05 PHD CHAPTER - 5shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/8274/11/11_chapter 5.pdf · H$ir...

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Ho$ir ~mJ V`ma H$aÊ`mAJmoXa Ho$ir bmJdS>rg `mo½` Aer O{_Z {ZdS>br OmVo. Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r ^wg^werV, CÎm_ {ZMè`mMr, _Ü`_ d ^mar O_rZ `mo½` AgVo. hbŠ`m, _wa_mS>, jma`wº$ d MmonU O{_ZrV Ho$ir bmJdS> H$ê$ Zò. Ho$ir bmJdS>rg _Ü`_ ImobrMr, daMm Wa 75 Vo 80 go_r. Mm§Jë`m _mVrMm d nmÊ`mMm `mo½` {ZMam hmoUmar, H$mir H$gXma, {deofV: nmo Q>çmMr, ZXrH$mR>Mr JmimMr O_rZ Mm§Jbr _mZdVo. ghgm gnmQ> O_rZ nmUr XoÊ`mg gwb^ AgVo. na§Vw AmVm {R>~H$ V§Ìm_wio O_rZ WmoS>r C§MgIb Agbr Var bmJdS> H$aVm òVo. Ho$ir nrH$ EH$ Vo {XS> dfm©À`m H$mbmdYrMo Agë`mZo O{_ZrMr nyd©_emJV \$ma H$amdr bmJVo. O{_ZrMr C^r AmS>dr Zm§JaUr d Z§Va C^r AmS>dr H$moinUr {nH$mÀ`m _wim§À`m dmT>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ Amho. O_rZ ZdrZ _mVr, Jmi, H§$nmoñQ>, eoUIV, Jm§S>wiIV, OrdmUyIV B. Q>mHy$Z bmJdS>rnydu ^wg^werV Ho$ë`mg nrH$ gwê$dmVrnmgyZ Omo_mZo dmT>Vo. nrH$mÀ`m _wim§Zm ^wg^werV _D$ _mVrV A{YH$ Imobda d ~mOyg nm` amodVm òVmV. Ë`mZo Ho$ir ImoS>mg _O~wVr òVo d dmT> bdH$a hmoVo.

OoWo ~ma_mhr nmUr CnbãY Amho ({dhrarMo/nmQ>mMo) Ë`mM joÌmV Ho$irMr bmJdS> èñdr hmoVo. Ho$ir ho OdiOdi 13 Vo 15 _{hZo BVH$m H$mbmdYr KoUmao ~mJm`Vr nrH$ Amho. Ë`mg na§namJV nÕVrZo nyU© H$mbmdYrV 50 Vo 55 nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`m bmJVmV. A{VwîU, A{VW§S> hdm_mZ `m nrH$mg _mZdV Zmhr. gmYmaUV: 27 Vo 28 A§e g|Q>rJ«oS>À`m da qH$dm 7 Vo 8 A§e g|Q>rJ«oS>À`m Imbr Vmn_mZ Joë`mg Ho$irÀ`m dmT>rda A{Zï> n[aUm_ hmoVmo. OiJmd {d^mJ nd©Vam§Jm§Zr doT>bobm Agë`mZo Ho$ir {nH$mbm hdm_mZmMm VS>mIm ~gV Zmhr d Ho$ir nrH$ Mm§Jbo \$mo\$mdVo. _mÌ dmXidmao, Jmam§Mm VS>mIm Ho$ir nrH$ ghZ H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. H$maU Vo AË`§V ZmOyH$ nrH$ Amho.

160

VŠVm : 5.1 Ho$irbmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo O{_ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma dJuH$aU

A.Z§. O{_ZrMm àH$ma bhmZ eoVH$ar _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _moR>o eoVH$ar EHy$U eoVH$ar

1 H$mir O_rZ 23.45 (67.97)

37.10 (66.96)

50.25 (63.12)

110.80 (65.36)

2 _Ü`_ O_rZ 08.64 (25.4)

15.20 (27.43)

25.10 (31.53)

48.94 (28.87)

3 hbH$s O_rZ 02.41 (06.98)

03.10 (5.59)

04.25 (5.33)

9.76 (5.75)

4 EHy$U O_rZ 35.50 (100.00)

55.40 (100.00)

79.60 (100.00)

169.05 (100.00)

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U joÌmer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 5.1 _Üò Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ 169.05 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s H$mù`m àH$maÀ`m O{_ZrMo joÌ 110.08 hoŠQ>a (65.36 Q>ŠHo$$) AgyZ Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ àVrÀ`m O{_ZrMo joÌ 48.94 hoŠQ>a (28.87 Q>ŠHo$$) Amho. Va gdm©{YH$ H$_r joÌ hbH$s O_rZ 9.76 hoŠQ>a (5.75 Q Q>ŠHo$$) {XgyZ òVo.

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161

OmV R>a{dë`mZ§Va bmJdS>rVrb A§Va R>a{dVmV. XmoZ Iw§Q>mVrb A§Va ho Ho$irÀ`m OmVrda Adb§~yZ AgVo. XmoZ Iw§Q>mVrb A§Va {H$Vr Agmdo `m~m~V doJdoJio _Vàdmh {XgyZ òVmV. A§Vamdê$Z EHy$U Ho$irMr g§»`m {ZpíMV hmoVo d Ë`mMm gai g§~§Y CËnmXZmer òVmo. {deofV: eoVH$è`mZo XmoZ Ho$irÀ`m amonmVrb Oo A§Va R>odbo Ë`m A§Vamà_mUo à{VhoŠQ>ar {H$Vr amono bmJVrb ho g_Oy eH$Vo. bmJdS>rMm H$mi nydu gmYmaUnUo nmD$g nS>ë`mZ§Va _¥J ZjÌmV Ho$irMr bmJdS> Ho$br OmB©. Ë`mg _¥J~hma Ho$ir Ago åhUV. Z§Va ~mOmamV BVa \$io ZgVmZm Ho$ir CnbãY Ho$br Va \$ma Mm§Jbo ^md {_iVmV. åhUyZ ImZXoeÀ`m (Ywio, OiJmd, Z§Xwa~ma) H$ënH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr ñdV: Am°ŠQ>mo~a Zmoìh|~a_Üò Am°\$ {gPZ nrH$ åhUyZ Ho$ir bmJdS>rg gwê$dmV Ho$br. Ë`mdoir H$m§XobmJdS>rMm H$mbmdYr AgVmo åhUyZ bmoH$m§Zr Ë`mV H$m§ÚmMohr nrH$ KoVbo Ë`m_io Ë`mg H$m§Xo~hma ~mJ g§~moYy bmJbo. AmVm Va {R>~H$ {g§MZmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo \o$~«wdmar, _mM© d E{àb_Üòhr Ho$irMr bmJdS> eoVH$ar H$ê$ bmJbo AmhoV. Ë`mg am_~mJ (am_Zd_r) d hZw_mZ~mJ (hZw_mZ O`§Vr) Ago Zm_m{^YmZ eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bo Amho. `mMmhr eoVH$è`m§Zm Mm§Jbm \$m`Xm {XgyZ Ambm Amho. Ë`m_wio ImZXoemV {deofV: Ywio OiJmd d Z§Xwa~ma_Üò bmJdS>rÀ`m Mma Vo nmM Q>ŠHo$ joÌ `m {nH$mImbr oVo. Á`m eoVH$è`m§À`m {d{hatZm ~ma_mhr d ânya nmUr Amho, Vo `mMm \$m`Xm KoV AmhoV d ~mOma^mdmÀ`m VwbZoV Ë`mMm Mm§Jbm \$m`Xm Ë`m§Zm {_iVmo. _mÌ E{àb, _o, OyZÀ`m A{VCîU Vmn_mZmV ~mJoVrb nmM Vo gmV Q> $o Ho$irMm V`ma _mb dm`m OmV Agë`mZo Ë`mMm Am{W©H$ ^wXªS> eoVH$è`m§Zm ghZ H$amdm bmJVmo.

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162

ImoS>dm {nb~mJ KoD$Z bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©V ~MV H$aÊ`mMm eoVH$è`m§Mm ñVwË` à`ËZ Amho. {R>~H$ V§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ~mJog nmUr XoÊ`mÀ`m `m ZdrZ nÕVrZo Ho$ir CËnmXZmV H«$m§Vr KS>{dbr Amho. Aem ~mJog H$anm amoJmMm \$magm àmXw m©d OmUdV Zmhr.

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bmJdS>rgmR>r H§$X Mm§Jë`m _mV¥~mJoVyZ H$mT>bobo Agmdo, H§$XmMo dOZ 450 Vo 650 J«°_ Agmdo, H§$X C^Q> d ZmaimÀ`m AmH$mamMo AgmdoV. H§$XmÀ`m g§d© _wù`m Vmgmì`mV. H§$Xmda VrZ-Mma [aJm R>odyZ Imbrb ~mOyZo H§$X daModa VmgyZ ¿`mdoV. bmJdS>rnydu H§$Xmda ~oUoà{H«$`m H$amdr. `mgmR>r 100 {b. nmÊ`mV 150 J«°_ A°{g\o$Q> Am{U 100 J«°_ H$m~}ÝS>{P_ {_giyZ ÐmdU V`ma H$amdo. `m ÐmdUmV 30 Vo 40 {_{ZQ>o H§$X ~wS>dmdoV. doioda bmJdS>rgmR>r H§$X CnbãY ZgVrb Va qH$dm ZdrZ dmUmMr bmJdS> H$amd`mMr Agob Va CVrg§d{Y©V amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$amdr. hr amono 45 go_r. C§MrMr {H$_mZ ghm gmV nmZo wº$ Agmdr.

163

VŠVm 5.2 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$mbmdYrZwgma dJuH$aU

A.Z§. Ho$ir bmJdS>

H$mbmdYr bhmZ eoVH$ar _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _moR>o eoVH$ar EHy$U eoVH$ar

1 OyZ-Owb¡ _¥J ZjÌ _¥J ~hma

40 (19.80)

30 (14.85)

20 (9.90)

90 (44.55)

2 Am°ŠQ>mo-Zmoìh|~a H$m§Xo~hma

22 (10.89)

20 (9.90)

15 (7.42)

57 (28.21)

3 \o$~«wdmar-E{àb am_~mJ d hZw_mZ~mJ

20 (9.90)

17 (8.41)

18 (8.91) 55 (27.22)

EHy$U 82 (100.00)

67 (100.00)

53 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U joÌmer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 5.2 _Ü o Ho$ir bmdJS>rMo H$mbmdYrZwgma dJuH$aU `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, {deofV: bhmZ eoVH$ar OyZ-Owb¡ _{hÝ`mV _¥J ZjÌmÀ`m _whÿVm©da _¥J~hma Ho$irMr bmJdS> H$aVmV. ho à_mU 40 hoŠQ>a åhUOoM (19.80 Q>ŠHo$) EdT>o Amho. Va _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 30 hoŠQ>a 14.85 Q>ŠHo$$Amho Va _moR>o eoVH$ar 20 hoŠQ>a 9.90 Q>ŠHo$$Va EHy$U _¥J~hma Ho$irMr bmJdS> 90 hoŠQ>a åhUOoM 44.55 Q>ŠHo$$EdT>r Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Ë`m VwbZoV Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a H$m§Xo~hma Ho$ir bmJdS> bhmZ eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 22 hoŠQ>a (10.89 Q>ŠHo$$) _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§Mo 20 hoŠQ>a (9.90 Q>ŠHo$$) Va _moR>o eoVH$ar 15 hoŠQ>a (7.42 Q>ŠHo$$) EHy$U H$m§Xo~hma Ho$ir bmJdS> hr 57 hoŠQ>a åhUOoM 28.21 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>r {XgyZ Ambr. \o$~«wdmar Vo E{àb `m Xaå`mZ am_Zd_r d hZw_mZ O`§Vr ho Ym{_©H$ CËgd òV Agë`mZo `mhr H$mbmdYrV bhmZ eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z 20 hoŠQ>a (9.90 Q>ŠHo$$), _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z 17 hoŠQ>a (8.41 Q>ŠHo$$) Am{U _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z 18 hoŠQ>a (8.91 Q>ŠHo$$) Ago EHy$U 55 hoŠQ>a EdT>o joÌ am_~mJ Am{U hZw_mZ~mJ Ho$ir bmJdS> Ho$ë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. ho à_mU 27.22 Q>ŠHo$$EdT>o Amho. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, Ho$irMr bmJdS> OdiOdi df© a gmVË`mZo hmoV Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. 5.1.3 Am§Va_emJV

~mJ Mm§Jbr CJdyZ oÊ`mn`ªV nmÊ`mMr doimodoir hdm_mZmZwgma ì`dñWm H$amd`mMr AgVo. CîU hdm_mZmV nmÊ`mMr nmUr {Vgè`m AWdm Mm¡Ï`m {Xder Úmdr bmJVo. Va {hdmù`mV JaOoZwgma Xhm Vo ~mamì`m {Xder Úmdr bmJVo. {R>~H$À`m gmhmæ`mZo XaamoO hdm_mZmZwgma d F$Vw_mZmZwgma nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z nmUr Úmdo bmJVo.

164

Ho$ir ~mJ Mm§Jbr XmoZ nmZmda, Mma nmZmda, ghm nmZmda d AmR> nmZmda dmTy> bmJbr åhUOo ImoS>mg hbŠ`m Hw$idmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo _mVr bmdmdr bmJVo. Ë`m_wio _w»`V: ImoS>mg _mVrMm AmYma hmoVmo d _wio Imobda éOy bmJVmV. Xa ghm Vo ~mam {Xdgm§Zr ImoS>mg ZdrZ nmZ òV AgVo. OaOgo ImoS> dmT>Vo VgVer Ë`mMr yH$ dmT>Vo. gwê$dmVrbm ~mJog Úmd`mMm g§nyU© \$m°ñ\$ag ¿`mdm. gmYmaU 1000 ImoS>m§Zm 100 {H$bmo ZÌ, 40 {H$bmo ñ\y$aX, 100 {H$bmo nmoQ>°e ho à_mU `mo½` _mZbo OmVo. Vem àH$maMr amÁ`mÀ`m eoVH$s ImË`mMr Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r {e\$maghr Amho. h„r lr_§V gma»`m ImXmS> OmVrg `mnojm {XS>nQ> à_mU eoVH$ar dmT>{dVmV. Vo 140 Vo 180 {H$bmo ZÌ 40 {H$bmo ñ\y$aX d 180 {H$bmo nmoQ>°e Ago Amho. VarnU Ho$irg n{hë`m VrZ Vo nmM _{hÝ`mÀ`m H$mbmdYrV g§nyU© amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m _mÌm nyU© H$amì`m Agm X§S>H$ Amho. _mÌ AmVm gmV Vo AmR> _{hÝ`mÀ`m d`mÀ`m Ho$irg EH$ OmXm ~wñQ>a S>mog åhUyZ EH$ hOmar 50 {H$bmo `w[a`m qH$dm A_mo{Z`_ gë\o$Q> d 50 {H$bmo nmoQ>°e {Xë`mZo Ë`mMo Mm§Jbo n[aUm_ {XgyZ Ambo AmhoV. `mMm Cn`moJ Ho$ir _mb V`ma hmoÊ`mH$arVm ~m§Ym Mm§Jbm, d Ho$ir _mb n¸$m hmoÊ`mg \$m`Xoera R>abm Amho.

