ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ* eZˆZ°iZt÷á@
** eZËgZz¬%Z
Abstract
James Tod's monumental work, Annals and Antiquities of
Rajasthan, deals with those Rajput Tribes of Rajasthan who once
ruled over different parts of the region and rest of the Rajput tribes
were beyound the scope of his study. Tod works on history of
Bahawalpur or Cholistan provides no informations about Bohar
Rajput tribe of Cholistan. Likewise Sir Denzil Ibbetson, A Glossary of
the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and N.W.F.P and M.A Sherring,
Hindu Tribes and Castes, both have no mention of Bohar Tribe. Out
of 35 branches Panwar Rajput tribe, Bohar is one of them. They are
forerunner of the present Cholistani tribes who embraced Islam in
1252. Because of lack of written material interview, questionnaire,
group discussion and observation were the main tools to collect the
data. The folklorists of Bohar tribe provide pedigree and valuable
information. Thus the present article heavily depends upon oral
history. This article is an attempt to highlight the history and culture
of Bohar tribe of Cholistan.
~Ð1EÙZqÐi~w 2 ~¬gèc*xg;ö5+k,›yDb 1 ayyÅZq-÷ácìX‚]zZTVÐ1EÙ»o{ 3 »qïFìXtJZggZ‡]
ZÁÏZf$6,zWÔ%@*gõÔZsð-Eg;·zjgX *
ZÁÏZf$6,zWÔÍg7†¤/�f$»ÒÔZûâwÔgZzf~X **
ÐYMìX1EÙÔgZ**ÔgZîc*gZñ7zZDÉo zhZJZg g JZgÆdWzZD÷Xz{pŠÃgZ‡]7É1EÙì?Zr™D÷X
�{yz*y~1EÙgZ1yÆZ´V~Š!*ãH™D¸XÃ�Ûzrq݃ZÂ1EÙyz#Ögh™ 4 Z#gZ1y~$+|#ÖZzgå#Ö
~Z#¦°w ( 6251 )6021D ZyèZ<ØÆcz»g0‰XsvŠ‹ÆŠzgäQaÃ%œ/¯™Šú]zV»»xÑzqH 5( 1921 Z−+uc7lgg~)9911D
