,

Wall frame may beor unsheathed, If unSr16atfled,the

VV"IIf'VvVV; of or masonry cement,inwalls, This weather- and f'"",, _ >,nc-;rf '0V1f'

finish used for exterior walls and butused for interior walls and

conditions,

in twoover asuitable masonry

or tablebelow for thickness,

, The

sound andbeother contaminants that

suction or


256/472

wallsConcrete wallsConcrete

wire lath

(SI MasterFormat 09 24 23 Stucco


257/472


258/472

MasterFormat 07 00 Exterior

coat,and finish coat onto wallminimum of 4" (100).


259/472

11

Concrete

0.080.60

Cement mortar 0.20

Granite and marble

Alurninum

0.20

0.200.11

0.00070.00100.0041

2.00

1.11

C l n n l r ~ n p r m p C l f 7 l p felt

Vinyl tileDoors

0,200,180,67

0.060,00

The tables to the left be

lJ l/Rt


260/472

AluminumWoodWood bevelVinyl

11klie

0.610.811.00

Airnon reflectivereflective

1.01


261/472

board

in

fill

which

o,"",nWl//nT withininstallation of thermal insulation


262/472

'U OA

, R ~ v a l u e of inside air' film 0.61 air

Solid wood


263/472

insulation within

A ~ w r " ; ~ , , ; " h 'ofinsulation at floor and roof

r l r D " d " D C I C r ~ j v v r wall finishwalitJoard,

Hollow of concretemasonry can filled withloose"fill insulation.

foam liners maybe inserted into the ofconcrete masonry units.

t i t ' tL" t 'PC lc t"C lM"r wall finishsuch wclllboard,

Insulation

for exterior insulation and

Batt or blanket insulation

insulation,


264/472

finish

continue down belowto the line to insulate

similar material.

0,8002.400

50.00015.0000.7000.000


265/472

mil 0.000milmil

DERS

A retarder is material of low Y 1 0 ~ 1 " 1 0 c : l n r Oconstruction to moisture from

where it can condense into

shouldwall col1stt'uctiol1 to


266/472

f t I I n c i ' a r ~ l ' \ r m n t 07 26

Over

crawl

011 themay be


267/472

Where newan structure

7

All and contract in toh " ' 4 " ' , h ~ ~ j ~ " ~ h Some also swell and shrink

ac;pn::lr::lir.lnn of material and allow free movement

V>4 c ' "4 ' reJ ' 14114 " the ofthe construction,


268/472

AluminumFir

101OakPine

Iron, 67Lead FirNickel 70

Oak190

by

10masonry

47Limestone 44Marble 73

76Rubble masonry

50

Fahrenheit

twice the linearThe coefficient of volume

the linear coefficient.

in


269/472

, As installed

, Joints should tooled fullwith

Toair,cohesive and adhesive classified

the amount of extension and {,f lrnnrpc,c,l l l f ican withstand before failure.

Often for wherelittle 1I1Ov,emelnt;


270/472

(51 M n d ' C l r ~ n r m l 1 t 07 00 Joint


271/472

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ." .. ...........................Ti .. ....._-.,

.... ........ ....

c i ; ~ ; c .. :.;..... : ..

; ... N... . .

'.'........ .......

...

i .


272/472


273/472

N

when.. .. . I ~ " .. and threshold.

"Exteriorand interior

and or

difficult to

% Exterior and interior

interior


274/472

with

, Interior

" nterior use8.16 for doors.

, Flush Vision/louvered

llalV.amzea for

louvers

Inverted channelwith finish bottom


275/472

, Throat

finish wall

Backbends:

smooth,


276/472

, Woodanchor

% Minimum ofmasonry anchor anchor for

wallschannel

stud anchor

Wall

Butt conditioncondition

(170)INr;rn


277/472

half the door

Flush wi


278/472

increments


i


279/472

, Exterior walls h e , ~ t h l j n C l and

Shimfill wi thermal

Interior wall finish

Interior

(13) form varies.

Back of doorframemay be kerfed to

for


280/472

frames may have, Cased may

without doors and thereforehave with no

Most door manufacturers offerdoorsavailable v > " n " ~ ; v ; r l , n A

trim may continue around the

Aluminum


281/472

Finish wall

and bottom

F n l " ' ~ V V J I 1 0 1 units

unitsI l l l 1 r . ~ n : : l r l P I units

hardware

Concealed dooror

width door width


282/472

n f l n " t r \ Y h { H n ~ f 1 t 08 1 08 4

conditions forwood frame construction

illustrated.for hollow doorsand similar.Consult door hardware

installation details.

