05-Oct-02

L. MoritzTRIUMF

4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C.

V6T2A3Lutz.moritz@triumf.ca

Radiation.Safety@ISAC

SAFERIB WorkshopCERN, Oct.30-Nov.1, 2002

05-Oct-02

Overview

Short description of ISAC Shielding (tools and verification) Activation (yields and distribution) Target handling Contamination control Experience and plans for future

05-Oct-02

ISAC Parameters

Reference Design:

100 A of 500 MeV protons on

95 g cm-2 UC2

Reference Design:

100 A of 500 MeV protons on

95 g cm-2 UC2

Authorization:

100 A of 500 MeV protons on targets

Z 82

Authorization:

100 A of 500 MeV protons on targets

Z 82

Application for targets with Z > 82

in preparation

Application for targets with Z > 82

in preparationOttawa

05-Oct-02

Targets (to September 2002)Target t (g cm -2) Max. Ip (A) Ipdt (Ah)

CaO 36.0 <10 70

CaO 31.1 <10 363

Nb 11.1 10 3242

Nb 11.5 20 9063

Mo 89.2 100 197

Ta 21.3 20 3516

CaZrO3 42.3 2 1357

SiC 7.4 10 2155

Nb 22.0 40 3766

Ta 43.6 40 17279

SiC 29.9 15 16010

SiC 18.9 30

TiC 37.1 40

Test only

05-Oct-02

ISAC at TRIUMF

http://www.triumf.ca/isac/is9-00-t.jpg

05-Oct-02

ISAC Experimental Hall

05-Oct-02

ISAC-II (2005)

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target Stations

500 MeV Protons

RIBInitial Installation:

West Target StationInitial Installation:

West Target StationInstallation 2002:

East Target Station

Installation 2002: East Target

Station

05-Oct-02

Shielding

Bulk Shielding: Point source, line-of- sight attenuation

Complicated geometries: FLUKA Verification: MCNP, LCS

05-Oct-02

Point Source, Line-of-sight Attenuation of Prompt Radiation Field

2

00 /)/exp()exp()()/,,( rdE

EhEfdEH

m

ppnp

Nuclear interaction probability

Nuclear interaction probability

High-energy neutron yield

High-energy neutron yield

Angular dependence

Angular dependence

Exponential Attenuation

Exponential Attenuation

Geometry factor

Geometry factor

05-Oct-02

Parameters fn(Ep), h0, ,

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

0 500 1000

Incident proton energy (MeV)

800

900

1000

1100

1200

0 500 1000

Incident proton energy (MeV)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 500 1000

Incident proton energy (MeV)

Al

Cu

Pb

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

0 500 1000Incident proton energy (MeV)

Be

C

Al

Fe

Cu

Pb

Nuclear interaction probability, fn

Nuclear interaction probability, fn

Angular dependence,

Angular dependence,

Attenuationlength,

Attenuationlength,

Source term, h0

Source term, h0

m=0.8m=0.8

05-Oct-02

Beam line 2A test (graphite target)

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

-10 -5 0 5 10

Horizontal distance (m)

Do

se e

qu

ival

en

t (p

Sv

pe

r p

roto

n)

Formula

Snoopy

FLUKA

Test: 500 MeV Proton Beam Stop

1.8 m1.8 m2.9 m2.9 m

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target Shielding (Plan)

Steel

Concrete(low Na) Radioactive Ion beam

SlitsCu Beam dumpTarget

Proton beam

Concrete

A A’

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target/ion Source Shielding

ion beam

steel steel steel

0 1m

concrete

concrete & steel

Service space

recycled steel

target

vacuum seals

(Section AA’)