ÂgZ1yÐ$+gVŪŠ]~1EÙF»Zq-‡šQaÑpàZzgZsxJwHXzZãgìāƒ1EÙæs/Zsx7ƒñOç›Zzg)›1EÙÆŠgxy×Æa›y1EÙÆ!*N»yÅßðh~Ï»^Š~YC¶X1EÙFäZLJwZsxÅZkc*ŠÃZk§bi0+{g3āQÐZCîì¯1Oçayy~˜VCÙFÆâwñ76,Zk\»ºm¶Kyƒ@*ìz;V
6X 1EÙ\Æâwñ7Æ!*N»yÅßÃðhZ‚–»¶KyΊc*Y@*ìJwZsxƈ1EÙFÆtZ�ÛZŠQaÑpÆæt~3³¢aÆ
Ã,6,0*ãÆZq-I/)@*Ñ[(6,W!*Šƒ‰XtI/$+gzZÑI/Æ**xÐ�gƒŠHXŒVZrV侊»^™ZKÑ;c*V¯N£òßÍV䦰wZ−+uc7lgg~ÐDe$ÅāZyßÍV侊Å`QYhŠ~ìX
ï™ä6,è`ā1EÙ¾ŠÅ`Ð**WÙ÷ZÏaZrVäkH3ä7 ÅOñQÐÑ;~¯äÆaZEwHX
$+gV»Zsò**x$+gŠ+g3ŠHXÓx›y1EÙZÏ$+gŠ+ÅZzÑŠ÷X8 1EÙ»o{©øDfsì:
$+gŠ+ÅZzÑŠ~ÐÃðÌ)›7åX@*ëz{ZL²sÐic*Š{�gƒñ1)wZ−+Lƈ1EÙ\ÆCÙ�ÛŠ»**xzZãîg6,ZsòìXo{©ÐtÌ¥xƒ@*ìā1EÙF»**xz#-A£é GE
EÆdW1EÙÆ**x6,7,ZX
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 611
QaÑp~îs²āªxƈ1EÙˆlgziÇg~ñ�Š{0*ÎyÆ Z´V~W!*Šƒ‰XZy�g£â]~g°c*g{yÔek,{¸i~{yÔ
·z5Zzgí7gN*xâZàÆ**xaYD 1‰Ü7gÔ ßŠOZVÔ ‚‘ZwÔ¡¥/|ÔQaÑpÐZkÜkã~Zq-‡š¬gèîg6,í7gN*xâZà~W!*Š ÷X
ŧsÃa™ŠHX˜VgZ3~Zk‡šÃayãÜ 9 ƒZZzgQ¢„%z^eZÃîV»‚o™**7,ZXZk±Zð~221EÙLƒ‰XZk£xÃW` 01 c*!*zgc*
Æ**xÐc*ŠHY@*ìX%z^Wæƈ¼1EÙyZäZ. 11 ÌI/LZVY™W!*Šƒ‰X
À˜ìwHY@*ìāZ.Zzg(Æ1EÙgc*„·zjgÆ1EÙF
( 5691Y ÐgŠZg~7™D¸XïÐè¸ìāoBZ)0981YD~gc*„Z.Æg;›oZâxj1EÙÅ Ws°ñ`¥/|Å÷áŠ~0291Y
„yƈ ( 1002Y ™ñZŠ~ЃðX´z{Zi,oÝx©g1EÙ)6291YDgZ1yÆ´‘7ÉÐ0*ÎyWñZzgñ`¥/|W!*Šƒ‰XZrVäZL
21 X ”VÅ÷áŠc*V£ò1EÙ',ZŠg~~„Xayã1EÙ$+gŠ+ÅZzÑŠÐ÷X$+gŠ+ÆbœVâ^Ôñ^Ô‚0+PÔ 9āA¡ç
FFÔgZEÙZzgzæ~Ђ0+P"ZzÑŠåXâ^Zzgñ^QaÑpÐÜkã™ÆIyg)yz*y(−‰¸XÅ<å XEZayy~
9āA¡çF
FÔzæZzggZEÙÅ31 X ZzÑŠg{ˆXayy~1EÙŸ&Í]0*ðYC÷
ayy~¼ŠI"1EÙ',ZŠg~Æ**x÷XW`ÀZyÅxW!*Šc*Vayy~øDfs£â]6,÷X%z^ZzgZkƤ/ŠzâZbÔe7ÔQ~ÅðÔñ`¥/|Ô»áNhÔÑN*V_5À<é EYXgÔe~Ô
!-¡çH
Z@ÔI/½ZVÔI/LZVÔI/1EÙZâZÑÔ41 ìX Y±{Zzg¯g„kÆ4,Šq-Â1EÙZâZà
ayy~((Z'×ZgZ]Zzg£â]÷XX~ÐPZq-ÆÎZ