Ho$ir~mJ doimodoir qZXUo, ~mJoVrb VU H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo, bhmZ AgVmZm hbŠ`m Hw$idmZo ~¡bOmoS>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo d _moR>r Pmë`mda ImoS>mnmgyZ gwa{jV A§Va R>oD$Z EH$~¡br AdOmamZo _emJV H$aUo H«$_àmá R>aVo. A{VCîU hdm_mZmV Ho$ir ~mJoV Am¡V KmbV ZmhrV. nmdgmir dmVmdaUmV `mo½` `mo½` dmngm AgVmZmM ~mJoMr Am§Va_emJV H$aV ~mJog, ImoS>mg _mVrMr â {Xbr OmVo. ~mJoV {nbo dmTy> bmJë`mda doimodoir Ë`m§Mr H$mnUr YmaXma {dù`mZo O{_ZrbJV H$amdr bmJVo. ~mJ gmV Vo Xhm _{hÝ`mMr Pmë`mda ImoS> {ZgdÊ`mg gwê$dmV hmoVo. {Zgdbobr ImoS>o H$moaS>çm nmZm§À`m nmM ghm EH$m n|S>rZo Xm§S>çmda PmH$br OmVmV. Ë`m_wio Ho$ir KS>m§Mo W§S>r d CÝhmnmgyZ g§ajU hmoVo. ImoS> {Zgdë`mda gmV Vo Xhm \$Ê`m nyU© {dH${gV Pmë`mda Ho$i\w$b hbŠ`m hmVmZo _moSy>Z Q>mH$VmV. lr_§Vr gma»`m ZdrZ OmVrV Xhm Vo ~mam \$Ê`m {R>~H$ V§ÌmZo {_iVmV. Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV ~mJog doimodoir nmUr, qZXUr, gm\$g\$mB©, daModa hbH$s H$moinUr doi nmhÿZ Amdí`H$ dmQ>ë`mg Ho$br OmVo. {R>~H$ qgMZmÀ`m ~mJog EH$mM doir hdm, nmUr, ImÚmÞ `m§Mm nwadR>m hmoV Agë`mZo Ho$irMr dmT> PnmQ>çmZo hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. W|~ W|~ nmÊ`mZo ImoS>m§Mr VhmZ ^mJVo, _wim§Zm `mo½` à_mUmV nmUr {_iVo d O{_ZrVrb AÞÐì` Mm§Jbr CnbãY hmoD$Z Ë`m Ho$irÀ`m ImoS>mg {_iVmV. Ë`m_wio nmÊ`mMr 50 Q> o$ ~MV hmoVo d CËnÞmV 25 Vo 30 Q>ŠHo$$dmT> hmoD$Z Ho$ir ~mJ bdH$a {ZgdVo. KS> AmR> Vo Xhm {Xdg bdH$a V`ma hmoVmV. ~mJoMo H$mb_mZ {XS> Vo XmoZ _{hÝ`mZo H$_r hmoVo.

Ho$irMo \y$b ImoS>mVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mÀ`m AmV Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m eodQ>À`m Ho$ir ImoS>mbm AmIyS> nmZ CJdVo Vo Ho$i\w$bmÀ`m Xm§S>çmbm N>ÌrgmaIo g§ajU {ZgJ©V: XoVo. Ho$i\w$b ~mhoa

165

nS>ë`mda gmYmaUV: VrZ Vo gmS>oVrZ _{hÝ`mV Vo nyU© {dH${gV hmoVo. (KS> nyU© V`ma hmoVmo.) `mdoir Ë`mMo CÝhmnmgyZ g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Xm§S>m ~mhoa nS>ë`m~amo~a H$moaS>çm nmZmZo Ë`mg PmH$bo OmVo. Ho$i\y$b Jwê$ËdmH$f©UmÀ`m {Z`_mZwgma Imbr O{_ZrH$S>o PwH$Vo. Ë`mÀ`m gmV Vo Xhm qH$dm àg§Jr ~mam Vo Mm¡Xm \$Ê`m ImoS>mMr d OmVrMr dmT> bjmV KoVm nS>VmV. VarnU EHy$U ~mJoMr _ohZV, _emJV, O{_ZrMm nmoV, {nH$mMr R>odU, ImoS>mMr dmT>, ImoS>mMm Koa BË`mXrda gj_ \$Ê`mMr g§»`m Adb§~yZ AgVo. ImZXoeÀ`m gVV ~XbË`m hdm_mZmV ~gamB© hr Ho$irMr OmV A{V`mo½` Agë`mMo {gÕ Pmbo Amho. AmVm å`wQ>oeZgma»`m dZñnVremómÀ`m VÎdmZo Ë`mVyZ lr_§Vr, AW©nwargma»`m ZdrZ OmVr {dH${gV Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVmV. Ë`mV lr_§Vr OmVrÀ`m KS>mMo dOZ gamgar 3 Vo 4 {H$bmoZo A{YH$ {_iVo. Ho$irMr g§»`m hr OmñV AgVo. Ë`mM~amo~a Ho$irMr bm§~r A{YH$ AgVo. Ë`m_io Ë`mg Mm§Jbm ~mOma^md {_iVmo. åhUyZ ~hþVoH$ eoVH$ar h„r `m OmVrMr bmJdS> H$aV AmhoV.

{Q>í`y H$ëMa `m ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo H$mhr ì`mnmar H§$nÝ`m naXoer Ho$ir OmVrMm ^maVmV àgma H$aV AmhoV. Ë`m_Ü o J«°S> Z¡Z `m A{YH$ CËnmXZ XoUmè`m d J«m°g {_Mb OmVrMr amono OiJmd {OëømV amdoa `mdb VmbwŠ`mV O¡Z ~«Xg© OiJmd `m§Zr ~è`mM eoVH$è`m§Zm eoVmda bmJdS>rgmR>r nwa{dbobr AmhoV. Ë`mMohr A{Ve` Mm§Jbo n[aUm_ {XgV AmhoV. `mVyZM naXoemV {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo CËH¥$ï> Ho$ir _mb {_iV Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Ho$i\w$bmVyZ gj_ \$Ê`m ~mhoa nS>VmZm eodQ>À`m \$UrMr Ho$io dmT>V ZmhrV. Vo nmhÿZ doimodoir Ho$i\w$b hmVmZo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$bo OmVo. àg§Jr EH$ XmoZ \$Ê`m AmYr VmoS>ë`m Va KS> bdH$a âVmV. PmS>mbm AmYma Úmdm bmJVmo. Ho$irMo KS> dOZXma AgVmV. J«°S> Z¡Z OmVrÀ`m C§M dmT>Umè`m Ho$irÀ`m PmS>m§Zm KS> nmogÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV ~m§~yZo AmYma {Xbm OmVmo. 5.1.4 Ho$ir {nH$mdarb amoJ

nU©JwÀN> : hm amoJ {dfmUy§_wio hmoVmo. _mdm `m {H$S>r_wio `mMm àgma hmoVmo. eo§S>çmda bhmZ nmUm§Mm PwnH$m V`ma hmoVmo. {deofV: hm amoJ hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ amoJQ> Ho$irMr PmS>o H$mTy>Z Q>mH$br OmVmV. _mdm {H$S>rMo {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ CXm. _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g, S>m`_oWmoEQ> qH$dm \$m°ñ\${_S>m°ZMr \$dmaUr Ho$br OmVo.

nm|JmgS > : {deofV: Ho$irbm `mMm àmXw m©d _mdm {H$S>rnmgyZ hmoVmo. _mdm {H$S>r Kmb{dÊ`mgmR>r Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr Ho$br OmVo.

H$mir ~m|S>r : Ho$irÀ`m KS>mVrb \$im§Mr Q>moHo$ H$mir nS>VmV, Hw$OVmV. `mda Cnm` åhUyZ amoJQ> Ho$irMr \$io Zï> Ho$br OmVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamBS> S>m`WoZ E_.45 d ~m{dñQ>rZMr AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z \$dmaUr Ho$br OmVo.

166

nZm_m : O{_ZrVrb H$dH$m_wio hm amoJ hmoVmo. {deofV: `m amoJm_wio Ho$irÀ`m ImoS>mVrb noer Vn{H$ar H$minQ> nS>VmV. hm amoJ hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ bmJdS>rÀ`m doir Ho$irMo ~oUo S>m`WoZ E_.45 qH$dm ~m{dñQ>rZÀ`m 0.25 Q>ŠHo$$ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ _JM bmJdS> Ho$br OmVo. åhUOo `m amoJmda {Z`§ÌU AmUVm oVoo.

H$anm : {deofV: Ho$irda hm amoJ ~waer_wio òVmo. `mg {gJ°Q>moH$m Agohr åhUVmV. `m amoJmÀ`m {Z §ÌUmgmR>r ~m{dñQ>rZ 0.1 Q>ŠHo$$d S>m`WoZ E_.45 À`m 0.25 Q>ŠHo$À`m ÐmdUmV AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo XmoZ \$dmaÊ`m Ho$ë`m OmVmV.

{deofV: {Q>í y H$ëMa nmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m Ho$ir amonm§Mr Aem àH$maMr {ZJm KoVë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `m_Üò gd© àH$maMr H$m_o doioV hmoUo \$ma _hÎdmMo g_Obo OmVo. EH$m _w»` {nH$m~amo~a XmoZ ImoS>ì`m§Mr {nHo$ 28 Vo 30 _{hÝ`mV ghO KoVm òVmV. {Q>í`y H$ëMa amonm§Mr Xe©Zr {H$§_V Oar OmñV dmQ>V Agbr Var hm Ho$di J¡ag_O Amho. {deofV: VrZ {nHo$ KoVbr OmUma AgVrb Va amonm§Mm IM© VrZ {nH$m§_Üò {d^mJbm OmVmo. VgoM Zoh_rÀ`m ~oÊ`mnmgyZ bmJdS> Ho$ë`mnojm {Q>í`y H$ëMa Ho$irMo CËnmXZ h_ImgM OmñV {_iVo. åhUyZ A{bH$S>À`m H$mimV Agohr {XgyZ òVo H$s, OmñVrV OmñV eoVH$ar {Q>í`y H$ëMnmgyZ ~Z{dboë`m Ho$ir amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$aV AmhoV. `mMm AmUIr EH$ \$m`Xm Agm {XgyZ òVmo H$s, Ho$ir KS>mVrb \$Ê`m d \$im§Mm AmH$ma gmaIm {_iV Agë`mZo ~mOma^md gwÕm Mm§Jbm {_iy eH$Vmo.

Ho$irdarb H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r EH$mpË_H$ nrH$ nÕVrMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z {H$S>rMo {Z`§ÌU Ho$ë`mg IynM \$m`Xoera R>aVo. _hmamï>mV àm_w»`mZo Imbrb {H$S>r AmT>iVmV. Ë`m_Ü o gm|S>o{H$S> hr H$miga ^waH$Q> a§JmMr AgVo. Vr O{_ZrV Agboë`m ImoS>mda Cn{O{dH$m H$aVo. Ë`mV A§S>r KmbVo, A§S>r C~{dë`mZ§Va Ë`mMr Air H§$XmV {eê$Z Ë`mda Cn{O{dH$m H$aVo. `mMr bjUo H§$XmV ~moJÚmà_mUo à{VH¥$Vr V`ma hmoVo. H§$X nmoH$i hmoVmo. {deofV: hr Air H§$XmVrb Ja ImV Agë`mZo Vmo ^mJ Hw$OVmo. H$_Hw$dV hmoV OmVmo. Am{U eodQ>r H$irMo PmS> H$mob_Sy>Z Imbr nS>Vo. `mda Cnm``moOZm åhUOoM- 1){H$S>r_wº$ ~mJoVyZ ~oUo {ZdS>Uo. 2)YmaXma {dù`mZo VmgUo/{ZdS>Uo. 3)~oUo _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g 0.5 Q>ŠHo$$ + H$m~}ÝS>{P_ 0.1 Q>ŠHo$$ `m§À`m ÐmdUmV 30 {_{ZQ>o ~wS>{dUo. 4)àËòH$ ImoS>mg 20 J«°_ \$moaoQ> {Xbo OmVo. 5)ImoS>dm KoV ZmhrV. ~mJoV ñdÀN>Vm R>odbr OmVo. CÝhmù`mV Imob Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z O_rZ VmndyZ {Xbr OmVo.

ImoS>H$sS> : OwÝ`m ImoS>mV d XbXbrÀ`m {R>H$mUr `m {H$S>rMm CnÐd OmñV {XgyZ òVmo. `m {H$S>rMr Air ImoS> nmoIaVo. Ë`m_wio PmS> {ZñVoO hmoD$Z dmT> Iw§Q>Vo. ImoS> {H$S>rZo nmS>boë`m {N>Ðm^modVr Vn{H$ar a§JmMo db` {Z_m©U hmoVo. `mdê$Z `m {H$S>rMr àmXw m©d bjmV òVmo. `mda Cnm``moOZm åhUyZ 1)ImoS>dm KoVbm OmV Zmhr. 2)~mJ ñdMN> R>odbr OmVo. 3)PmS>mÀ`m ~w§Ü`mer 0.2 Q>ŠHo$$ S>mÀm°ëS>rZÀ`m hoŠQ>ar 625 Vo 750 {bQ>a ÐmdUmMo qgMZ Ho$bo OmVo.