05-Oct-02

Streaming Through Pre-

separator Maze

Target: 50 g cm-2 UC2

Ep = 500 MeVIp = 100 A

FLUKA simulation

05-Oct-02

Pre-separator Maze

Added shielding

Before

After

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target Module

05-Oct-02

Target Module Service Ducts

Target/Ion Source

05-Oct-02

Sv/h

Streaming Through Target

Vacuum Exhaust Ducts

Target: 50 g cm-2 UC2

Ep = 500 MeVIp = 100 A

p

Air

Concrete-

steel

steel

05-Oct-02

Streaming Through Ducts

Concrete-

steel

Air

05-Oct-02

Composition of Top Shield

1E-06

1E-05

1E-04

1E-03

1E-02

1E-01

0 50 100 150

Shield thickness (cm)

Ave

rag

e d

ose

rat

e (S

v/h

)

Concrete

50/ 50steel/ concrete

05-Oct-02

Radiation Fields above Target

350 400 200 105

140 170 200 115

Sv/h

1

10

100

1000

Andersson-Braun Measurement100 A on Mo Target Test

Andersson-Braun Measurement100 A on Mo Target Test

05-Oct-02

Activation

Experimental Cross-sections Silberberg & Tsao FLUKA, LAHET, MCNPX ORIGEN

05-Oct-02

238U(p,x) Cross Section Comparison at 500 MeV

LCS FLUKA ExperimentalSilberberg & Tsao …………

Fission Spallation Peripheral

05-Oct-02

Silberberg & Tsao (YIELDX)

1E-02

1E-01

1E+00

1E+01

1E+02

1E+03

0 50 100 150 200 250

Atomic Mass (A)

Cro

ss

se

cti

on

su

mm

ed

ov

er

Z (

mb

)

Pb Pt

Ta La

Te Sn

Nb Zn

V Ti

Ca Si

Mg

500 MeV Protons

05-Oct-02

FLUKA Simulation (500 MeV protons on UC2 target)

18 cm

1.4 cm

UC2 (5.076 g cm-3)

67 mm

UC2 (5.076 g cm-3)

Ta

H2O

27 mmp

p

05-Oct-02

Yields: UC2 target (FLUKA simulation)18 cm

1.4 cm

UC2 (5.076 g cm-3)500 MeV p

05-Oct-02

ORIGEN (build-up and decay)

1.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.0E+09

1.0E+10

1.0E+11

1.0E+12

1.0E+13

1.0E+14

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Time (hours)

Ac

tiv

ity

(Bq

)

u237 pa233 th227

tl207 bi211 rn219

po215 pb211 ra223

po214 rn218 ra222

th226 at217 bi213

pb209 fr221 pa234m

th234 ac225 po213

np239 u230 po216

rn220 u231 bi212

ra224 pb212 po212

th228 tl208 pa234

np235 ra225 pa232

ac228 tl209 np238

u232

Beam On Beam Off

05-Oct-02

Decays Leading to 210Po

Pu Np

U Pa

Th Ac

Ra Fr

Rn At

Po Bi

Pb Tl

10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 Atoms p-1

10-8

210Po

Long-livedNot in ORIGEN Library

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target Handling

Target Maintenance Hall

05-Oct-02

Maximum -field Outside ITMH

~10 Sv/h@ 1 m

1 Sv/h

05-Oct-02

ISAC Target Servicing:

Hot

Cells

Target storage pit

Hot Cells

Target storage pit

05-Oct-02

ISAC target hot cell roof

docking mechanism

05-Oct-02

ISAC target being

docked in hot cell

05-Oct-02

ISAC Hot Cells Before Installation of Windows

05-Oct-02

View Through ISAC Hot Cell Window

05-Oct-02

Contamination Control

Ventilation System Production of Radioactivity in Air Typical Release Rates Production of Volatile Radioactivity Vacuum Exhaust Handling

05-Oct-02

Ventilation System

Hot CellServiceRoom

Hot CellTargetServiceSpace

Presep.Cave

MassSeparatorRoom

ExperimentalHallServices

Target Maintenance Hall

Fan Standby Fan

Secondary Filters

Primary Filters

Air pressure depressionrelative to outside

Stack

05-Oct-02

Radioactivity Production

in Air

05-Oct-02

Production in Pre-separator Vault

NuclideProduction rate Release rate

(s-1) (Bq a-1) (%DRL)