911 ________________________________________________ ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ
¦/Å 9 !*¹ƒÆ!*g}~Dîg6,¼7¹YYX}°ŠgZzhÆŒÛd$XqÑè 51 G,÷XXÆ!*g}~¹Y@*ìātô/Z™ZxñÅG,÷@*gõz§ 61 ß°÷á²pZzÝx�Ûh+WsÃ^>ÑpäZkÅF,Šh+ÅìX
ÅËÂ[Ðô/™ZxÅZk´‘~WæU*"$7Zzg:„Ëô!ñ»Š¦/åXZZô[Æ£x6,9¦/ÅPG,÷XÆ!*g}~¹Y@*ì 9āt|]ZñÆ‚¶¸�VZsxÆŸ~ZŠOWñZzgL™ŠØ
‰£â]Z,÷˜VÃðG71ic*g]Ç{¬xìX} 71 ‰XÅic*g]Ç{˜VyzZzg›yŠzâVsx½äYD÷Xg 81 ™5Òð GgZ*V
„kÐO+$†[3³¢aÆÃ,6,›÷á{»£xìX&—VzZÑZzg—zZÑc̹Y@*ìXz;VÃðGÂ7Üs—ÆPŠg|#÷˜Vßvªâ_ZzgmJz}mJD÷Xayy~1EÙFÃtZ³ZiqÝìāZyÆ),gÍVÆ'×ZgZ]ËnÆ—zµÐ!*ÑF,÷Xt'×ZgZ]øDfs÷:
|]Š4èEEL
1EÙZ�ÛZŠ~ÐZq-¸�I/LZVÆ£x |]Š4èEEL1EÙQy22
6,LƒñXW\ðY±{Æ×~Š®HŠHX£ò/g¦{Z�ÛZŠ»I
ìā„yÐIW\»‚Ñ:²kZk÷áyÐoc*Y@*åā1gc*2VZ.Zzg(ÐiZ],+ÅM®ZŠQzŠV6,²k~Ñ•ÆaWCÔ'×ZgÐ1KmyZy&£òi!*y~eCÙ¹Y@*ìZKâVZzgQzŠVнY@*åXZkñµ6,yh+z�Ûz|#Æar~@¶Xªx0*ÎyÐIayy~t²kƒÐic*Š{�gåXW\Й[¹Ï™Zâ]Æ!*z�ŠW`
91 Àz;V:ÂÃðWzgìZzg:„‚Ñ:²kX
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 021
|])wZ−+L°%z^:ÜsZKŠZ#ÖÉŒVñ�ŠŸúßÅzzÐayy
ZzgZkƤ/ŠzâZb~¹ZëZzgāau£x¦gHY@*ìX¹Y@*ìāZk̹Y@*ìX 02 ß6,|]ZñäúiZŠZŶXZkaZk£xÃ÷á{%ŠZV
Zk°ÅY+$Ñw|])wZ−+L1EÙ»'×ZgìT6,Zq-îs²ā
)wZ−+L1EÙZq-6,ÌÇgZzgŠgz÷OZKy¸X° 12 J-¿:¶X%z^ÅZq-â−Zgç{úg]äW\Ð*ZglÅā¼ŠâVÐeZÃZkÆQz.$áYD÷ZzgË~QyeZÃîVУ«Åf7X)wZ−+äæŠÅqò½àXZzgQZq-ŠyeZÃîVЊyŠŒh}£¨ƒZT~¼eZÃâg}‰Zzg†Qz.$gh™k~gz7lƒ‰XZk±Zð~)wZ−+
ÌLƒŠHXW\Æ'×ZgеZq-zWG*yì˜Vâ{øx~‚»�Vƒ@*ìXYè:Üs1EÙÉŠvayãÌZL\gzVÅD+@ZÏG*y~™D÷X¼²ā¬J-1EÙ',ZŠg~~t¬xgzZ`åā÷áŠ~ð0*äƈ±»ZzgZkÆŒÛRgŠZg|])wZ−+LÆ'×Zg6,
q¢~Šï¸XZ[ŠzgŠgZiÆßvtgÌgh`÷XŒVÃð‚Ñ:²k7@*gõÃayã1EÙŠzŠ|íZ]™D÷ZzgZk»NZ[ ƒ@*X@*ëCÙe0+Å41
22 X )wZ−+LÅgzbÃàD÷
|]ôzLôzLZzg—zLŠz¸ð÷XÅG,í7gN*xâZà)·zjg(ƾ!