167

Ho$irdarb gwÌH¥$_r : Ho$irMo CËnmXZ H$_r hmoÊ`mg Or H$mhr H$maUo AmhoV Ë`mV gwÌH¥$_rMm àmXw m©d ho _hÎdmMo H$maU Amho. gwÌH¥$_r hm EH$ bm§~ Ym½`mgmaIm àmUr AgyZ (0.2

Vo 0.5 {__r.) Ë`mbm OJÊ`mgmR>r Amobmdm d {nH$m§À`m _wù`m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. O{_ZrV ImoS>mÀ`m H§$XmÀ`m _wù`mV Ë`mMo ApñVËd AgVo. _hmamï>mV EHy$U AH$am àH$maÀ`m gwÌH¥$_r Ho$ir {nH$mda {XgyZ Amboë`m AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s Mma àH$maÀ`m gwÌH¥$_r Ho$ir {nH$mda {XgyZ Amë`m. Ë`mVrb Mma àH$maÀ`m gwÌH¥$_r OmñV à_mUmV CnÐdr AmhoV. 1)hm{bH$moQ>m_i H$g _ëQ>r{gŠQ>g, 2)hmoßbm`_g, 3)JoQ>rboZŠg a°{ZH$m°{_Šg, 4)Q>m`boH$moa{H$Šg `m MmahrgwÌH¥$_r Ho$irÀ`m ImoS>mVrb Ja ImVmV. Ho$irÀ`m _wim§Zmhr Vo BOm nmohM{dVmV. `m gwÌH¥$_r_wio Ho$irMo _moR>çm à_mUmda ZwH$gmZ hmoD$ eH$Vo. Vo hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ H$mhr nwT>rb Cnm``moOZm gm§{JVë`m OmVmV. 1)àË oH$ Ho$ir {nH$mZ§Va _H$m, Ádmar, Jhÿ, D$g `mgmaIr \o$a~Xb H$ê$Z {nHo$ ¿`mdr. 2)Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. 3)P|Sy>gmaIo {_l{nH$ ¿`mdo. qH$dm P|Sy>Mo Am§Va{H$ ¿`mdo. H$maU P|Sy>À`m _wimVyZ Aë\$mQ>Wm}ZmB©b agm`Z ~mhoa òVo. Vo gwÌH¥$_rZmeH$ AgVo. 4){ZamoJr ~oUo bmJdS>rgmR>r {ZdS>mdo. 5)_mohar, VmJ, Vri Aer {_l{nHo$ ¿`mdr. d hr {nHo$ 50 Q>ŠHo$$ \w$bmoè`mV Amë`mZ§Va H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV. Ë`m§À`m _wù`m§Mm ^mJ VmoSy>Z Zï> H$amdm d ImoS> nmUm§À`m ^mJm§nmgyZ {hadirMo IV H$amdo. 6)_wido VmgyZ KoD$Z eoUnmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ Ë`mda 10 Q>ŠHo$$ \$moaoQ> 13-14 J«°_ à{VImoS> BVHo$ Q>mH$mdo. {H$§dm 3 Q>ŠHo$$H$m~m}â`wam°Z à{VPmS>mg 40 J«°_ XoUo. bmJdS>rZ§Va gXaMo gwÌH¥$_rZmeH$ 3-4 _{hÝ`mZ§Va naV ~m§JS>r nÕVrZo X²> mdo. 7)bmJdS>rnydu 2-3 AmR>dS>o AJmoXa hoŠQ>ar 1500 Vo 2000 {H$bmo qZ~moir n|S> O{_ZrV {_giyZ nmUr X²> mdo. Vr n|S> Hw$OdyZ Ë`mVyZ {\$Zm°b agm`Z gë\$a S>mÀm°ŠgmBS> d H$m~©Z S>mÀm°ŠgmBS> ~mhoa nS>Vmo. Ë`m_wio gwÌH¥$_rMo Mm§Jbo {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. 8)Ho$irMr ImoS>o VmgUo d Vr ImoS>o _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g (0.5 Q>ŠHo$) À`m ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ Vr 45 Vo 72 Vmg dmi{dUo `m_wio gwX²>Ym gwÌH¥$_rMm Mm§Jbm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoVmo. Aer {e\$mag H¥$frImË`mH$Sy>Z H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. gd©gmYmaUnUo _hmamï>mVrb Ho$ir {nH$mda gwÌH¥$_rÀ`m àmXw m©dmMo à_mU AË`ën AmT>iVo.

_hmamï>mVrb Ho$ir naXoemV {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$sS> d amoJ_wº$ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r KoÊ`mV Amboë`m gd}jUmVyZ An[an¹$ Ho$im§da H$mio {R>nHo$ {XgyZ Ambobo AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm AgVm Ho$i\w$b ~mhoa nS>ë`mda Ë`mda \w$b{H$S>o {XgyZ Ambo AmhoV. \w$b{H$S>o An[an¹$ Ho$irÀ`m gmbrV EH$-EH$ A§S>r KmbVmV. Ë`mVyZ \w$b{H$S>çmVrb Vê$U AdñWm ~mhoa Amë`mda VoWo H$mù`m a§JmMm C§MdQ>m V`ma hmoVmo. Ho$ir {nH$ë`mda VoWo ~waerMm {eaH$md hmoD$Z S>mJ nS>VmV. Aem Ho$ù`m§Zm naXoemV _mJUr ZgVo. \w$b{H$S>çm§Mm àmXw m©d Ho$i\w$b ~mhoa nS>ë`mda XmoZ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m AmV {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`mMo {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r doi gmYyZ _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g 0.94 Q>ŠHo$$ÐmdUmMr \$dmaUr H$ê$Z KS> g{ÀNÐ ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrZo PmH$bm

168

OmVmo. `m \$dmaUrZ§Va Agm {ZîH$f© {XgyZ òVmo H$s, 2071 Q>ŠHo$$Ho$irda \w$b{H$S>çm§Mm àmXw m©d {XgyZ Ambm. Ho$ir n¹$ Pmë`mda KS> H$mTy>Z 0.1 Q>ŠHo$$H$m~}ÝS>rP_À`m ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ {nH$dÊ`mgmR>r R>odbr AgVm {nH$boë`m Ho$im§da 10 Vo 12 {XdgmV S>mJ {XgyZ Ambobo AmhoV. 5.1.5 {Q>í`y H$ëMa Ho$ir (CVr g§dY©Z)

Ho$ir ho XoemVrb d _hmamï>mVrb à_wI \$iPmS>m§n¡H$s EH$ AgyZ A{YH$ \$m`Xm XoUmao Amho. Ho$irMr bmJdS> àm_w»`mZo _wZdo AWdm ~oUo bmD$Z Ho$br OmVo. H¥$fr joÌmVhr àJV V§ÌkmZ nwT>o òD$ bmJbo Amho. {Q>í`y H$ëMa ho Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ A{VàJV H¥$fr V§ÌkmZ Amho. {Q>í`yH$ëMa Ho$ir amonm§Mr bmJdS> A{bH$S>o _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoD$ bmJbr Amho.

{Q>í`y H$ëMa åhUOo PmS>mÀ`m {d{eï> Ad`d qH$dm Ë`mMr EImXr noer qH$dm g_wh `m§Mm ^mJ `mo½` àH$mÀ`m H¥${Ì_ nmofU _mÜ`_m_Ü o à`moJemioVrb {ZOªVyH$ d {Z`§{ÌV dmVmdaUmVrb H$mMZ{bHo$V amonm§Mr A{^d¥Õr H$aÊ`mÀ`m emóewÕ V§ÌkmZ nÕVrg CVr g§dY©Z Ago åhUVmV. {Q>í`y H$ëMa_Üò dmnaë`m OmUmè`m {d{eï> noer_Üò PmS>mMo nmZ, _wi, ImoS>mMm ^mJ qH$dm H$m|~mMo AWdm dZñnVrMo dmT>Vo Q>moH$ `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. {Q>í`y H$ëMa / CVr g§dY©ZmMo \$m`Xo 1. amono EH$_gmZ d`mMr d OmVrMr AgVmV. 2. amono {ZamoJr d Omo_Xma AgVmV. 3. {Q>í`y H$ëMa Ho$ir bmJdS>r_Üò _mV¥d¥jmMo gd© JwUY_© gmaIo ZgVmV. 4. A{YH$ CËnmXZ XoUmar _mV¥d¥jmMr amono Agë`m_wio CËnmXZ A{YH$ {_iÊ`mMr ImÌr AgVo. 5. bmJdS>rnmgyZ 11-12 _{hÝ`mV Ho$irMo nrH$ H$mT>Ê`mg V`ma hmoVo. 6. Ho$ir {nH$mMr dmT> EH$g_mZ hmoVo. 7. Ho$ir {nH$mMm H$mbmdYr H$_r Agë`m_wio ObqgMZ, _Owar `m_Üò ~MV hmoVo. {edm` ho

nrH$ H$_r H$mbmdYrV òV Agë`mZo doihr dmMbm OmVmo. 8. 28-30 _{hÝ`mV EH$ d XmoZ ImoS>do Aer VrZ Ho$irMr {nHo$ KoVm òVmV. 9. {Q>í`y H$ëMa_wio Ho$irMo CËnmXZ OmñV Ë`m_wio \$m`Xmhr OmñV {XgyZ òVmo. `mD$bQ> nma§nm[aH$ ~oUo Ho$ir bmJdS>rMo nwT>rb VmoQ>o {XgyZ òVmV. 1. gd© ~oUo EH$g_mZ d EH$ OmVrMo {_iob `mMr ImÌr ZgVo. 2. ~oUo / H§$X H$sS> d amoJ_wº$ Agë`mMr ImÌr ZgVo. 3. ~oUo Ho$ir bmJdS>r_Üò gd© PmS>mMo JwUY_© gmaIo gmaIo òVmV. 4. ~oUo doJdoJù`m _mV¥d¥jmMr {ZdS> Agë`m_wio A{YH$ CËnmXZmMr ImÌr AgVo. 5. bmJdS>rnmgyZ 15-16 _{hÝ`mV nrH$ H$mT>Ê`mg V`ma hmoVo. H$mbmdYr OmñV bmJVmo. 6. {nH$mMr dmT> EH$g_mZ hmoV Zmhr.

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7. {nH$mMm H$mbmdYr OmñV Agë`m_wio nmUr, _Owa Am{U doioMm dmna OmñV hmoVmo. 8. 30-32 _{hÝ`mV EH$ _w»` nrH$ d EH$ ImoS>dm Aer XmoZnrHo$ KoUo eŠ` hmoVo. 9. CËnmXZ H$_r åhUyZ \$m`Xmhr H$_r hmoVmo.

A{bH$S>o OmñVrV OmñV Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$ar OmñVrV OmñV \$m`Xm {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo nma§nm[aH$ Ho$ir bmJdS>rEodOr {Q>í`y H$ëMa (CVr g§dY©Z) `m AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌmZo V`ma Ho$bobr Ho$irMr amono bmJdS>rgmR>r ng§V H$arV Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. {Q>í`y H$ëMa Ho$irMr bmJdS>

_¥J~mJ bmJdS> OyZ-Owb¡ _{hÝ`mV Ho$br OmVo. H$m§Xo~mJ bmJdS> Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mV Ho$br OmVo. `mgmR>r qgMZ gw{dYm AgUo _hÎdmMo Amho. {Q>í`y H$ëMa A§VJ©V Ho$irÀ`m XmoZ OmVr _hÎdmÀ`m AmhoV. 1)J«±S> Z¡Z, 2)lr_§Vr. {Q>í`y H$ëMa Ho$irÀ`m amonm§Mr {ZdS> hr H$miOrnyd©H$ H$amdr bmJVo. amono gmYmaUV: AS>rM Vo VrZ _{hZo H$mbmdYrMr (J«rZ hmD$g d eoS >hmD$g_Üò àËòH$s {XS> Vo XmoZ _{hZo dmT>{dbobr) gmYmaUV: XrS>> Vo XmoZ \w$Q> C§MrMr AgmdrV. amon {H$S>_wº$ AgUo JaOoMo Amho. àËòH$ amon ho ßb°pñQ>H$À`m {nedrV ñdV§ÌnUo dmT>{dbobo AgVo. {ZdS>boë`m amonmMr H$miOrnyd©H$ eoVmn`ªV dmhVyH$ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Q>H$_YyZ ËdarV {nedrgh CVê$Z PmS>mÀ`m gmdbrV aMyZ R>odbr OmVmV. amonm§Zm PmarZo hbHo$ nmUr {Xbo OmVo. amonm§Mr \$mQ>bobr, _moS>bobr nmZo VrúU MmHy$Zo H$miOrnyd©H$ H$mnyZ Q>mH$br OmVmV. bmJdS>rMo A§Va

{Q>í`y H$ëMa amonm§Mr bmJdS> OmoS> Amoi nÕVrZo H$aVm òVo. OmoS> Amoi nÕVrZo bmJdS >H$aVmZm XmoZ Amoir_Üò O{_ZrÀ`m nmoVmZwgma 2.75 Vo 3 \w$Q> Va amonm§À`m Amoir_Üò nmM Vo ghm \y$Q> A§Va R>odbo OmVo. _Üò nmM Vo ghm \w$Q>mMm nÅ>m gmoS>VmV. {R>~H$À`m XmoZ b°Q>ab_Yrb A§Va AmR> Vo ZD$ \w$Q> AgVo. Zoh_rÀ`m nÕVrZo bmJdS> H$amd`mMr Agë`mg 6x6x6 qH$dm 5x5x5

A§Va R>odbo OmVo. Ho$ir {nH$mMo bmJdS>rMo A§Va {ZpíMV Ho$ë`mZ§Va bmJdS>rnydu AmamIS>çmZwgma {R>~H$

{gM§ZmMr _m§S>Ur H$ê$Z KoVbr OmVo. Ho$irÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmH$arVm amoO JaOoBVHo$ Amdí`H$VoZwgma nmUr XoVm òVo. ho Ho$di {R>~H$ nÕVrZo eŠ` Amho. bmJdS> H$aÊ`mnydu bmJdS>rÀ`m OmJr 1x1x1 Mm IÈ>m V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo. IS²>S>çmV Mm§Jë`m àH$mao Hw$Obobo eoUIV d Mma Vo nmM J«°_ \$moaoQ> EH${ÌV {_gibo OmVo. {Q>í`y H$ëMa amonm§Mr ßb°pñQ>H$Mr {nedr \$mSy>Z AbJ Ho$br OmVo. Am{U amon IS²>S>çmÀ`m _Ü`^mJr {nedrVrb _mVrgh bmdbo OmVo. amon gai Cô R>oD$Z ~mOyZo _mVr bmD$Z KÅ> Xm~yZ KoVbo OmVo. amonmÀ`m bmJdS>rZ§Va hbHo$ nmUr {Xbo OmVo. Z§Va {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ nmUr {Xbo OmVo. {nH$mg nmÊ`mMm VmU nSy> Zò åhUyZ O_rZ Zoh_r dmngm AdñWoV amhrb EdT>oM nmUr {Xbo OmVo.