3H 7.8x106 1.5x105 1.2x10-10

7Be 7.4x105 1.2x106 1.0x10-7

11C 1.5x106 8.6x109 9.5x10-5

13N 5.8x106 6.9x1010 6.3x10-4

15O 2.3x106 1.0x1011 1.7x10-3

41Ar 1.9x106 2.1x109 2.8x10-5

Total 1.8x1011 2.4x10-3

(3000 hours per year, 100A on 238UC2 target)

05-Oct-02

Production in Target Service Space

(3000 hours per year, 100 A on 238UC2 target)

NuclideProduction rate Release rate

(s-1) (Bq a-1) (%DRL)

3H 9.5x104 1.8x103 1.4x10-12

7Be 2.2x104 3.6x104 3.0x10-9

11C 4.6x104 2.7x108 3.0x10-6

13N 1.1x105 1.3x109 1.2x10-5

15O 4.8x104 2.4x109 1.6x10-5

41Ar 3.6x106 4.1x109 5.5x10-5

Total 8.1x109 1.1x10-4

05-Oct-02

Releases to Atmosphere (Gaseous, 2001)

Isotope Total Release (MBq) DRL (MBq) % of DRL127Xe 3.4100 3.7 1010 8.8 10-9

41Ar+ + 5.0 10-3

05-Oct-02

1E-02

1E-01

1E+00

1E+01

1E+02

1E+03

0 50 100 150 200 250

Atomic Mass (A)

Cro

ss s

ecti

on s

umm

ed o

ver

Z (

mb) Pb

Pt

Ta

La

Te

Sn

Nb

Zn

V

Ti

Ca

Si

Mg

Production of VolatilesTarget

HgI/XeRb/KrCl/ArNe+

volatiles

05-Oct-02

Vacuum Exhaust System

HEPA filter

Charcoal filter

Operating storage

Long-term

storage

Pre-separator

Mass-separator

TIS

Exit module

s

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TPMP

MP

MP

Secondary

PrimarySlits

05-Oct-02

Releases to Atmosphere (Particulates, 2001)

Isotope Total Release (MBq) DRL (MBq) % of DRL77Br 1.3103 3.4 109 3.8 10-5

75Se 2.7100 2.9 107 9.3 10-6

54Mn 4.310-1 1.3 107 3.3 10-6

126I 2.710-1 1.1 107 2.4 10-6

137Cs 4.710-1 2.7 107 1.7 10-6

82Sr 1.7100 1.1 108 1.5 10-6

82Br 4.5100 6.0 108 7.5 10-7

124I 2.310-1 3.7 107 6.3 10-7

57Co 2.310-1 1.0 108 2.3 10-7

95Nb 2.7100 1.2 108 2.2 10-6

123I 1.4103 5.7 109 2.4 10-5

Total 2.5 103 8.5 10-5

05-Oct-02

Experience

Contamination Issues Collective Dose

05-Oct-02

One (!) Contamination Incident(June 2000)

Target Station Hot Cell

Nb target

Ta target

Nuclide Bq cm-2

83Rb 0.1675Se 0.0485Sr 0.42169Yb 0.03

Total 0.66

1

2

No contamination after step 1

Uniform contamination after step 1

No other significant contamination since June 2000

No other significant contamination since June 2000

05-Oct-02

TRIUMF Collective Dose

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Year

Total Power (kWx20) Collective dose (mSv)

So far ISAC has had no

significant impact on TRIUMF

collective dose

So far ISAC has had no

significant impact on TRIUMF

collective dose

Start of ISAC operation

05-Oct-02

Future Plans

Task Force to pursue licensing for actinide targets

Proposed test station to measure yields and transport properties of alpha-emitters

Proposed second proton beam line to feed second target station

05-Oct-02

Conceptual Design of Proposed Test Station

05-Oct-02