Y+$"0î HEN*xâZà6,zZµ÷X¹Y@*ìāW\gZ{h~LƒñX1EÙZzgŠvayãW\Ʋk~Ñ•ÆaCÙ‚wgßZ{ãÅ9@*gõÃí7g
32 N*xâZàYD÷X
121 ________________________________________________ ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ
1EÙ:ÜsZLLzV6,**iZV÷ÉQ7tõÌqÝìāayy~ƒÐic*Š{™p™ZxZÏFÐ÷XQ7tZ³ZiqÝìāgc*„
Æîs²āJ- 42 ·zjgÆŠzg~z{àz‰Ü°ñ`¥/|Zzg°Y±{�ŠZggìXgc*„·zjgÆŠzg~ZkFÆZW,zgÎc»Z0+Zi{Zk!*]Ð
~Z#gc*„·zjg ( 2771 HYYìāâZ[Igu{yÆiâ:)0471YDZzggc*„Z.~uu~Úi·9ZƒZÂì·1EÙZkuu~zÆZq-M
¸TäuuzV»çHX´z{Zi,oGy1EÙz{**ñg¶K:!*iåTƶK:ÐOW,ƒ™Zôm,zVäZkÆ**x6,ŠÑé¯c*X1EÙt!*](,}
~Z-[{y�nDgayyWñÂo õÐÒy™D÷āZ#4691Y403g™†^¯g /HR ZÅ:ö XWj1EÙƶK:ÐZkŠgplƒñāQÐ
„k~Šz%,ig¦ZgZè�gZÅx~Š~XâàÒpÐÌtFŠvayEV~Zq-DÙZgÐ oÝx©g1EÙÆ0*k0691Y ~ZCZq-—£xg‚rìX
ΣCV LL iZZ+ƒ–c*VZzgŠzÎÐiZZ+Zd±ÆQz.$¸Xayy~z{52 X eZjVzZÑóóÆ**xÐ�g¸
1EÙF4',w~„„Ðmg‚rìX:Ãðayã1EÙÛìZzg:„ZQg$XaèZyÆW!*îZ].ZŠä|]°wZ−+uc7lgg~Æ;B6,ZsxJwHåÅ<å XEZz{ic*Š{F,gg~{0+ZyÆ%h+÷Xz{ZLcÐZkŠgzZÕgnp÷āCÙnÆ)bÆiÆacÐgÉðqÝ™**¢zg~ìw™D÷Xc:Üs™¬ZzgËm,ozVÐZyÆ)bi™ä
62 ÅÃÒ™@*ìÉz{ÄhY7-ÐYâgzV»´`Ì™@*ìcZzg%h+»g!*b›Zzgo]zZ�Zx»gìXÃð%h+cÅ
ñ�ŠÏ~eg0*ð6,7ÍXÃð1hJWŠò¯]ƒYñÂcÅ}.#Ö~
À}ÇYD÷XZ#cË%h+Æ;V=pÑñÂZkÅ}.#Ö~
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 221
×g¶ÔÀ}Ôƒ–~c*Çñ�g2+gZ:7ÅYCìXcQyÆâñߊ”VÆ**x?m,™@*ìX%h++~ÃðÚi·ƒÂ�gU*¬™ŠZgZŠZ™@*ìXZN!*]Æñµ6,‰ZyzZg1EÙ',ZŠg~Æzz^qÝ™äÆaQyÆczVÐg�q™D÷Xc!*glZzgz!*ðZ%ZnÆ{ØÆa™¬™@*ìX"ZzÑŠ
72 X Z�ÛZŠÌcÐg�q™D÷¬xayEVЊg}Áp1EÙÌÂë6,„zZµƒñXZKâVc*