Doors

FloorAllow for finish

wide,

tiPf'1,"l1iJII1/l on

* Door


283/472

(67) standardI

I

, Continuousbottom

andwi locks

~ r n n n " l l \ r c Doors

$ Continuous bottomrail wi lock

barconsult manufacturer for

inbar and door frame.

door

Narrow Stile

II i!I

Medium Stile , Wide Stile

andt ' D f 1 I I 1 t 'M11DI1 f 'C when

used an emergency exit door.Consult manufacturerforframe rpl1I l I rPl l1pnrC;

Door may bedirection

and


284/472

(SI Mncj" lYj ,. f ' I ,mnt 08 41 00 Entrances

Door Section

, Pivoted doors about on at i lC'!" 111m I ICn ,D t i from one

radio transmitter, electric eye, or other device.

!/

/ i eee"e

"'ee'e [ ] /e c. /


285/472

'2 I1 to4 11 to

hour,

and bottom

, Door diameter


286/472

, Enclosure flanked by within wall f ,onrilf ' lCIIV'D VWIllort"I"" from Slae:IIGjtl1S

Bank of enclosures with c , l f l l ~ ' ' ' I H I I , ' ' ' ' between Enclosure within wall

MasterFormat 08 Door

on


287/472

The pin in the knuckle may be removableso that door can be

Check !'IV'" V"J V f' ,"

of the door.


288/472

be concealed Floor door head

to enable adoor to in either direction: may bewith closer mechanism.

MasterFormot 08 71 00 Door

is covered on both

or


289/472

latches Panic hardwareand floor.

minimum for

Minimum door thickness:for locks

bar that the interior of an emergency exit doorat waist The bar should extendleast one-half the width of the door leaf on which it sinstalled.

for details.


290/472

(51 I\Hnctorl-flrmnt 08 00 Door

themay be

* Acoordinator thatthe inactive leaf of abefore the active leaf.

entrancemay be concealed within

the floor construction.


291/472

or exterior, GH:::Jj/:;nWfl&l window unit.

, Head the Ilnnf,rl11nc;l:


292/472

of windows or t1nnn,\J::! ' \ Ic,detail.

100%


293/472

, Aluminum window frames may haveor on the

nature of the wall construction., Thefin by

window unit and the wall construction.The fin mayframe to the r"""4hHhvu

Metal windows may be andbronze. Shown on this and the

air

Window dimension


294/472

ormore information on12.09.


295/472

Consult window manufacturer for stock windowSome will custom

i1

Wood frames are thicker than aluminum or steelalso more effective as thermal insulators, The

wood may be orTo minimize the need for maintenance, theframes are now clad with vinyl or bondedaluminum sections that no

wood windows are manufactured totC :PH1n, "V 'n fC established National Wood Window andDoor Association (NWWDA) andNational Instituteand dimensions ofthe window frame andthe

mullions may be usedof the header or lintel.

may be whenfour windows meet @ common corner

available from


296/472

(51

many manufacturers,

or box windows

mullion condition,


297/472

orcomt:J0U!1C1 is laid

in the rabbet ofawindowto

window frarne to form

hole

and linseed

not to

in must be


298/472

% Structuralwi

@ Mullion G,""I'II f" ,r ' fl

maximumclearance on all

o


299/472

increased thermal insulation and restrict condenscltion.

I 1 p n ' , l l 1 r ~ n p l 1 air or an inert gas171/l';;'Cd;:flflP.units are suitable for smaller in residential

and may not be installed with


300/472

gray 0 . 4 9 ~ 0 . 6 00 . 4 9 ~ 0 . 6 0

blue 0 . 4 9 ~ 0 . 5 8 120-154clear +

blue 15-2012 45 0.29-0.30 44

EA 1: Performance

Mullions

rreclsse:mlJleCl wall

Anchors

mullion trim

Column


301/472

details illustrate conditions ofcurtain wall construction. When

standard fabricated wallno for extensive when

modified. For morethe Aluminum Curtain Wall

AmericanArchitectural Manufacturers Association

the


302/472

lateral wind loads and

anddetermined by

loads. Consult the manufacturer for thestructural of the curtain wall

and air infiltration.


303/472

, Vault

, Circular


304/472

0111111100"'011 to carry the

wood curbInteriorfinish


305/472

orwall

block

vent

Thermalheat

11" t ' t lCCClr l l an exhaust fan.

Clre(:mh()USI;S are available

of the


306/472

Metal

MosterFormot 3 34 13 Structures


307/472


308/472

ClUlaellnt;Soutlined on

dimensions for aor floor-to-floor


309/472


310/472


311/472

stair extends from one level to

K .1

! t iL, I!