170

5.1.6 amgm`{ZH$ IVo Ho$ir amonm§À`m dmT>rH$arVm g|{Ð` IVm§~amo~aM amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m _mÌmhr _hÎdmÀ`m

_mZë`m OmVmV. {Q>í`y H$ëMa J«±S> Z¡Z OmVrH$arVm 150 J«°_ ZÌ, 60 J«°_ ñ\w$aX Va 200 J«°_ nmbmeMm à{VImoS>mg dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m _mÌm nma§nm[aH$ amgm`{ZH$ IVm§_YyZ VgoM A{bH$S>o CnbãY Pmboë`m {dÐmì` (Ðdê$n/^wH$Q>r) IVm§_YyZhr XoVm òVmV. A{bH$S>o {R>~H$qgMZm_YyZM `m {dÐmì` IVm§Mm dmna _moR>çm à_mUmV Ho$bm OmVmo. {R>~H$ qgMZm_YyZ nmÊ`mgmo~V {dÐmì` IVo dmnamd`mÀ`m nÕVrg \$Q>uJoeZ Ago g§~moYbo OmVo. nma§nm[aH$ IVm§Mm {ZMam d ~mînr^dZ VgoM O{_ZrVrb pñWarH$aU B. H$maUm§_wio H$m`©j_Vm gmYmaUV: 50 Q>ŠHo$$EdT>r {_iVo IVm§darb 50 Q>ŠHo$$IM© ì`W© OmVmo. `mCbQ> \$Q>uJoeZ_wio O{_ZrMm gm_y (nmoV) {Z §{ÌV amhVmo. {R>~H$qgMZ g§Mm_Üò jma gmMyZ amhV ZmhrV. CËnmXZmV ârd dmT> hmoVo. Aà{V_ JwUdÎmm {_iVo. _Owa, doi Am{U IMm©V _moR>çm à_mUmV ~MV hmoVo. VgoM {dÐmì` IVm§Mr \$dmaUrhr H$aVm òVo. _mVr narjU AhdmbmZwgma amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m _mÌm R>a{dUo A{YH$ `mo½` _mZbo OmVo. 5.1.7 \$Q>uJoeZ V§ÌkmZ

{R>~H$ d Vwfma qgMZ nÕVrZo qgMZm~amo~a {nH$m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m {d{dY AdñWoV bmJUmè`m IVm§Mm nwadR>m hm XaamoO qH$dm {XdgmAmS> WoQ> {nH$m§À`m H$joV Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo. `m g§H$ënZobm \$Q>uJoeZ Ago g§~moYbo OmVo. \$Q>uJoeZÀ`m dmnamgmR>r 10 Q>ŠHo$${dÐmì` IVo CnbãY AgUo AË`§V JaOoMo Amho. gÜ`m ~mOmamV CnbãY AgUmar nma§nm[aH$ amgm`{ZH$ IVo nmÊ`mV g§nyU©nUo {dÐmì` Va ZmhrVM {edm` Ë`m_Üò ŠbmoamoBS> d gmoS>r`_gmaIo hmZrH$maH$ _wbÐìò AgVmV. VgoM hr IVo qgMZ AWdm Vwfma qgMZm_YyZ XoVm òV ZmhrV. nma§nm[aH$ IVo g§nyU©nUo Ðmì` Zgë`m_wio {nH$m§Zm Vr nwaonya CnbãY hmoD$ eH$V ZmhrV. {nH$dmT>rÀ`m g§nyU© H$mimV gd© IVo EH$, XmoZ qH$dm VrZ _mÌm§_Üò {d^mJyZ hmVmZo \o$Hy$Z qH$dm nm^marVyZ {Xbr OmVmV. Ë`m_wio ~hþVm§er AÞÐì` {ZMè`mÛmao, ~mînr^dZmÛmao, O{_ZrVrb pñWarH$aUm_wio dm`m OmVmV. {edm` hr IVo H$m`©j_ _wim§À`m nmVirImbr Joë`m_wio {nH$m§Zm Cn`wŠV amhV ZmhrV. `m gd© H$maUm§_wio nma§nm[aH$ IVm§Mr Cn`wº$Vm 50-60 Q>ŠŠ`mnojmhr H$_r AgVo. \$Q>uJoeZ V§ÌmÛmao Úmd`mMr IVo nmÊ`mV 100 Q>ŠHo$${dÐmì` AgyZ {R>~H$qgMZmÛmao WoQ> H$m`©j_ _wim§À`m H$joV {Xbr OmD$ eH$VmV. {edm` hr IVo {nH$m§Zm amoO JaOoZwgma {Xbr OmV Agë`m_wio {ZMam ~mînr^dZ d {ñWarH$aUmMm àíZ CX² dV Zmhr. `m_wio Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV `m \$Q>uJoeZ V§ÌmMm IynM Mm§Jbm Agm n[aUm_ {deofV: CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoÊ`mg Am{U Ho$irMr JwUdÎmm dmT>{dÊ`mV {XgyZ òVmo.

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{dÐmì` IVo H$er AgmdrV? 1. {dÐmì` IVo AmåbY_u AgmdrV. 2. Vr gwú_ AÞÐì` wº$ AgmdrV. 3. Vr g§nyU©nUo nmÊ`mV {dÐmì` AgmdrV. 4. Vr ŠbmoamBS> d gmoS>r`_gma»`m hmZrH$maH$ _wbÐì`mnmgyZ _wº$ AgmdrV. 5. Vr \$dmaUrVyZ VgoM {R>~H$Ûmao XoÊ`mg `mo½` AgmdrV. 6. Vr nmÊ`mV {_gië`mda gmH$m V`ma hmoUmar AgmdrV. 7. Ë`mVrb AÞÐì` {nH$mg ghO CnbãY hmoUmar Agmdr. 8. Vr {nH$m§À`m AdñWoZwgma XoÊ`mg `mo½` Agmdr. 9. {d{dY {dÐmì` IVo EH$_oH$m§_Üò {_giÊ`mg `mo½` Agmdr. 10. Vr Zoh_r ghO CnbãY AgmdrV. {dÐmì` IVo dmnamVyZ {_iUmao \$m`Xo 1. {dÐmì` IVo 100 Q>ŠHo$$nmÊ`mV {dÐmì` Agë`m_wio Ë`mVrb AÞXì` Ho$ir {nH$mg bJoM

CnbãY hmoD$ eH$VmV. 2. Ho$ir {nH$m§Zm nmUr d AÞÐì`mMm {Z`{_V nwadR>m hmoV Agë`mZo CËnmXZmV ârd dmT>

hmoVo. 3. {dÐmì` IVo Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m JaOoZwgma d AdñWoZwgma XaamoO AWdm {XdgmAmS> XoVm òVmV. 4. {dÐmì` IVo WoQ> [nH$m§À`m H$joV {Xbr OmVmV d Vr Ho$irÀ`m _wim§Zm ËdarV CnbãY

hmoVmV. 5. {dÐmì` IVo gm¡å` ÐmdUmVyZ {Xbr OmV Agë`mZo Ho$irÀ`m _wim§da A{ZîQ> n[aUm_ hmoV

Zmhr. 6. hr IVo XoÊ`mMr nÕV A{Ve` gmonr d gmo rMr Agë`m_wio doi, _Owar, IM©, COm© Am{U

`§Ìgm_J«rMr ~MV hmoVo. 7. {dÐmì` IVo amoO H$_r _mÌoV {Xbr OmV Agë`mZo AÞÐì` {ZMè`mdmQ>o AWdm

pñWarH$aUmÛmao dm`m OmV ZmhrV. 8. {dÐmì` IVo AmåbY_u Agë`m_wio O{_ZrMm gm_y {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. Ë`mM~amo~a

{R>~H$gqMZ g§MmV jma gmMV ZmhrV. {S>ng© MmoH$ hmoV ZmhrV. 9. H$mhr {dÐmì` IVm§_Üò gwú_ AÞÐì` Agë`m_wio ñdV§ÌnUo O{_ZrVyZ ¿`md`mMr \$maer

Amdí`H$Vm ^mgV Zmhr. 10. {dÐmì` IVo dmnam_wio IVm§À`m _mÌo_Üò ~MV hmoVo. 11. EH$mM ÐmdUmVyZ ZÌ, ñ\y$aX d nmbme {VÝhr AÞÐì` XoVm òVmV.

172

12. {dÐmì` IVo gmoS>r`_ d ŠbmoamBS>gma»`m hmZrH$maH$ _wbÐì`mnmgyZ _wº$ Agë`m_wio O{_ZrÀ`m nmoVmMm èhmg hmoV Zmhr. VgoM Agohr {XgyZ Ambo Amho H$s, CËnmXZmMr JwUdÎmm hr Aà{V_ amhVo.

13. {dÐmì` IVo \$dmaUrÛmaohr dmnaVm òD$ eH$VmV. 14. hbŠ`m d H$_r gwnrH$ O{_ZrVhr \$Q>uJoeZÛmao A{YH$ Ho$irMo CËnmXZ {_i{dUo eŠ` Pmbo

Amho. \$Q>uJoeZ H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr

{dÐmì` IVo hr {R>~H$qgMZmÛmao Úmd`mMr Agë`mZo {R>~H$qgMZ g§MmMr H$miOrnyd©H$ XoI^mb H$aUo _hÎdmMo AgVo. {R>~H$qgMZ g§MmMr _m§S>Ur hr AmamIS>çmZwgma H$amdr bmJVo. Ë`mV ~Xb Ho$bo Agë`mg g§MmÀ`m H$m`©j_Voda n[aUm_ {XgyZ òVmo. gd©àW_ {R>~H$qgMZ g§Mm_Üò {\$ëQ>a (g°S>pñH«$Z {\$ëQ>a) _oZ bmB©Z, g~_oZbmB©Z, b°Q>ab, {\$Q>tJ, dm°ëìh d âbe dm°ëìh BË`mXr {R>H$mUmhÿZ hmoUmè`m JiË`m nyU©nUo ~§X H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. eoVmVrb gd© {S>na_Üò MH$Ë`m Amho qH$dm ZmhrV ho VnmgyZ KoVbo nm{hOo. Oa MH$Ë`m ZgVrb Va `mo½` AmH$mamÀ`m MH$Ë`m Q>mHy$Z {S>ng© nyd©dV H$ê$Z KoVbo OmVmV. {S>naOdi JiVr Agob Va Vo ~§X Ho$bo OmVo. ZmhrVa gd© PmS>m§Zm gmaIo nmUr {_iV Zgë`mg IVm§Mo à_mUhr H$_r-OmñV hmoVo d Ë`mMm CËnmXZmda {dnarV n[aUm_ hmoVmo. VgoM {S>naMo PmS>mnmgyZMo A§Va `mo½` Amho qH$dm Zmhr Vo doimodoir Vnmgmdo bmJVo. b°Q>ab Zù`m gai ~m§YyZ ¿`mì`mV. qH$dm O{_Zrda gai R>odmì`m bmJVmV. g°ÊS> d pñH«$Z{\$ëQ>a g~_oZ {Z`{_VnUo gm\$ H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. b°Q>ab Zù`mMr Vm|S>o CKSy>Z Xa AmR>-n§Yam {Xdgm§Zr gm\$ H$ê$Z ¿`mdr bmJVmV. nmÊ`mMm ómoV {dhra, H$mbdm, YaU, ZXr, Vbmd Agob Va d Ë`mV eodmi, Jmi, H$Mam Agob Aem {R>H$mUr {R>~H$ {g§MZ g§M {XK©H$mi gwairV amhÊ`mH$arVm pñH«$Z{\$ëQ>aMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. IVo XoÊ`mAJmoXa Ho$ir PmS>m§Zm nmÊ`mMr {H$Vr JaO Amho ho Ë`m ^mJmVrb O_rZ, hdm_mZ, Ho$ir PmS>mMr AdñWm B. JmoîQ>tMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z {Z{íMV H$amdr bmJVo. gmYmaUV: O_rZ amoO dmngm AdñWoV amhrb EdT>oM nmUr PmS>m§Zm {Xbo nm{hOo. H$maU dmngm {ñWVrVM dZñnVr hdm, nmUr, AÞÐì` Mm§Jë`m [aVrZo KoD$ eH$Vo. EH$Xm hr nmÊ`mMr _mÌm {ZpíMV Ho$ë`mda {dÐmì` IVo XoÊ`mMm Xa d H$mbmdYr gmYZmZwgma ~XbV AgVmo. {dÐmì` IVm§Mm dmna EHy$U qgMZ H$mbmdYrÀ`m _Yë`m H$mbmdYrV H$amd`mMm AgVmo. g_Om AmnU 120 {_{ZQ>o {R>~H$qgMZ g§M Mmb{dV Agë`mg gd©àW_ 60 {_{ZQ>o \$º$ nmUr {Xbo OmVo. Z§Va 40 {_{ZQ>o {dÐmì` IVo {R>~H$qgMZmÛmao {Xbr OmVmV d eodQ>r nwÝhm 20 {_{ZQ>o nmUr {Xbo OmVo. eodQ>r nmUr {Xbo OmVo H$maU {R>~H$qgMZ g§MmV IVo gmMyZ Z amhVm IVm§Mr g§nyU© _mÌm _wim§n`ªV nmohmoMVo. IVo XoÊ`mMo gmYZo H$moUVrhr Agmo, H$mbmdYr {H$Vrhr Agmo IVm§Mr Vrd«Vm hr Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV 200 Vo 500 nrnrE_