YâgzVÃFg~ÑhƒÂz{cc*'×ZgZ]»¥c™D÷XayãyzZ:gzZe$Æ_.÷áŠ~Æñµ6,;B~ßìÅr~gnp÷X�ñ�Š{Šzg~pzgCÐ=ðYCìXqÑè1EÙayy»z{zZuFì�»]ÐCÙ¦/p‚ÛŠ{7ìXayy~tgzZe$¹�gìāZq-!*gÃð1EÙŠgz÷Šg|#ÆnWgZx™g;åāZq-XQÐß™äÎX),gvä!*ÑyXÃ{™1ZzgZkÑo6,g;HāWÒ{Z#LÌÃð¿t¾āz{1EÙìÂXQÐ
vy7àNÐXª]ìāW`J-Ë1EÙ±Åc*±ÆÆ!*g}~tGg~7Wc*āQk6,X»‚tƒŠHƒXCÙayãpZ{z{ËFÐmg‚rƒÖc*!W0+SWäÅßg]~7Õä FO7Õä FO™Hìā~1EÙƒV~1EÙƒVXayãtìw™D÷ā!W0+Sc*Ö~»]ƒD÷�vy
82 X àMh÷ic*Š{²ā7¦/gZā„yÐI1EÙZL%Š{ÅD+@Æz‰ÜZk
ÆuZzg0*îVŧsWŠJ(Ÿ5ÏîG
Gnx»gÄŠï¸XðgG»g™@*åXZ#G»gƒYCÂñß~GÆZ0+g9Zƒ™
+Bh4øEEIGI)g¶(â‡åX1W`ÀtgÌ»
ÜgÎxZŠZ™D÷É 03 X1EÙ:Üs'×ZgZ]6,ZN*]ZzgâgZ@* 92 ƒ_ì$+Îã6,ÌZNŠgnp÷X}Ë»xÆŸ~Ãð¿yІZzgQkÆ‚tÐúg'{à°³0*ã½äYg„ƒVÂìwHY@*ìā»x
321 _______________________________________________ ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ
ñy™Šc*YñXZϧbZ¤/Ë»xÐyÐ�YñZzgyzZáQÐú
ÐWzZiŠh+,ÂQÐÌpk¦gHY@*ìZzg»xñy™Šc*Y@*ìXøg}ŠŒCçÑ}ŧbayy~̶ßvñ�Š÷XŠŒÂVÅÚayy~¶ÃZ�ZxZzg›ÅÃЊ¬Y@*ìXZzgQÐy»�ÛŠìwHY@*ìX1EÙFÆÌz„¶÷�ŠvayEVÆ÷X}**ð�
Üss#Ö¯@*ìZzg6,;ð�”VÆú™@*ìXmƒc*÷áŠ~Ò{c*aÆñµ6,3**»g™@*ìXðg:ÜsèÆ',@¯@*ìÉz{'çNŠzVÆa
G,»g™@*ìXapÙÆñµ6,§»g™äÅf)ŠZg~ŠgZgÆ4ŠƒCì²âw»»xtìāËÌZ½qÆñµ6,0*ãŶ:zZµƒXªx0*ÎyÐIjZw�yzƒ@*åapÙÆñµ6,Çc*VZÇ™ÆeƒÎŠêåX1EÙZL÷ZOÊZŠZë÷X1EÙZk!*]6,õCk™D÷āZy
Ɖ¶ƒ–-VÆg-hgnp÷Xtƒ–c*VZ7÷áŠ~Æñµ6,Š~13X YC÷
jZ!Y]ayyŠzZÖpÔaw)F,Åi!*y»Âpge$(Zzg*y)(X£x(»%“ 1XìXaw»ÂÃgÏZÑÝ7ÉF,ÅÐÃgÏ~Wc*ìXÂayyÅzz
ZÅ©3}ÿE
G**W,Zyz@*ZyÃÔ ÔуgÔ ayy lÆ!*g}~Š&À£4/õ GGJZ£çZàÔX Z~7002YÔmm55D75
Aurel Stein, "A survey of ancient sites along the "Last" Sarasviti River",
The Geographical Journal, vol.99.No.4, April,1942, p 179 f.n.