312/472


313/472

Awood

have no

of the following elements:

distanceoff the

some


314/472

for wall finish


315/472

of stair slab maybe turned up to formcurb or solid

onAconcrete stairreinforced slab withsurface. If the is constructed after the floorbeam or wall beam.If it s with the beam or slab

minimum @concrete 4" (100)minimum @masonry walls

r V " r I l M n . ~ r rule of thumb:

may be anchored to theslab or low or to the of the

metal w/abrasive finish


316/472

Rule of thumb for slab thickness: rubber or vinylHorizontal wall

reinforcement as Stone tread w/abrasive

Beamand

MIlCT'orl-nrmllt 03 30 00 ConcreteMllcTarJ.nrmllT 03 11 23 Permanent Stair

weld


317/472

IRS

StairDiameter

Various connectionsavailable to anchor theto the floor r ~ ~ ' ' ' ' f ' ' ' M n


318/472

*Consult

(SI Mm:i 'CHt-"rmnt

1613

literature to

71 1

dimensional ~ U l a e l l n c ; S ,

It more convenient toladder from the

the

minimum width


319/472

lower limit of travel.

toanother. The two most common are electricelevators and elevators.

Electric elevators consist of acar thatby


320/472

MasterFormat 00

of thelevel

floorBottom floor


321/472

, 1.75 x

tOW tllaximum

and of elevators

of traffic to be carried, Total vertical distance of travel

and desired

Two or more " 1 1 I ~ , I . " I / I \ l c ,

manufacturer for recommended

the

and details.and

venClla1;lOn, Bmd


322/472

Audible and visibleeach elevator car.


323/472

Theflue draft andoffthesmokeand of a ire tothe outside.The smoke chamber connects thethroat of a to the flue of

The smoke shelf t ~ h e bottom of asmoke chamberft'Om the

downdrafts

A framedto hold an

combustive vJ\!_vwnnl l r ,cRadiate the maximum amount of heat


324/472

MasterFormat 04 00

Front and Bock


325/472

lvioduladlues

47

Stone or

Reinforced c e r n e n ~ wash

should be


326/472

Mfldar!-f lrmflt 04 00 liner

108171

240298

.y One inch 645,16

87120

208


327/472

minimum

(A)

(C)

more than

Additionalinclude:

food

consider in

mechanical


328/472

41 minimum


329/472

Unit For 60" 30"

Basic Unit 24" to 48"

in 3" 12"

to

Kitchen cabinets may be constructed of wood or enameledsteel. Wood cabinets have hardwood frames and

or board withhardwood veneer, orStock kitchen cabinets are manufactured in 3"modules and should conform to standards established bythe National Kitchen Cabinet There

three basic of units:units. Consult manufacturer for available

hardware, and c:Jrrt'C;CJ1,V'IDC;

ofunits allows for

for bathroom

2 Tfor w o ~ d o o r units

or


330/472

Oven 18" to 30'1 to 84" tall

MasterFormat

wideUnit

39" to 48"to long

Corner Unit Finished end and filler 36" available.


331/472

illustrate basicr p l c : l n n n c ; h l ~ l C ; which can be

Recommended dimensions can beof these and the on thedimensions of abathroom will vary ' J f , / , IW/1 I1 r 1 f l

of the fixtures used.of bathrooms and other restroom facilities should

into account thefor and locations Clrrf 'c ;c ; r , r IPc; such as towel

mirrors, and medicine cabinets, Numberof walls and location of

vents, and horizontal runs.

Accessible bathrooms and restroom facilitiesclear floor forawheelchair to make 1800 tum This

should be eithera60"wide minimum and 60"


332/472

The clear floorand the I A I h p . " l r h ~ j r t.1

minimum

Width

Width


333/472

ofthe tub,. .' ... . . , - ~ ~ . , - ~ . - A

above the floor,A

and the wall,

to above the floor andshould be installed on the back

ILIWI flI . 11f barabove the rim

should be installedof the tub,


334/472

MasterFormat 0 Accessories

should notrim of urinal.

minimum

above,


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Bathrooms either natw'alor mechanical ventilation in order toremove stale air and fresh air,, Pl'ovide natural ventilation by of

minimumAmechanictll may

in lieu of natural ventilation,,,,,..,hl.,"r"'>1 fan should be located

to the shower and on exterior wallthe b,;lthroorn door, It should be


336/472


337/472

Thisused to finish interior of

Interior walls should be resistant to wear and ber'PClMCl'1IPfloors should be and to

should be


338/472

Credit4: /11, ,_1- WI I TT I V L " Materials


339/472

DiamondDiamond mesh

rib lath 0.31flat rib lath

Welded or woven wire 0.19


340/472


341/472


342/472

Flush metalAcoustic

Flush wall


343/472

to the main runners;