173

EdT>rM AgUo JaOoMo Amho. EdT>çm Vrd«VoMr IVo Ho$irbm {Xbr VaM Ho$ir AÞÐì` KoD$ eH$VmV. åhUyZ \$Q>uJoeZÀ`m H$mbmdYrg IynM _hÎd Amho. {nH$m§Zm OmñV nmUr XoD$ Zò AÝ`Wm nmÊ`m~amo~a IVm§Mmhr {ZMam hmoD$Z OmB©b. åhUyZ Ho$ir {nH$mMr JaO bjmV KoD$ZM VodT>oM nmUr XoUo _hÎdmMo R>aVo. {dÐmì` IVo \$dmaUr H$aÊ`mg `mo½` AgVmV. ho Iao Agbo Var, Ho$ir {nH$mg H$moUË`m AÞÐì`mMr JaO Amho AemM IVm§Mr {ZdS> H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr \$dmaUr Ho$br OmVo. \$dmaUr H$aVmZm Ë`mMr Vrd«Vm Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV 750-1000 nrnrE_ (0.750-1.0

J«°_) à{VbrQ>a nmÊ`mV EdT>o AgUo JaOoMo Amho. 5.1.8 {Q>í`y H$ëMa (CVr g§dY©Z) Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m bmJdS>rnmgyZÀ`m {d{dY AdñWm 1. ~më`mdñWoVrb : bmJdS>rnmgyZ Vo dmT>rMm H$mi 60 {Xdg 2. _w»` dmT>rMm H$mi : 60 Vo 120 {Xdg 3. \$iYmaUm hmoÊ`mMm H$mi : 120 Vo 180 {Xdg 4. _hÎdmÀ`m dmT>rMm H$mi : 180 Vo 200 {Xdg / 210 {Xdg 5. Ho$ir {ZgdÊ`mMm H$mi : 210 Vo 240 {Xdg 6. \$Ê`mVrb Ho$irÀ`m dmT>rMm H$mbmdYr : 240 {Xdg Vo H$mnUrn`ªV (gmYmaUV: Ho$irMm

b§Ja nyU© V`ma hmoD$Z H$mnUrg òÊ`mH$arVm 100 Vo 120 {Xdg bmJVmV.) Ho$ir dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV Zm`Q>moOZ, \$m°ñ\$ag, nmoQ>°e `m§Mo à_mU 2:1:1 Agmdo. dmT>rÀ`m

H$mimV Zm`Q>moOZMr OmñV JaO ^mgVo. Va \$iYmaUm d {ZgdÊ`mÀ`m H$mimV Zm`Q>moOZ \$m°ñ\$ag, nmoQ>°eZMo à_mU 1:3:1 Ago Agmdo bmJVo. KS> dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV Zm`Q>moOZ, \$m°ñ\$ag, nmoQ>°eMo à_mU 1:3:5 Agmdo bmJVo. eoVmVrb _mVr narjU H$ê$ZM IVm§Mr _mÌm R>admdr bmJVo. 5.1.9 Ho$irVrb AÞÐì` H$_VaVoMr bjUo

VŠVm 5.3 : Ho$irVrb AÞÐì` H$_VaVoMr bjUo

AÞÐìò nmZmdarb bjUo BVa bjUo N ZÌ gd© d`mMr nmZo gd©Ì {ndiga hmoVmV. _w»` XoR>mda Vm§~wg PmH$ Cu H$m°na Fe bmoh S gë\$a

\$º$ H$modir nmZo {ndiQ> nm§T>ar nS>Uo _w»` era dmH$Uo, Imbr PwH$Uo Xwæ`_ eram OmS> hmoUo.

B ~moam°Z {eaoÀ`m {déÕ {XeoZo aofoÀ`m AmH$mamMo MÅ>o nS>Uo.

nmZo doS>rdmH$S>r hmoUo, nmZo AmV AnyU© dmT>Uo.

Ca H°$pëe`_

nmZmÀ`m H$S>m nm§T>aQ> {ndiga hmoUo {eam OmS> hmoUo. nmZm§À`m H$S>m AmVë`m ~mOyZo diVmV d gwH$VmV.

174

P \$m°ñ\$ag OwÝ`m nmZm§À`m H$S>m H$adVrÀ`m nmË`mà_mUo {\$H$Q> {ndù`m nS>VmV.

nmZmMo XoR> VS>H$Vo, _moS>Vo, {Ziga PmH$ òUo.

Mg _°¾o{e`_

nmZmMr era Am{U H$S>m {haì`m amhVmV na§Vw nmZmÀ`m _Ü` H$S>m nm§T>aQ> {hadQ> hmoVmV.

Om§ ir PmH$ nmZmÀ`m XoR>mda AmT>iVo.

5.1.10 AÞÐì`mÀ`m A{VaoH$mMo Xwîn[aUm_ VŠVm 5.4 : AÝZÐì`mÀ`m A{VaoH$mMo Xwîn[aUm_

AÞÐìò bjUo {XgyZ òVmV Vmo ^mJ bjUm§Mm Vnerb Mg nmZmMo XoR> {Ziga Mg nmZ nmZo {hadQ>-nm§T>ar hmoD$Z gwH$VmV.

Na, B nmZ H$S>m nm§T>aQ> {hadQ> hmoD$Z gwH$VmV. Fe, Mn nmZ H$S>m H$minQ> hmoD$Z nmZo gwH$VmV.

CI \$i Ho$ir Ja Z âUo. N \$i H$_Hw$dV KS>, KS>mVrb nmÊ`m_Üò

OmñVrMo A§Va AgUo. Cu _yi dmT> Iw§Q>Uo.

\$Q>uJoeZgmR>r IVm§Mr _mÌm : ZÌ-170 : ñ\w$aX-45 : nmbme-185 J«°_ àVr PmS> EHy$U : 218 : 65 : 272 {H$bmo EH$ar à_mU bmJdS>rMo A§Va : 6 ~m` 5 (1452 PmS>m§H$arVm)

VŠVm 5.5 : \$Q>uJoeZgmR>r IVm§À`m _mÌm§Mo à_mU

IVo XoÊ`mÀ`m doim J«oS> EHy$U IVo ({H$bmo)

XaamoO Úmd`mÀ`m _mÌm ({H$.J«°.)

amono bmJdS>rZ§Va 1 Vo 90 {Xdg

19:19:19 (gw.A.) + 13:0:46 +`w[a`m

192 93 70

2.130 1.033 0.777

75 {Xdgm§Zr gyú_ AÞÐìò _°¾o{e`_ gë\o$Q>

14.50 36.30

10 J«°_ à{V PmS> 25 J«°_ à{V PmS>

91 Vo 150 {Xdg 0.52:34 +13:0:46 +`w[a`m

59 82.5

117.5

0.983 1.376 1.958

151 Vo 300 {Xdg 13:0;46 + `w[a`m

282.5 150

1.884 1.000

{Q>n : darb IVm§À`m _mÌm _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r AmhoV. _mVr n[ajU d àË`j AZw^d `mZwgma ~Xb H$amdoV.

5.1.11 nma§nm[aH$ amgm`{ZH$ IV§mMm dmna da {Xboë`m {dÐmì` IVm§Mm dmna H$aUo AJXrM eŠ` Zgob Va ~mOmamV CnbãY

175

Agboë`m nma§nm[aH$ amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna H$aVm òD$ eHo$b. 150 J«°_ ZÌ, 60 J«°_ ñ\w$aX Am{U 200 J«°_ nmbme àVr PmS> Aer nma§nm[aH$ amgm`{ZH$ IVm§H$arVm {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho. Xa hOmar PmS>m§H$arVm Imbrb amgm`{ZH$ IVo dmnamdrV.

Vº$m 5.6 : Xa hOmar Ho$irÀ`m PmS>m§H$arVm dmnamd`mMo amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mo à_mU

H$mbmdYr J«oS> hOma IV bmJUmar EHy$U IVo

{H$bmo J«°_ amono bmJdS>rdoir IS²>S²> m_Üò Q>mH$mdr

gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> +nmoQ>°e

125 105

125 105

bmJdS>rZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m 62 62

bmJdS>rZ§Va 75 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> + gwú_ AÞÐìò +_°¾o{e`_ gë\o$Q>

62 125 25 25

62 125 25 25

bmJdS>rZ§Va 125 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m +gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>

62 125

62 125

bmJdS>rZ§Va 165 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m +nmoQ>°e

62 105

62 105

bmJdS>rZ§Va 210 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m 62 62

bmJdS>rZ§Va 255 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m + nmoQ>°e

62 105

62 105

bmJdS>rZ§Va 300 {Xdgm§Zr `w[a`m + nmoQ>°e

62 105

62 105

5.1.12 nmUr ì`dñWmnZ nmQ>nmUr nÕVrZo nmUr XoÊ`mnojm {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕVrZo Ho$ir {nH$mg nmUr XoUo A{YH$

`mo½` R>aVo. {nH$mÀ`m AdñWoZwgma nmUr XoVm oUo eŠ` hmoVo. {nHo$ dmngm AdñWoV O{_ZrVyZ hdm, nmUr d AÞÐìò KoVmV. O_rZ XaamoO dmngm AdñWoV AmUUo Ho$di {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕVr_Üò eŠ` hmoVo. O{_ZrÀ`m àVrZwgma, hdm_mZmZwgma d {nH$m§À`m AdñWoZwgma nmÊ`mÀ`m _mÌm R>admì`mV.

176

VŠVm 5.7 : Ho$ir {nH$mgmR>r nmÊ`mÀ`m _mÌm§Mo à_mU

OyZ bmJdS> (5x5 A§VamgmR>r)

Am°ŠQ>mo~a bmJdS> (5x5 A§VamgmR>r)

_{hZm nmÊ`mMr _mÌm

({bQ>g©/PmS>/{Xdg) _{hZm

nmÊ`mMr _mÌm ({bQ>g©/PmS>/{Xdg)

OyZ 5 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 4-6

Owb¡ 4 Zmoìh|~a 4

Am°JñQ> 5 {S>g|~a 4

gßQ>|~a 6 OmZodmar 5

Am°ŠQ>mo~a 8-10 \o$~«wdmar 6

Zmoìh|~a 6 _mM© 10-12

{S>g|~a 6 E{àb 12-13

OmZodmar 9 _o 12-14

\o$~«wdmar 11 OyZ 11

_mM© 16-18 Owb¡ 11

E{àb 18-20 Am°JñQ> 11

_o 20-25 gßQ>|~a 12-14

darb VŠVm Amnë`m _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r Amho. Ë`mV O{_ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma, hdm_mZmZwgma d n[apñWVrZwgma ~Xb Ho$bo OmVmV. 5.1.13 {dÐmì` IVm§À`m \$dmaUr

n{hë`m 3 Vo 4 _{hÝ`mV 19:19:19 Mr 2 Vo 3 J«°_ àVr {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. VgoM PmS>mda KS>m§Mr dmT> hmoV AgVmZm 18:44:0 AWdm _moZmo nmoQ>°{e`_ \$m°ñ\o$Q>Mr 0:52:34

EH$ Vo {XS> J«°_ àVr {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ 2 Vo 3 \$dmaÊ`m n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z H$amì`mV. 5.1.14 gyú_ AÞÐìò

_mVr n[ajU AhdmbmZwgma VgoM nmZm§da gyú_ AÞÐì`m§Mr CUrd AmT>ië`mg gyú_ AÞÐì`m§Mr ËdarV \$dmaUr H$amdr. bmJdS> H$aVmZm EH$ar 10 {H$bmo gyú_ AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna H$amdm. 5.1.15 Am§Va{nHo$

Ho$ir_Üò Am§Va{nH$ åhUyZ nmbo mÁ`m, H$m§Xm, Aer H$_r H$mbmdYrMr {nHo$ Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm \$m`Xoera AmhoV. Ho$irÀ`m Ho$irÀ`m XmoZ Amoit_Üò qH$dm OmoS>Amoi nÕVr_Üò [aH$må`m OmJr dm\o$ V`ma H$ê$Z `m {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> H$amdr.