ayyñ�Š{ezn,y·zjgÆŠzäðgK6,ŒìXI·zjgÔI·z5Zzg%,éìX Ig°c*g{VZHqÆZ”V6,ŒZk»ÀgK99301
îw084³¢aZzg²n23³¢aÐá™291³¢aÆŠgxyìXayyÆÑw~Šgc*ñXZzg†[~Šgc*ñ�|»ig¦´‘²ætZzg†[~ZkÅuu,gZ1y)yz*y(ÐQ÷X
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 421
ayãyzDbÆaŠ&À£4/õ GGJ:†Z°iZt÷á@ÔLLayãyzpÄ:!5Àāð GY
ZwZq- 2XÔ òZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄ Ô¸ C@*gõzpÄ0*Îy Sà_·óóÔ
Ô†Z°iZt÷á@ÔLLayy 16 m73D ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠÔZ6,sXm3102YÔmÔayyÆ› 36 Ômm93D ÆÜ:Zq-pD_·óóÔZsâgaZÆ',3102Y
Db~zÔ�aÔÏÔ7,JhÔ1EÙÔ#ZãÔJZgÔeZ;ZzgŠvDb÷áï÷Xayã¯ußgÆaŠ&À£4/õ GGJ:
Abdul Razzaq Shahid, Muhammad Shafique, Zulfiqar Ahmad Tabassam,
"Historical Anthropology of Cholistan Through Folk Tradition,
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, http://pu.edu.pk/home/
journal/14/Current-Issue.html, pp. 269-280.
JZggZ1yÅZq-**ñgZzgŠ*xZy¸xìXN*eZyйOW,ìŠ&À£4/õ GGJ: 3XJames Tod's , Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Oxford University
Press, Bombay, 1920, vol.I, pp.107, 111, vol.II 941, vol.III, 1444,
1693.
´4i¹é EIÆŠzgÓ#Ö~gZ1yZzgSîñ�Š{ayã´‘~$+|#ÖÆ 4X�ÛzrÆØZ@0*ñYD÷X}Îðz;gZzg·z5Æ4,Šq-ñäc\gÆ
J-Y±{Ô%z^Ôñ` £â]Ð$+|#ÖÆWU*g0*ñ‰÷X©ā7491Y¥/|ZzgŠgZzhÆ£â]6,å#ÖÅ„Š]Ç÷ZzgQkÆWU*g0*ñYD
�Z�ÛZŠñ�Š¸X· 351 Å%ŠxÑg~Æ_. ¸Xgc*„·zjg~1491Y2X 1 Ô3491YÔm ¿'ZBgc*„·zjg ZâZgÑŒÛ7Ô
¸0*u ¦°wZ−+uc7lgg~ÆqÑ]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:&ŠŒÞ[Ô 5XÔ2QaÅ@*gõZzgŠ*WU*g 402 ÔQgŠzZOò·zjgÔTXgx9002YÔmm302D Qa
ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:Ahmad Nabi Khan, Uchchh, National Institute of Historical & Cultural
Research, Islamabad, 1980, also see Nurul Zaman Ahmad Auj,
Cholistan: Land and People, Carwan Book centre, Multan, 1991, pp.
120-141.
