Slide 105 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Computer Aided Design and Draughting (sometimes known as CADD)
Generally, it is the use of computers in design and drawing processes
Traditionally, technical drawing are made using manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and time consuming particularly for large complex drawing.
CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and transmit original drawings has made it very important.
Example of CAD software:
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IC Chip Revolution => Micro-Computers and CAD.
1st CAD demon by Ivan Sutherland (1963) - SKETCHPAD.
A year later IBM produced the first commercial CAD system.
Many changes has taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful computers.
With these developments, it is now possible to do all the designs using CAD including two-dimensional drawings, solid modeling, complex engineering analysis, production and manufacturing.
New technologies are constantly invented which make this process quicker, more versatile and more powerful.
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Advantages of CAD
Easier Creation and Corrections - Working/detail drawings may be created more quickly and makings changes is more efficient than correcting drawings made by hand.
Better Visualisation of drawings - Many systems allow different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view.
Database of Drawing Aids - Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse.
Increased Accuracy - Using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy.
Improved Filing - Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape.
Quick Design Analysis
Simulation and Testing
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A computer system consists of hardware and software.
Hardware is various pieces of physical equipment that comprise a computer system.
Software is the programs and instructions that permit the computer to operate. Software can be divided into two; application programs and operating system.
The hardware for a CAD system consists of the physical devices used to support CAD software. The hardware system consist of:
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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5 million user world wide
2 million student user world wide
Excellent Intro. To CAD - Cost Effectiveness - Sufficiently Complex
Linked to Other Softwares - e.g. ANSYS, 3D-Studio Max, etc.
Customized Application using high level programming language Auto-LISP
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How AutoCAD is used?
Electronic Paper with Drawings and Editing Tools - Analogous to Manual Drafting
Valuable and More Efficient in Modifying Drawings. Object can be moved, copied, rotated, erased, redrawn, etc. Editing in AutoCAD is faster than in manual drawing.
Drawing Layers to Enhance Drawing and Visibility. AutoCAD provides a set of drawing layer which is equivalent to the engineering layers on working drawings.
Storage/database of Commonly used Object. Complex objects that are frequently used can be stored as symbol in the library. This would increase the productivity in the drafting work.
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Starting with AutoCAD 2002
[Start]>Program>MDT 6>AutoCAD2002
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AutoCAD 2002 and AutoCAD Today
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AutoCAD Today window – used to open or create new drawings
Create new drawing tab
from Template or Wizards
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Usually start from scratch
In ‘Select how to begin:’ box, select Start from Scratch
Click on Metric
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To define the drawing area and limit the grid display
[menu] > Format > Drawing Limits…
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Very useful tool, as a guide in drawing
To activate:
To modify the settings
Select Settings…
Showing Grid
Without Grid
Changing Grid
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Or click Open Icon
Or click Save Icon
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Printing
Can be done from model view or from layout view (paper space)
From model view (Make sure in Model Tab)
[Menu] > File > Plot or CTRL +P or click Plot Icon
Drawing
Orientation
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[pd menu]
Example:
Type in command prompt
Example:
Command: line {enter}
You just have to type in the word line and press the key Enter (on the keyboard)
The command is not case sensitive
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Left-click
Commonly used to pick or choose an item
Right-click
Commonly used to access pop-up menu
Double-click
Click-and-drag
Commonly referred to pressing left mouse button (and not releasing it) and move the mouse as required
The left mouse button is released to finish the command
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Type in coordinates in command prompt window
When using the mouse
Set snap and grid spacing accordingly
Mouse Pointer
Line drawn
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By clicking [icon Line]
command: line {enter} or command: L {enter}
To draw a straight line
Using mouse
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Move the pointer to the desired location as start point
Click
To end the line press Enter
To continue, move the pointer to 3rd point, Click
Continue as required
Start point
2nd point
3rd point
4th point
End point
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Drawing straight line …cont
Absolute coordinate
Relative coordinate
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Drawing straight line …cont
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Drawing circle
Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing straight line
To execute circle command
[pd menu] > Draw > Circle >
At command prompt command: circle {enter} or command: c {enter}
Pull-down menu
Command prompt
Shortcut Icon
Circle command
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3.2 Drawing circle …cont