177

5.1.16 dmam {damoYH$ Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m bmJdS>rÀ`m AJmoXa AWdm Ho$ir ~mJo modVr 2 _rQ>a A§Va gmoSy>Z eodar,

p½bgaS>r`m qH$dm JOamO JdV qH$dm VËg_ dmam {damoYH$ {nH$mÀ`m XmoZ Amoir bmdmì`mV. Ë`m_wio CÝhmù`mVrb CîU d {hdmù`mVrb W§S> dmè`mnmgyZ ~mJoMo g§ajU hmoVo. 5.1.17 AmÀN>mXZ

nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r d VUm§Mr dmT> amoIÊ`mgmR>r AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna H$amdm. `mH$arVm CgmMo nmMQ>, Ho$irMr dmibobr nmZo qH$dm ßb°pñQ>H$Mr H$mir {\$ë_ dmnamdr. 5.1.18 A§Va_emJV

Ho$ir {nH$mg doimodoir Am§Va _emJV H$ê$Z nrH$ VU{dahrV R>odmdo. _Yë`m 5 Vo 6 \y$Q>mÀ`m nQ²>Q>çmVrb _mVrMm XmoÝhr AmoitZm AmYma Úmdm. OmoS> Amoirg XmoÝhr ~mOyg nQ²>Q>çmVrb _mVr bmdyZ JmXrdm\$m V`ma H$amdm. J«°S>Z¡Z hr ~gamB©nojm C§M dmT>Umar Agë`m_wio EH$ \y$Q> C§MrMm JmXrdm\$m V`ma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. doimodoir nrb H$mnV amhmdo. {nbm§Mr dmT> hmoD$ XoD$ Zò. ImoS>dm R>odÊ`mgmR>r nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV Amë`mda XmoZ Mm§Jbo nrb R>odmdo d EH$ _{hÝ`mZo \$º$ EH$ Mm§Jbm nrbR>odmdm. PmS>m§Zm _mVrMr â bmdÊ`mnydu àË oH$ PmS>mg 1 Vo 1.5

{H$bmo Jm§Sy>i IV dmnaUo A{YH$ \$m`Xoera R>aVo. 5.1.19 Ho$irMr nmH$Ur d hmVmiUr

Ho$ir nrH$ _ybV: \$ma ZmOyH$ Amho. XaamoOÀ`m ~XbË`m hdm_mZmg AË`§V g§doXZerb à{VgmX XoUmar Ho$ir Amnë`m dmT>rÀ`m àË oH$ nmàrda `mMr Zm|X Xe©{dVo. nmD$g, nmUr, hdm_mZ, amgm`{ZH$ IVo, Z¡g{J©H$ IVo, _emJV `mVrb _yH$ ~XbmMr PmS> Zm|X KoD$Z Amnbm OrdZH«$_ AmIrV AgVo. gßQ>|~a, Am°ŠQ>mo§~aMo Vrd« D$Z, Zmoìh|~a Vo OmZodmarMr W§S>r, \o$~«wdmar _mM©Mo AmëhmXXm`H$ dmVmdaU, E{àb _o d OyZMo MT>Vo Vmn_mZ, Owb¡ Am°JñQ>Mm ânya nmD$g B. gd© hdm_mZmVyZ Ho$irMr dmQ>Mmb gwê$ amhVo. `mV doiàg§Jr Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr CXm. dmXi, Jmam§Mm VS>mIm, nmdgmMm dfm©d, A{VW§S>rMr bmQ>, CÝhmù`mV nmÊ`mMm VmU BË`mXr gd© AmnÎmrVyZ ghrgbm_V gwQy>Z Ho$ir ImoS> Amnbo ApñVËd Xe©{dVo d Ë`mdaM Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Mr Am{W©H$ KS>r Adb§~yZ AgVo. h„r A{Z`{_V drOnwadR>m `mdahr Ho$ir CËnmXZmMo ^{dVì` Adb§~yZ Amho. Hw$R>ë`mhr H$maUmZo ~mJog nmÊ`mMm VmU ~gbm åhUOo Ho$ir KS>mÀ`m dmT>rda Ë`mMm à{VHy$b n[aUm_ hmoVmo d CËnmXZ H$_mbrMo KQ>Vo. Ho$ir _mb V`ma hmoV AgVmZm ZImZo {Q>MH$s _mabr AgVm Ë`mMm YmVwgmaIm Q>U Q>U AmdmO {ZKmbm åhUOo KS> H$mnUrbm Ambm Ago g_OVmV. eoVH$è`mMr ZOa BVH$s VrúU AgVo H$s g§nyU© Ho$ir ~mJoV {\$ê$Z {H$Vr _mb H$mnUrbm {ZKob `mMm AMyH$ Am§XmO dV©{dVmo. ~mOma^mdmMm A§XmO KoD$Z CËnmXH$ Amnbm _mb {dH«$sg H$mT>Vmo.

178

5.2 Ho$irÀ`m CËnmXZmMo AW©emó H¥$fr joÌmVrb H$moUË`mhr CÚmoJmMo è ho Ë`m CÚmoJmVyZ g~§{YV eoVH$è`mbm

{_imboë`m Am{W©H$ bm^mÀ`m AmYmao _moOÊ`mV òV AgVo. gÜ`mÀ`m OJmV XoIrb joÌmMoXoIrb ì`mnmarH$aU Pmbo AgyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm hiwhiy {d{dY Am{W©H$ X~md KQ>H$m§_Yrb nañnamVrb Ioi V§ÌmMm n[aUm_ OmUdy bmJbm Amho. ì`mdgm{`H$ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ Amnë`m eoVr CÚmoJmH$S>o bj XoUo Ë`m§À`m Ñï>rZo Amdí`H$ ~Zbo Amho. eoVH$ar Omon`ªV CËnmXZmMm EHy$U IM©, H$_mdbobm {Zìdi Z\$m dm VmoQ>m ghZ H$amdm bmJbobm VmoQ>m `mgma»`m _hÎdmÀ`m ~m~tH$S>o OmUrdnyd©H$ bj nwa{dV Zmhr Vmon`ªV ho KS>Uo eŠ` Zmhr. Amnë`m eoVmdarb àËòH$ KQ>H$m§Mm eoVH$è`mZo nwaonya dmna H$ê$Z KoVbm nm{hOo.

`m gd© nmíd© w_rda `m àH$aUmV Agm Aä`mg à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho H$s, npíM_ _hmamï>mVrb nwUo {OëømV `m Ho$ir CÚmoJmÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r hmoUmam EHy$U IM© Am{U Ë`mVyZ {_iUmao CËnÞ/naVmdm `mMo {díbofU hmoD$ eHo$b. àË`j CËnmXH$ KQ>H$m§Mm dmna H$gm hmoVmo, ghZ H$amdm bmJbobm IM© Am{U naVmdm {_imbm Var {H$Vr? VgoM CnbãY KQ>H$ H$go dmnaÊ`mV Ambo, Ë`mMr H$m`©j_Vm H$m` amhrbr BË`mXr gd© Jmoï>tMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z OmUyZ KoUo hm CÔoe `m AÜ``Zm_mJo AgyZ AÜ``Z joÌmVrb Z_wZm Ho$ir~mJm§da hm à`moJ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. darb gd© n¡by Ho$ir `m {nH$mÀ`m CÚmoJmMr Z\o$Imoar ñnï> H$aÊ`mg nwaoer R>aUmar Amho. Ho$irÀ`m eoVrdarb `m CËnmXH$ KQ>H$m§Mm dmna Am{U H$m`©j_Vm Ë`m_wio g_OÊ`mg _XV hmoUma Amho. 5.2.1 Z_wZm eoVH$è`m§Mr gd©gmYmaU d¡{eîQ>ço

VŠVm 5.8 _Ü o Z_wZm eoVH$è`m§Mr gd©gmYaU d¡{eîQ>ço gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. Ë`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ Ambo H$s, Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Mr dJ©dmarZwgma g§»`m {dMmamV KoVm bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>o JQ> AZwH«$_o 82, 67, 53 Ago JQ> {XgyZ òVmV. `m_Üò Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mmhr {dMma Ho$bobm Amho. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb gamgar 6.3 Hw$Qw>§~ gXñ`, _Ü`_ JQ>mV 7.15 Hw$Qw>§~ gXñ` Va _moR>çm JQ>mV 7.82 Hw$Qw>§~ gXñ` {XgyZ òVmV. gamgar EHy$U gd© Hw$Qw>§~ gXñ`m§Mr 7.09 hr g§»`m {XgyZ òVo. gamgar O_rZrMo AmH$ma_mZ bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§_Üò AZwH«$_o nwT>rbà_mUo {XgyZ Ambo. Ë`m_Üò AZwH«$_o 1.55, 3.40, 6.19 hoŠQ>a Ago {XgyZ Ambo. `mdê$Z gd© eoVH$è`m§Mr gamgar O_rZYmaUm 3.42 hoŠQ>a EdTr Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. gamgar H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVrMo à_mU AZwH«$_o bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 0.22, 0.39, 0.80 hoŠQ>a Ago {XgVo. gd©gmYmaU gamgar gd© eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 0.41 hoŠQ>a EdT>r H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVrMo à_mU {XgyZ Ambo. Ob{g§MZmÀ`m gw{dYm CnbãY Agboë`m gamgar eoVO{_ZrMo à_mU bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV AZwH«$_o

179

1.32, 3.01, 5.39 hoŠQ>a {XgyZ Ambo. Va gamgar gd©YmaU ho à_mU gd© eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 3.24 hoŠQ>a Agë`mMo {XgVo. gamgar Ho$ir amonm§À`m ~m~VrV bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§_Üò ho à_mU AZwH«$_o 0.42, 0.82, 1.50 Ago {XgyZ Ambo.

VŠVm 5.8 : Z_wZm eoVH$è`m§Mr gd©gmYmaU d¡{eï> o

A.Z§.

Vnerb eoVH$è`m§Mr JQ>mZwgma {d^mJUr

gamgar bhmZ _Ü`_ _moR>o

1 {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m 82 67 53 67.3 2 Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 6.3 7.15 7.82 7.09 3 eoVrMo gamgar AmH$ma_mZ(hoŠQ>a) 1.55 3.40 6.19 3.71 4 H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVrMo gamgar

AmH$a_mZ(hoŠQ>a) 0.22 0.39 0.80 0.47

5 qgMZmImbrb eoVrMo gamgar AmH$ma_mZ (hoŠQ>a)

1.32 3.01 5.39 3.24

6 Ho$ir {nH$mImbrb eoVrMo gamgar AmH$ma_mZ (hoŠQ>a)

0.42 0.82 1.50 0.91

7 hoŠQ>ar amonm§Mr g§»`m 4416.32 4436.46 4439.26 4430.68 8 Ho$ir {nH$mImbrb O{_ZrMo

qgMZ joÌmMo à_mU 34.50 55.40 79.60 56.05

g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

hoŠQ>ar gdm©{YH$ OmñV Ho$ir amonm§Mr g§»`m _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§_Üò {XgyZ Ambr. (4439.26) Ë`mZ§Va bhmZ eoVH$è`m§_Üò (4436.46), _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§_Üò (4416.32) hoŠQ>ar {XgyZ Ambr. gd©gmYmaU gamgar Ho$ir amono hoŠQ>ar 4430.68 EdT>r {XgyZ Ambr. Ho$irImbrb qgMZ joÌmMo à_mU _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§_Üò gdm©{YH$ (79.60), _Ü`_ eoVH$ar (55.40) Am{U bhmZ eoVH$è`m§_Üò (34.50) hoŠQ>a EdT>o {XgyZ Ambo. gd©gmYmaU à_mU 56.05 EdT>o {XgyZ Ambo. {deofV: àH$fm©Zo bmoH${à` AgUmè`m Ho$irÀ`m OmVr_Üò lr_§Vr, ~gamB©, J«±S> Z¡Z `m {XgyZ Amë`m.

Aä`mgm§VJ©V {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr ^m§S>dbr _mb_Îmm VŠVm 5.9 _Üò {ZX}{eV H$aVmZm gd© ñVamVrb eoVH$è`m§Mr eoVO_rZ hm KQ>H$ _mb_ÎmoÀ`m Ñï>rZo OmñV n[aUm_H$maH$ à^mdr Am{U _hÎdmMm {XgyZ òVmo.

180

5.2.2 Aä`mgm§VJ©V {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr ^m§S>dbr _mb_Îmm Vº$m 5.9 AmS>do nmZ òWo

181

bhmZ eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV hm dmQ>m 94.66 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò1675892.50) _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§Mm dmQ>m 95.02 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 3070250)Va _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Mm dmQ>m 95.59

Q>ŠHo$$(énò5144500) BVH$m {XgyZ òVmo. gd©gmYmaU gd© JQ>mVrb gamgar eoVO_rZ 95.25

Q>ŠHo$$EHy$U _mb_Îmodarb {XgyZ òVo. EH§$XarV Aä`mgmdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, eoVO_rZ hm ^m§S>dbr _mb_ÎmoMm KQ>H$ eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo gdm©V à^mdr _hÎdmMm Agë`mMo {XgVo.

`mZ§Va _mb_Îmm åhUyZ gh^mJr AgUmam KQ>H$ eoVH$è`m§Mr B_maV `mMm dmQ>m bhmZ eoVH$ar 1.70 Q>ŠHo$$(30206) _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 2.02 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 65000), _moR>o eoVH$ar 1.95 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 105000) BVH$m Agë`mMo {XgVo. gd©gmYmaU B_maVrMm gamgar dmQ>m gd© eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 1.92 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 66735.33) BVH$m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. `m{edm` nmird àmUr, {dhra, nmB©nbmB©Z, n§ngoQ>, V`ma eoVO_rZ, Q>°ŠQ>a `m§Mm ^m§S>dbr _mb_ÎmoVrb dmQ>m, bhmZ eoVH$ar 3.6 Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 64223), _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 2.94 Q>ŠHo$$( énò 95689), _moR>o eoVH$ar 2.43

Q>ŠHo$$ (énò 132158) BVH$m {XgyZ Ambm. Va gd©gmYmaU gamgar gd© eoVH$è`m§Mr ^m§S>dbr _mb_Îmm dmQ>m 2.79 Q>ŠHo$$(énò 97357) BVH$m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. 5.2.3 Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm l_mMr Cn`mo{JVm nÕVr

VŠVm 5.10 _Ü o {díbofU {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma N>moQ>o eoVH$ar dJm©Vrb _mZdr l_mMm hoŠQ>ar dmna 287.47 l{_H$ {Xdg Am{U EHy$U ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg, `§Ìgm_J«rMo Vmg `m§Mm dmna 50.81$ d 18.29$ `m ì`{V[aº$ doJio {díbofU ObqgMZ dmnamdarb _Zwî` {Xdg 123.96

(43.12 Q>ŠHo$), IVo KmbUo d IVm§gmR>r 54.96 _Zwî` {Xdg, IÈ>o ImoXUo d Ë`m_Üò Ho$irÀ`m amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$aUo `mgmR>r 32.84 _Zwî` {Xdg, amZ IwanUo H$arVm 33.21 _Zwî` {Xdg VgoM VU H$mT>Uo, ñdÀN> H$aUo Am{U V`ma Pmbobr Ho$ir PmS>mdê$Z H$mnyZ KoUo `mgmR>r AZwH«$_o 12.97, 9.12, 10.24 _Zwî` {Xdg dmnaë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

N>moQ>o eoVH$ar dJm©Vrb 10.44 Vmg (57.08 Q>ŠHo$) _{eZMo Vmg eoV Zm§JaUr d O_rZ ^wg^werV H$aÊ`mgmR>r 7.85 Vmg Ë`mM~amo~a MmiUrH$arVm 33.26 Vmg, Hw$id {\$adUoH$m_r ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg (65.46 Q>ŠHo$) {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma 9.25 Vmg ~¡bOmoS>rH$arVm (18.29 Q>ŠHo$$), Zm§JaUrH$arVm 8.30 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg (16.35 Q>ŠHo$$) Cn`moJmV AmUë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

_Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z hoŠQ>ar l{_H$ {Xdg H$go dmnamV AmUbo `mMo {díbofU VŠVm 5.10 _Üò g{dñVa {Xbo Amho. N>moQ>o eoVH$ar JQ>mnojm _Ü`_ eoVH$ar JQ>mMm l{_H$ dmQ>m H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho. EHy$U 274.27 _Zwî` {XdgmMo _mZdr l_ 16.67 _{eZMo Vmg d 46.99 ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_dmnaë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

182

VŠVm 5.10 : Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>bobm Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm l_mMr Cn`mo{JVm nÕVr

A. Z§.

Vnerb EH$H$ eoVO_rZrÀ`m JQ>mZwgma dJuH$aU


1 Zm§JaUr `§ÌmMo Vmg 10.44 (57.08)

9.56 (57.35)

8.50 (55.96)

9.50 (56.82)

2 O_rZ ^wg^werV H$aUo

`§ÌmMo Vmg 7.85 (42.92)

7.11 (42.65)

6.69 (40.04)

7.22 (43.18)

EHy$U 18.29 (100%)

16.67 (100%)

15.19 (100%)

16.72 (100%)

3 Zm§JaUr ~¡bOmoS>rMo l{_H$ Vmg

8.30 (16.33)

7.75 (16.49)

6.93 (16.23)

7.66 (16.36)

4 Hw$id {\$a{dUo ~¡bmMo l{_H$ Vmg

9.25 (18.21)

8.57 (18.24)

7.63 (17.86)

8.48 (18.11)

5 O_rZ \$UUo ~¡bOmoS>rMo l{_H$ Vmg

33.26 (65.46)

30.67 (65.27)

28.15 (65.91)

30.69 (65.53)

EHy$U 50.81 (100%)

46.99 (100%)

42.71 (100%)

46.83 (100%)

6 eoV ñdÀN> H$aUo _Zwî` {Xdg 12.97 (4.51)

10.25 (3.74)

9.77 (3.73)

11.00 (4.01)

7 IÈ>o ImoXUo d amonm§Mr bmJdS>

_Zwî`{Xdg 32.84 (11.42)

33.75 (12.31)

33.96 (12.96)

33.52 (12.21)

8 IVo KmbUo _Zwî` {Xdg 6.12 (2.13)

6.02 (2.19)

5.95 (2.27)

6.03 (2.20)

9 IVo KmbUo _Zwî` {Xdg 48.84 (16.99)

45.10 (16.44)

43.18 (16.48)

45.71 (16.65)

10 eoV IwanUo _Zwî` {Xdg 33.21 (11.55)

29.71 (10.83)

24.23 (9.25)

29.06 (10.58)

11 amonm§Zm â bmdUo _Zwî` {Xdg 9.12 (3.17)

8.75 (3.19)

7.25 (2.77)

8.37 (3.05)

12 amono gm§YUo _Zwî` {Xdg 3.21 (1.12)

2.78 (1.01)

2.22 (0.85)

2.74 (1.00)

13 ObqgMZ _Zwî` {Xdg 123.96 (43.12)

123.24 (44.93)

122.77 (46.86)

123.32 (44.91)

14 Ho$ir ~mJoVrb BVa H$m_o

_Zwî` {Xdg 6.96 (2.42)

5.51 (2.01)

4.42 (1.59)

5.63 (2.05)

15 Ho$ir b§Ja H$mnUo _Zwî` {Xdg 10.24 (3.56)

9.16 (3.34)

8.23 (3.14)

9.21 (3.35)

EHy$U 287.47 (100.00)

274.27 (100.00)

261.98 (100.00)

2.74.57 (100.00)


183

_Ü`_ eoVH$ar dJm©H$Sy>Z Ho$ir {nH$mH$arVm hoŠQ>>ar ObqgMZ, IVo KmbUo, amZ IwanUo, IÈ>o KoD$Z Ho$ir amonmMr bmJdS> `mH$arVm l{_H$ dmna _moR>çm à_mUmda Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. ObqgMZ 123.24 _Zwî` {Xdg (44.93 Q>ŠHo$) {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma Ho$irbm IVo KmbUo 15.12

_Zwî` {Xdg, Ho$irgmR>r IÈ>o KoUo d IS²>S>çm§_Üò amonm§Mr bmJdS> `mH$arVm 33.75 _Zwî` {Xdg, amZ IwanUo 29.71 _Zwî` {Xdg, eoV ñdÀN> H$aUo Am{U Ho$irMr H$mnUr `mH$arVm 28.16 _Zwî` {Xdg (10.27 Q>ŠHo$) `m_Üò EHy$U `§ÌmÀ`m dmnamVrb Vmg _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV Zm§JaUrH$arVm 9.56 Vmg (57.35 Q>ŠHo$) {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma O_rZ ^wg^werV H$aÊ`mH$arVm 7.11 Vmg (42.65 Q>ŠHo$), Ho$ir eoV MmiUrH$m_r 30.67 ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg (65.27 Q>ŠHo$) `mZwgma Hw$id {\$a{dUoH$m_r 8.57 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg d Zm§JaUrgmR>r 7.75 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg dmnaë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

_moR>çm eoVH$ar JQ>mH$Sy>Z EHy$U dmnaÊ`mV Ambobo _Zwî` {Xdg VŠVm 5.10 _Üò {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma 261.98 EHy$U ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg 42.71 Q>ŠHo$ d EHy$U `§ÌmMm Vm{gH$m dmna 15.19 Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. ObqgMZmH$arVm 46.86 Q>ŠHo$$, IVo KmbÊ`mH$arVm 18.75 Q>ŠHo$, Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm IÈ>o KoUo d amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$aUoH$m_r 12.96 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U Ho$irMo eoV IwanUoH$m_r 9.25 Q>ŠHo$ `m{edm` BVa H$m_mgmR>r Ho$irMo eoV ñdÀN> R>odUo, IwanUr d H$mnUr `mH$arVm 25.25 _Zwî` {Xdg (9.64 Q>ŠHo$) EdT>r JaO Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

_moR>çm eoVH$ar JQ>mÀ`m ~m~VrV {deofV: Q>°ŠQ>aÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Zm§JaUrH$arVm 8.50

Vm{gH$m (55.96 Q>ŠHo$) O_rZ ^wg^werV H$aUoH$m_r 6.69 Vmg Q>°ŠQ>aMo Vmg (44.04 Q>ŠHo$) `mì`{V[aº$ ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_ _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV Ho$irMo eoV MmiUrÀ`m H$m_r 65.91

Q>ŠHo$ (28.15 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg) VgoM Hw$id {\$adUoH$m_r 17.86 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U ~¡bmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Zm§JaUrH$arVm 16.23 Q>ŠHo$ Aem nÕVrMo l{_H$ Vmg dmnamV AmUë`mMo bhmZ eoVH$ar, _Ü`_ d _moR>o eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV {XgyZ Ambo. `m_Üò {deofV: gdm©{YH$ OmñV l{_H$m§Mm dmna hm bhmZ eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m VwbZoV Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. gd©gmYmaU _Zwî` {Xdg dmnamMr gamgar 274.57 EdT>r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `m_Üò ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg gamgar 46.83 d Q>°ŠQ>aMo Vmg 16.72 EdT>o {XgyZ Ambo. gamgar ObqgMZmÀ`m ~m~VrV 44.91

Q>ŠHo$ ho IVo Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r Am{U Ho$ir {nH$mbm nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r dmnaë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. Ë`mM~amo~a IÈ>o KoUo, amonm§Mr bmJdS> `mH$arVm 12.21 Q>ŠHo$, eoV IwanUrgmR>r 10.58 Q>ŠHo$ `mì`{V[aº$ BVa H$m_mH$arVm eoV ñdMN> R>odUo, VU H$mT>Uo, Ho$irMo b§Ja H$mnUo `mH$arVm gamgar 28.08 _Zwî` {Xdg (10.41 Q>ŠHo$) dmnaë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

gamgar Zm§JaUrH$arVm 9.50 Q>°ŠQ>aMo Vmg (56.82 Q>ŠHo$) O_rZ ^wg^werV H$aUoH$m_r 7.22 Q>°ŠQ>aMo Vmg (43.18 Q>ŠHo$) EHy$U ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg `m_Üò Hw$id {\$adUoH$m_r 65.53

184

Q>ŠHo$ (30.69 ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg) `mn¡H$s O_rZ H$moinUrgmR>r 18.11 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U Zm§JaUrgmR>r 16.36 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>m dmna Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. 5.2.4 hoŠQ>ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm gmYZgm_J«rMm dmna

gXa _m{hVr hr ^m¡{VH$ gmYZgm_J«rÀ`m dmnamg§X^m©V AgyZ VŠVm 5.10 _Üò Z_wX Ho$bobr Amho. VŠVm 5.11 : Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m {d{dY eoVH$ar JQ>mVrb _mZdr gmYZgm_J«rMr _m{hVr

A.Z§.

Vnerb EH$H$ eoVO_rZrÀ`m AmH$ma_mZmZwgma JQ>


1 EHy$U _mZdr l_ _Zwî` {Xdg 287.47 274.27 261.98 274.57 nwê$f _Zwî` {Xdg 128.37 119.67 115.81 121.28 {ó`m _Zwî` {Xdg 159.10 154.60 146.17 153.29 2 amoO§Xmardarb

_mZdr l{_H$ _Zwî` {Xdg 186.55 206.69 221.86 205.83

nwê$f _Zwî` {Xdg 58.18 7043 85.61 71.41 {ó`m _Zwî` {Xdg 128.37 136.26 136.25 133.61

3 Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l{_H$

_Zwî` {Xdg 100.92 67.58 40.12 69.54

nwê$f _Zwî` {Xdg 70.20 49.24 30.40 49.95 {ó`m _Zwî` {Xdg 30.72 18.34 9.72 19.59 4 ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_ OmoS>r {Xdg 50.81 46.99 42.91 46.90 5 `§ÌmMo l_ Vmg 18.29 16.67 15.98 16.98 6 35.40 31.04 26.50 30.98 7 IVo Zm`Q>moOZ (ZÌ) {H$.J«°. 470.56 451.67 443.44 455.22 \$m°ñ\$ag (ñ\w$aX) {H$.J«°. 211.30 185.83 182.50 193.21 nmoQ>°e (nmbme) {H$.J«°. 215.75 214.54 223.85 218.04 8 ObqgMZ _mÌm 59.22 55.17 53.08 55.82 9 amono/H$b_ g§»`m 4416.32 4436.46 4439.26 4430.68


VŠVm 5.11 _Üò Aä`mg joÌmVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m {d{dY AmH$ma JQ>mVrb Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r Amdí`H$ KQ>H$m§Mr `mXr {Xbr AgyZ à{V hoŠQ>a_mJo `m KQ>mH§$Mm dmna hm {H$Vr Pmbm Amho `mMm A§XmO Ë`mdê$Z òVmo. hr Amdí`H$Vm KQ>H${Zhm` Imbrbà_mUo {díbo{fV Ho$br Amho.

185

_mZdr l_ VŠË`mdê$Z Amnë`m Ago bjmV òVo H$s, gamgar à{V hoŠQ>a_mJo _mZdr l_mMm dmna hm

bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV AZwH«$_o 287.47, 274.27 d 261.98 _Zwî` {Xdg BVH$s am{hbr. EHy$UM gamgar hr 274.57 _Zwî` {Xdg hmoVr.

_moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV amoO§Xmardarb _mZdr l_mÀ`m Cn wº$Vm dm dmnamMo à_mU ho _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV gdm©{YH$ (221.86 _Zwî` {Xdg) _Zwî`{Xdg Am{U H$_rV H$_r bhmZ eoVH$ar JQ>mÀ`m ~m~VrV (186.55 _Zwî` {Xdg) Hw$Qw>§~mVrb l{_H$ dmnabo. OmñVrV OmñV bhmZ eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV (100.92 _Zwî` {Xdg) H$_rV H$_r _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV 40.12 _Zwî` {Xdg dmnabo.

_Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV EHy$U _Zwî` {XdgmMr JaO 261.98 Ë`m_Üò gdm©{YH$ OmñV dmQ>m gamoO§Xmardarb l{_H$m§Mm {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`m VwbZoV Hw$Qw>§~mVrb l{_H$m§Mm dmQ>m H$_r Agë`mMo OmUdVo. ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_

EHy$U gd©gmYmaU gamgar 46.90 ~¡bOmoS>rMo {Xdg ho à{VhoŠQ>a_mJo dmnaÊ`mV oV Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. bhmZ eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>mV (50.81 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg) BVHo$ gdm©{YH$ à_mU {XgyZ Ambo. Va _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>mV ho à_mU gdm©V H$_r åhUOo 42.91 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg EdT>o {XgyZ Ambo. _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>mV ho à_mU 46.99 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg EdT>o {Xgbo. EHy$U gd©gmYmaUV: ho à_mU 46.90 ~¡bOmoS>r {Xdg EdT>o am{hbo. Va doJdoJù`m eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>mV ~¡bOmoS>r l_mÀ`m dmnamV ho eoVrMm AmH$ma Ogm dmT>V Jobm Vgo H$_r hmoV Joë`mMo AmT>ibo. `§ÌmMo l_

VŠË`m_Ü o {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma Ago {XgVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm §Ìgm_J«rÀ`m l_mÀ`m dmnamMo à_mU 16.98 Vmg d bhmZ eoVH$è`m§À`m JQ>mV 18.29 Vmg BVHo$ AmT>ibo. Va _Ü`_ AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV 16.67 Vmg Am{U _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV ho à_mU 15.98

Vmg BVHo$ AmT>ibo. eoVrYmaU joÌ Ogo dmT>V Jobo. Vgo Q>°ŠQ>aÀ`m l_VmgmMo à_mU KQ>V Joë`mMo AmT>ibo. IVo

eoUIVmMm gamgar à{VhoŠQ>a_mJrb dmna hm bhmZ AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV gdm©{YH$ (34.40 ~¡bJmS>çm) BVŠ`m _moR>çm à_mUmV AmT>ibm. Va _Ü`_ AmH$mamÀ`m JQ>mV (31.04

~¡bJmS>çm) Am{U (26.50 ~¡bJmS>çm) øm _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV dmnaÊ`mV Amë`mMo Aä`mgm§Vr {XgyZ Ambo. EHy$UM 30.98 eoUIV JmS>çm§Mo à_mU gamgar nmhVm AmT>ibo.