(3

Comer


344/472

in


345/472

to minimizecondensation on interior wall

frame should form

be bent and


346/472

(51 fiAlld(Hi-f'IYn1nt 09 21 6

Corner


347/472

TI

Bead

trim

Down cornerRunnerField tileCove cornerCoveSurface

modular

dense material that watenesistant, difficult tostain, and do not fade.Ceramic tile is available or

face of ceramic material fused into the

colors tend to be more muted than thoseand

material. These


348/472

C51 M f 1 ~ i ' f \ Y I . I \ Y r Y l f 1 t 09 30 1 Ceramic Tiling

Consult tile manufacturer forand


349/472

Cement Mortar

bond

of masonry.board

(3 to 6) thicktile

Mortar

Bathtub

chemical r p C ; I i ~ T ' 1 f 1 r pmortar.


350/472


351/472

Wood combines I i l l r '1hl ir r . l /comfort and warmth,hardwood and softwoodof hardwood

in


352/472

in

M f 1 d ' ' ' r ~ ' ' r m f 1 t 09 00

in


353/472

TI

in

slab

of 1 : l I P ' : i ~ n n r T . l C l I 1 r 1 cement mortar;

subflool' or cementitious backerboardsubfloor

Concrete slab


354/472

(SI MosterFormot 09 63 40 Stone

tile

Vinyl comtJosiition tiletile

tile wi

LinoleumLinoleum

raw

wi fiber back wide 0o

wi fillers .050 11 2) o

(2to


355/472

maintain.

floors with both visual and texturalof colors and

r' 1 r'"D'n n 11 to absorb


356/472

MasterFormat 09

by

very


357/472

On


358/472

main


359/472

and rabbet

, Dovetail dado and rabbet

and more I IlJ1/1 Gr:1u'lr,

morecovered

the manner in which the members areIMCOnstJICUOLJS. In


360/472


or half+lind @ Secret dovetail or blind

tenon

or


361/472

TI

Crown ofawallor cornice.

of an interior

irrPI1111::lritil'c; in the floor


362/472

MasterFormat 06 00

In

~ ~

the floor.


363/472

surround

I t ' rn l l n r l l l n i l frame.

Horizontalnailed

, Provideof wood

BaseboardFinish

over masonry or concrete walls. may alsobe used over frame walls when thermal insulation

or additional wall

wood


364/472



365/472

, Aof InC;l lnnnr lPf l


366/472

Credit4,1: Adhesives


367/472


368/472

Conduction the transfer of heat from warmer toofamedium or of two bodies inwithout n / ! r { ~ / ! n 1 ~ I I 1 I / ! c 1 I S ~ l l a C t ~ m e l n t

very small of the total

mrr/!;:Jc;,"rlair motion induce more heat transmissionby convection.


369/472

EQ Credit 7: Thermal Comfort

Canadians

conditions.Air motion is e S D ( ~ C l a i I I Vhumid weather.

variations in climateof the individual.

for p\/ : ;Hlnr : :1nnn in


370/472

determine the amountadded or removed HVACan level of thermal comfort in


371/472

nr lPni: : l f lnn and construction ::lc;c;,omf,ilIPc;

human c o m f o r t ~


372/472


373/472


374/472


375/472

Forcedair a for by means of air heatedin oil, or electric furnace and distributed by fanductwork to or diffusers in inhabited It themost versatile and used forsmall

crawlWall furnacesheated

combustion air and vent by whichcarried to the outside. Oil furnaces

Electric furnaces do not

wall andof ducts.


376/472


377/472

TI TI

Anthracite CoalOilNatural

Btu/lb139.000

Btu/cf1watt 3.41 Btu/hr

Electric more , " r r " ~ " r " I , ,e l e c t r i c ~ r e s i s t a n c eofaconductor by virtue of which the

electric

means ofthe resH3tance

orsmall rooms.

windowto the floor line.Industrial unit

elements mayfurnace or ductwork

the heatMore direct


378/472

UnitsHeaters

* Hot-cold


379/472

TI II

Concrete slab on

vVIII>llvVIJIV embedded in

the and around the

Moisture barrier

Subfloor

Cementitious I Jt1t i,?ri :l1/Y11PYJr., minimum cover

thermal break,

Finishminimum cover

minimum


380/472

83 16 II'nntl1nT-rlAnnnn


381/472

Heat

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