ÝxYn²sl1EÙÔÂ1EÙZâZàÔg^„kÔ32†g~5102Y 6X]1EÙz−÷áŠz{yÔÂ1EÙZâZàÔg„kÔ32†g~5102Y X7
53Í]c*÷áñ�N*e ”tZ£z−+zeZÔ%z^Ô62âga4102YÔJZgÅczs X86,ÒyÅ÷z{Zko{©Ð_“7g‰@* 211 ä¢Zzw,]111D
521 ________________________________________________ ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ
~ÌJZgÍ]Ð Census Reports of Rajputana, 1911, vol-I, p. 255ë0Z%s0*c*Y@*ìX%z^©]i!*y»ÂìTÆp÷ñ]XT´º~tzZµì X9ZÐLâgzì±ñ]»´‘¹Y@*åXŠgc*ñ;š/{Ɔ!)g}My
Њ‹YäzZàŠ*ˆgC÷áCÙZ{6,Zq-—r6,°%z^zZµìXZkÅŠZ#ÖÆat¯uŒÂzÔìX
QeVÃ^%z^ŠZDÒzìŠgc*~TŠgc*Š~ÂV$ºÏî E0ÆW
Zk°ÆZ0+gå#Ö»qgZzg\;hé IXI{ZºÆŠzgÓ#ÖÅZq-K¶XúŠZÏgZ3ÐìÎo]ƈzZ:ßN*X**ÜZ−+DpqÁQa çâ~¸„
»'u` 4]**Ü~ ZxÐkBÆŠzgZy%z^~ªx5+k,ƒZX~Z÷Igu{VzZàgc*„·zjgä 9491Y uZ`ÌŒVªx™[ìX
Æ_.ŠzÎÎZgZzgZq- WMZº~ (Ð),zgc°%z^qÝHXDÙZg\Š{¯`Zq-°~gS¶X°%z^ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:âgZ²âVZ£Zz`
X 601 49D fZ!‚—ÔmmMuhammad Rafique Mughal, Ancient Cholistan: Archaeology and
Architecture, Ferozsons, Lahore, 1997, pp. 132-134. Major-General
Shujaat Zamir Dar, edit, Sites in the Sands of Cholistan, Oxford
University Press, Karachi, 2007, pp. 38-39
Gazetteer of the Bahawalpur ÆjZáÐo·Š+ä YìZÄB¹ée$ 01Xt©e$ State 1904, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2001, p. 32.
ÒyÅìāÎo]ÐzZ36,úŠçâ~õZ~Ð*gZ)ñ�Š{ayy(˜VŠzyzîVäZkÅgÉðÅZzg&ŠyõZ~ƒñg3˜V:0*ãåZzg:vkXZrVäúŠçâ~йāZyÆuŠZgäZ(™ä»¬Šc*åZ[vg~¯`»Zq-3„Ìi0+{$Æ:YnÇX�Ûq¨ãTäÎo]Åì»�{–ìz{úŠçâ~ů`Æ”h+vyZzggZ5ÅŠØZg~»f™™@*ì1Zk�}~ZkzZ§Å§sÃðZ÷ág{7ìXZk©e$Å@*g]w�̃pt|ìāQkiâä~ayy~
ÜZzg!*zgc*Db„W!*Š¸X�W`Ìayy~W!*Š÷G1EÙFÃí
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 621
7gN*ñZàÐ%z^WDƒñZ4eZÃîV»‚o™**7,ZƒÇX&ŠŒÞ[ÅÒy™Š{tgzZe$ŒÛ+ªk7ìā1EÙZzg**òF~Š#»™äÆ
a1EÙFÅZq-±ÅÅ÷áŠ~**òF~™Š~ˆ&**òäO™Šc*XT1EÙuŠZgzVÅG,W`Ì 22 Ƴ~1EÙZzg**òF~pãcāƒZX
14X 9 ŒV)%z^(ñ�Š÷X&ŠŒÞ[fZ!‚—ÔmT£x6,221EÙLƒñz;V1EÙFäZq-I/¯1T»**xI/ 1X 1LZVg3ŠHX�í7gN*ñZàƆ[ŧsO+$%z^71³¢aÆ
J-ZkI/6,~»�V Ã,6,zZµìZzgZ[ÌW!*ŠìXâgaÐ#6102YåāŠzgŠgZiÆ´VÐßvZkI/Æ0*ãÃWƒËY™™áYD
Ô71Z6,s5102YX %z^ ¸X2·[z−;·ÔoBZ1EÙZzgoÝx©g1EÙ6,¿â^ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 1X 2
Rizwan Ali, "Muslims Tribes of Cholistan: A Case Study of Bohar",
Unpublished, M.Phil Thesis, Department of History, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, 2015, pp. 50-52.