Methods to draw circles
2. Radius, 1.5
Note: mouse can be used to place the center point and the radius of the circle
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Tan tan tan
Command prompt:
Note: these 3 lines must exist on the drawing area before the circle can be drawn
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Drawing arc
Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing circle
To execute arc command
[pd menu] > Draw > Arc >
At command prompt command: arc {enter} or command: a {enter}
Pull-down menu
Command prompt
Shortcut Icon
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3 points
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using mouse
(2) click the entity to be erased - the entity will become dotted with several blue square
(3) press Delete key
to delete multiple entities, click all that need to be deleted and press Delete key
can also use the command prompt to delete
command: erase {enter}
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type in command prompt command: copy {enter}
select on entity/entities to be copied
press Enter key after selecting entity/entities
select base point
select position of the entity to be placed
selecting can be done by mouse or typing the coordinate of the entity (touching)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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similar to copy entity
click on the blue square in the middle
move your mouse to the desired location
click to place the entity on the new location
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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[pd menu] > Modify > Scale
Or command: scale {enter}
(2) Select entities to be scaled, press Enter
(3) Select (click) base point, mouse can be used to scale the entities or type in scale factor at command prompt
Command prompt:
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Line types and line thickness
The line type need to be loaded before it can be used
[pd menu] > Format > Linetype…
initially we only have one line type which is continuous
click on [button Load]
Line Types
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Line types...
Choose the types of lines to be loaded by clicking it from the list
click [button OK]
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Line types and line thickness drop down list box
Select the required line type and line thickness
Draw the line, arc, etc
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Useful to draw small feature, to view overall size, etc.
Several options.. Commonly used
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[icon Zoom Window]
Command: z {enter}
Use mouse to specify the window (click on one corner, drag a rectangular window around the area to be zoom, click on the opposite corner)
Zoom window
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[icon Zoom All]
Command: z {enter}
Command: a {enter}
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Cursor icon will change to magnifying glass
Press LMB, move mouse up to zoom in,
Press LMB, move mouse down to zoom out
Release LMB for the new view
Zoom realtime
Zoom realtime
Zoom window
Zoom previous
Pan realtime
Pan realtime
Press LMB, move mouse to move view of screen
Release mouse for the new view
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Pan … cont
To move the view of the drawing around the screen - left, right, etc..
To access command
others - left, right, up, down
effect of pan similar to moving the scroll bar (horizontal & vertical)
REDRAW – refresh display, removing element such as markers left from editing commands
REGEN – refresh display, recalculate all coordinates
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Command: text {enter}
After executing the command
Click in drawing area or type in coordinates for start point of the text
Type in the height of the text
Type in the rotation, if required
Type in the text
To end the command, press enter twice
Text icon
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Command: mtext {enter}
[Icon Multiline Text]
Activate the command
Click on drawing area to specify the first corner, and click again to define the area where the text is to be drawn
Multiline Text Editor window is displayed
Type in the text in writing area, change its properties if required
Click OK button to finish
Multiline text
1st corner
Opposite corner
Writing area
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Drawing aid: Object snap
Object snap or OSNAP
Are functions to aid the drawing process, a very useful tool
To snap on a geometric point on an object
Can be turned off or on by clicking OSNAP button on status bar or press CTRL+F or F3 key
When turned on, the cursor will jump or snap to the certain point on an object e.g. mid-point of a line or tangent of a circle
Includes visual aid – AutoSnap
Several OSNAP modes available, can activate any number at a time
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
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‘Drafting Setting’ dialog box turns up
Can be used to turn on or off object snap modes
Symbols indicated by each mode are shown in drawing with yellow marker
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You need to have an object on drawing area
Then you need to be in a drawing command, e.g. CIRCLE, LINE, ARC, etc.
Hover the mouse over the existing object,
Yellow marker shows up with tool tip
Indicating what type of geometric point snap can be done
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
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Object snap modes…cont
Endpoint
Snap to endpoint of the nearest entity, e.g. end of a line
Midpoint
Snap to the midpoint of an entity, e.g. midpoint of a straight line, or arc
Center
Snap to the center of entity such as circle, arc or ellipse
Node
Quadrant
Snap to the quarter position on the circumference of an arc, circle or ellipse
Intersection
Tangent
Snap to the tangent of entities such as circle, arc or ellipse
Nearest
Perpendicular
Snap to the point perpendicular to an entity such as straight line
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