Ô 34 °ñ`¥/|ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:ƾw¼®);eZgÔfZ!‚—Ômm14D!*ã°ñ`¥/|czs{y»'×Zg°ÆŒÛd$„¼Ã,6,zZµìZzg÷á{gÁ¬ÝòMãÆ'×ZgÐx¹g‚rìX
”tZ£ÔfZ!‚—X 1X 3ayy~1EÙ',ZŠg~Æ.îVZzgI/Y]2¬gèZzgxg;öÆa 1X 4
X Ô2 1 Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgçZyZfZ!‚—Ôe�
ÔZ£çZàÔfZ!‚—Ô 88 ·zjgÔ7391YÔm78D f™™ZxÔ ·ïZ°ÝïÔ 1X 5X m583
ÔZÅ©3}ÿE
G**W,Zyz@*ZyÃуgÔZÆ',5002YÔ £äZÎÖ ñÑ**gÁZ−+Ô 1X 6m323X
³¢aŠzgÂZZô[~tG,zZµ÷X 8 {Õ{Ñp)·zjg(нã 1X 7,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:
Sabir Iqbal, "Ghost Shrines of Cholistan: A study of Superstitious culture",
Unpublished, M.Phil Thesis, Department of History, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, 2013, pp. 21-22.
X71 ·ïZ°ÝïÔfZ!‚—Ôm
721 ________________________________________________ ayyÆ1EÙ:@*gõzpÄ
701~zZµ /BRB ™5Òð GgZ*V!-¡ç
HHZ@^m,ây)·zjg(Ɔ[~nà� 1X 8ìX™5Òð GgZ*VÅ©e$уgÅ!!0*—ZðÅ©e$ÐQQìX,
ÔayãyzaÅ})âñߊ 42 ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:™',ZDwÔfZ!‚—mm32DaÆuÆ!*wrzZ**(™5Òð GgZ*VÆ'×Zg6,Y™™D÷Zzgz;VíZ]™D÷X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:
Kashif Jamil, "Hindu tribes of Cholistan: A Cultural Anthropology",
unpublished, M.phil Thesis, Department of History, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, 2013, pp. 4, 21.
]1EÙfZ!‚—X 91XayEV~tgzZe$�gìā|]ZñŒV)%z^(=pÑñZzgT 2X 0ß6,ZrVäúiZŠZÅQk6,W\ñÆ;BÔ0*îVÔ%OãZzgZRVä¶K**]ñ�Š¸XayãZkßÃāauìw™D¸XZ[tßñ�Š7XŒVZq-Cß»•ZÌåTÆ!*g}~¹Y@*ìāZq-ŠiË),gvä
lzZìÐQzï�»ŠzŠ|âó1**IŒÛZgŠnzZ:™Šc*�ß0ŠHX¹Y@*ìāA$ÐQzï�ÆŠzŠ|»æ7áCXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:o·Š+fZ!‚—m571Ô
X 82 72D ™',ZDwÔfZ!‚—Ôm¹Y@*ìā„yÐI1EÙ›c*6y7¯D¸ÉÑ;-V~ 12XgT¸¸zzìā)wZ−+LÆ'×Zg6,¿:¶�ªx0*Îyƈ¯ðˆX�ñyÆ/ZãFÆ!*g}~¹Y@*ìāz{yÅ¿ÃÜ7™D¸YèZyÆW!*îZ].ZŠ~Ãð¿Ü”{¿ÆnW™%ŠHåX
The Primitive Culture of India: Lectures delivered in 1922 at the School of
Oriental of Study, Univeristy of London.
413Ô%z^Ô92âga5102YX /HR o™',nà� 22X·ïZ°ÝïÔfZ!‚—m84Ôt̹Y@*ìāôzZq-úg]6,¬Ô 2X 3åZkÆgŠZgzVäQÐO™Šc*X
°Y±{Zq-Š*°ì˜V$+|#ÖZzgå#ÖÆWU*g0*ñYD¸ 2X 4Z[ZkÆWU*g»ƒ`÷X–wN*eZk°»uŠZg�Ñ3YÑãÆ**xÐ
�gåZkÅÓ#ÖY±{Њgc*ñXJ-¶X'×h+,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:N*eÔ
C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 821