186

Zm`Q>moOZ, \$m°ñ\$ag Am{U nmoQ>°e `mgma»`m amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna hm EHy$U gd©gmYmaU ñVamda 455.22 {H$bmo, 193.21 {H$bmo, 218.04 {H$bmo à{VhoŠQ>ar AmT>ibm. Va bhmZ AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV 470.56 {H$bmo, 211.30 {H$bmo, 215.75 {H$bmo `mà_mUo AZwH«$_o AmT>ibm. _Ü`_ AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV 451.67 {H$bmo, 185.83 {H$bmo, 214.54 {H$bmo à{VhoŠQ>ar `mà_mUo AZwH«$_o Zm`Q´>moOZ, \$m°ñ\$ag Am{U nmoQ>°e `mgma»`m amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna AmT>iyZ Ambm. _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV hoM à_mU AZwH«$_o 443.14 {H$bmo, 182.50

{H$bmo, 223.85 {H$bmo à{VhoŠQ>ar `mà_mUo AmT>ibm. amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm gdm©{YH$ dmna bhmZ AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV OmñV Va _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV H$_r Amho. ObqgMZ

Ho$ir `m {nH$mbm nmUr XoÊ`mMo à_mU ho gmYmaUV: 52 Vo 60 doim Agë`mMo {d{dY JQ>m§Mm Aä`mg H$aVmZm AmT>ibo. EHy$U gd©gmYmaUnUo eoVH$ar ho 55.82 doim nmUr XoV Agë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo. bhmZ eoVH$ar ho (59.22), _Ü`_ (55.17), _moR>o (53.08) `m§À`m VwbZoV A{YH$ nmUr XoV Agë`mMo AmT>ibo. amono /H$b_

Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m bmJdS>rgmR>r amono hr A{Ve` _hÎdmMo CËnmXH$ KQ>H$ AmhoV. EHy$UM eoVH$è`m§À`m Ho$ir amonm§Mr g§»`m hr 4430.68 BVH$s am{hbr Amho. gd©gmYmaUnUo {d{dY AmH$mamÀ`m eoVrJQ>mV amonUmgmR>r dmnaboë`m EHy$U Ho$ir amonm§Mr g§»`m hr H$_r dm OmñV à_mUmV AmT>iVo. eoVH$è`m§À`m {d{dY JQ>m§_Üò _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr gdm©{YH$ Ho$ir amono (4439.26), Va _Ü` JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr (4436.46), Am{U bhmZ eoVH$è`m§Zr (4416.32)

dmnaë`mMo bjmV Ambo. Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r {Za{Zamù`m ~m~tda {H$Vr IM© H$amdm bmJVmo VgoM à{V hoŠQ>ar

EHy$U IM© òVmo ho VŠVm 5.12 XmI{dbo Amho. VŠVm 5.12 _Ü o Aä`mgboë`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mm Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm EHy$U IM© Am{U

à{V hoŠQ>ar IM© Xe©{dÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mm Aä`mg H$aVmZm IM© "A' IM© "~', IM© "H$' Am{U IM© "S>' Aer {d^mJUr H$ê$Z Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo. hr Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mr àM{bV nÕV AgyZ Ë`mM nÕVrMm gXaÀ`m Aä`mgmV Adb§~ Ho$bobm Amho.

EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mm EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm IM© énò 46625523.18 BVH$m hmoVm. Va à{V hoŠQ>ar EHy$U IM© énò 27507683 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. à{V hoŠQ>ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm Amboë`m EHy$U IMm©À`m {d{dY ~m~r {dMmamV KoVm Ago AmT>iVo H$s,

187

5.3 Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm à{V hoŠQ>ar IM© Vº$m 5.12 : Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm à{V hoŠQ>ar IM© AmS>dm Vº$m

188

O{_ZrMm I§S> `mda H$amdm bmJUmam EHy$U IM© gdm©{YH$ åhUOoM énò12847627.09

åhUOoM (27.55 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 75797.21 (27.55 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. `mZ§VaMr IMm©Mr Agbobr AmUIr EH$ R>iH$ ~m~ åhUOoM Ho$irÀ`m amonm§darb IM© hm EHy$U IM© énò 8582400 Va hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 50633.62 BVH$m Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. EHy$U IMm©er ho à_mU 18.40 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ Amho. Ë`mZ§Va g|{Ð` IVm§darb EHy$U IM© énò 6553600 Vm hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 38664.30 (14.05 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. amgm`{ZH$ IVm§darb EHy$U IM© énò4425600 Va hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 26109.73 åhUOoM 9.49 Q>ŠHo$ Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. VgoM ì`dñWmnZmdarb EHy$U IM© énò 4238683.91 Va hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 25006.98 åhUOoM 9.10 Q>ŠHo$ BVH$m Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mdarb EHy$U IM© énò2985894.72 Va hoŠQ>ar énò 17615.89 EdT>m (6.40 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ `mdarb EHy$U IM© énò 2529650 Va hoŠQ>ar IM© énò14924.18 åhUOoM 5.42 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>m Pmbobm AmT>iVmo.

`màH$mao EHy$U IVo, nrH$ g§ajU, amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_, Ho$irÀ`m amonm§darb IM©, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO, O_rZ _hgyb, ObqgMZ, Kgmam d `§ÌXwê$ñVrdarb IM© `mdarb EHy$U IM© hm énò 27868347.72 Va hoŠQ>ar IM© énò 164415.03 (59.77 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m hmoVm. `mMmM AW© Agm hmoVmo H$s, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `mda hmoUmam EHy$U IM© hm énò 2255650 Va hoŠQ>ar énò13307.66 (4.83 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. O{_ZrMm I§S> d ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© `m gdmªMm EH${ÌV {dMma H$aVm `m gd© ~m~tda hmoUmam IM© 90.90 Q>ŠHo$ BVH$m hmoVmo. `mMmM AW© Agm hmoVmo H$s, Cabobm 9.10 Q>ŠHo$ IM© Cd©[aV ~m~tda Ho$bobm {XgyZ òVmo. åhUOoM Cd©[aV ~m~r Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©À`m VwbZoV {dMma H$aVm H$_r _hÎdmÀ`m AJa ZJÊ` R>aVmV.

bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mm {dMma H$aVm Ago AmT>iVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Ambobm EHy$U IM© énò10760479.49 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. Va à{V hoŠQ>ar EHy$U IM© énò 311897.95 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Á`m {d{dY ~m~tda IM© H$amdm bmJbm Ë`m ~m~tdarb IMm©Mr VwbZm H$aVm gdm©{YH$ à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© énò 76025.75 EdT>m (24.37 Q>ŠHo$)O{_ZrMm I§S> `mda H$amdm bmJbobm AmT>iVmo. Ë`mImbmoImb amonm§darb IM© énò 47440.57 BVH$m (15.21 Q>ŠHo$) Ho$bobm {XgyZ òVmo. g|{Ð` IVm§darb IM© énò 42481.15 (13.62 Q>ŠHo$) Va amgm`{ZH$ IVm§darb IM© énò 36742.02 (11.78 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© énò28354.35 (9.10 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mda Ho$bobm IM© énò19942.10 (6.39 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m {XgVmo. amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ `mdarb IM©

189

énò18373.91 (5.89 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_ énò 3539.13 (1.13 Q>ŠHo$), `§Ìgm_wJ«rdarb IM© énò 3971.01 (1.27 Q>ŠHo$), ObqgMZmdarb IM© IynM H$_r énò 2191.30 (0.70 Q>ŠHo$) Va O_rZ _hgyb énò 847.82 (0.27 Q>ŠHo$), nrH$g§ajU IM© énò 6968.11 (2.23 Q>ŠHo$), Kgmam d `§ÌXwê$ñVr IM© énò 3629.15 (1.16 Q>ŠHo$) Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

pñWa ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO énò 4603.10 (1.47 Q>ŠHo$), Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_mda Ho$bobm IM© énò 16788.40 (5.28 Q>ŠHo$) EdT>m Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo.

amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_, g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo, nrH$ g§ajUmdarb IM©, O{_ZrMm I§S>, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ Am{U ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© Ë`mM~amo~a amonm§da Ho$bobm IM©, ~¡bOmoS>r d `§Ìgm_J«rgmR>r Ho$bobm IM© `m bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m R>iH$ ~m~r AgyZ Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m IMm©Mo EHy$U IMm©er à_mU 90.90 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `m R>iH$ ~m~r dJiVm BVa ~m~tdarb IMm©Mo à_mU Iyn H$_r Agë`mMo AmT>iVo. VgoM amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ Am{U Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm _mZdr l_mda H$amì`m bmJUmè`m IMm©Mo à_mU 12 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ òVo. {edm` Ago AmT>iyZ òVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar OodT>o _mZdr l_ amoO§Xmarda {_idVmV Ë`mÀ`m {Zå`mnojm A{YH$ _mZdr l_ Ë`m§Zr Hw$Qw>§~mVyZ nwa{dbobo AmT>iVmV.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mm {dMma H$aVm Ago AmT>iVo H$s, _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Ambobm EHy$U IM© énò 14223706.78 BVH$m {XgyZ òVmo. Va à{V hoŠQ>ar EHy$U IM© énò 256745.60 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Á`m {d{dY ~m~tda IM© H$amdm bmJbm Ë`m {d{dY ~m~tdarb IMm©Mr VwbZm H$aVm gdm©{YH$ åhUOoM à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© énò 75261.95 (29.31 Q>ŠHo$) hm O{_ZrÀ`m I§S>mda Ho$bobm AmT>iVmo. Ë`mImbmoImb Ho$irÀ`m amonm§darb IM© énò 49314.07

(19.20 Q>ŠHo$) BVŠ`m _moR>çm à_mUmda Pmbobm AmT>iyZ òVmo. VgoM g|{Ð` IVm§darb IM© énò 38501.80 (14.9 Q>ŠHo$) Va amgm`{ZH$ IVm§darb IM© énò 29386.28 (11.44 Q>ŠHo$) Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© hm A{YH$ Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Vmo énò 23340.50 (9.10 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mdarb IM© énò 17981.32 (7.0

Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Pmbm Amho. amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ `mdarb IM© énò15154.33 (5.90 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Amho. nrH$ g§ajUmdarb IM© énò 6057.76 (2.35 Q>ŠHo$), Kgmam d `§ÌXwê$ñVr IM© énò 2354.33 (0.91 Q>ŠHo$), O_rZ _hgyb `mdarb IM© énò 817.68 (0.31 Q>ŠHo$), ObqgMZ IM© énò 1613.71 (0.63 Q>ŠHo$), ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_ `mdrb IM© énò 3214.80 (1.25 Q>ŠHo$), `§Ìgm_wJ«rdarb IM© énò 3429.60 (1.33 Q>ŠHo$), pñWa ^m§S>dbmarb ì`mO `mda Ho$bobm IM©

190

énò 4788.98 (1.86 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m {XgyZ òVmo. VgoM Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `mdarb IM© énò13921.48 (5.42 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m {XgyZ Ambm.

amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo, amonm§darb IM©, nrH$ g§ajUmdarb IM©, O{_ZrMm I§S>, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ Am{U ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© `m ~m~r _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©À`m R>iH$ ~m~r AgyZ Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m EHy$U IMm©Mo à_mU 90.90 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ Amho. `m ~m~r dJiVm BVa ~m~tdarb Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mo à_mU IynM H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ Am{U Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `m§Mm EH${ÌV {dMma H$aVm _mZdr l_mda H$amì`m bmJUmè`m IMm©Mo à_mU 12 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ òVo. `m{edm` Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_mnojm OmñV amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ `m {R>H$mUr dmnabobo AmT>iVmV.

_moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©Mm {dMma H$aVm Ago AmT>iyZ òVo H$s, _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Ambobm EHy$U IM© énò 21641336.91

BVH$m Va à{VhoŠQ>ar EHy$U IM© énò 271876.08 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r Á`m {d{dY ~m~tda IM© H$amdm bmJbm Ë`mMr VwbZm H$aVm gdm©{YH$ à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© énò 76093.86 (27.98 Q>ŠHo$) hm O{_ZrÀ`m I§S>mda Ho$bobm AmT>iVmo. Ë`mImbmoImb Ho$irÀ`m amonm§darb IM© énò 52935.92 (19.47 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Amho. g|{Ð` IVo `mdarb IM© énò 37123.11 (13.65 Q>ŠHo$), amgm`{ZH$ IVm§darb IM© énò19221.10 (7.06 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© énò 24716.00 (9.10 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mdarb IM© énò 16353.34 (6.1 Q>ŠHo$), amoO§XmarÀ`m _mZdr l_mdarb IM© énò13268.84 (8.88 Q>ŠHo$) Ë`mM~amo~a Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `mda Ho$bobm IM© énò11371.85 (4.18 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m Pmbm. `m{edm` ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_ `mdarb IM© énò 2672.11 (0.98 Q>ŠHo$), `§Ìgm_wJ«rdarb IM© énò2964.82 (1.09 Q>ŠHo$), ObqgMZmdarb IM© énò 1276.38 (0.46 Q>ŠHo$), O_rZ _hgwbmdarb IM© énò 821.73 (0.30 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m AmT>iyZ Ambm. nrH$ g§ajUmdarb IM© énò 4081.65 (1.50 Q>ŠHo$), pñWa ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mOmdarb IM© énò 7063.12 (2.59 Q>ŠHo$) `m{edm` Kgmam d `§ÌXwê$ñVr `mdarb IM© énò 1912.18 (0.70 Q>ŠHo$) BVH$m AmT>iyZ Ambm.

amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_, g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo, Ho$ir amonm§darb IM©, nrH$ g§ajU IM©, O{_ZrMm I§S>, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb l_, ì`dñWmnZmdarb IM© `m ~m~r _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©À`m R>iH$ ~m~r AgyZ Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m EHy$U IMm©er à_mU 90.90 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ Amho. `m R>iH$ ~m~r dJiVm BVa ~m~tdarb IMm©Mo à_mU IynM H$_r Agë`mMo AmT>iVo. amoO§XmarMo _mZdr l_ d Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_

191

`m§Mm EH${ÌV {dMma H$aVm _mZdr l_mda H$amì`m bmJUmè`m IMm©Mo à_mU 9 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ òVo. _moR>çm eoVH$ar JQ>mÀ`m ~m~VrV {deofV: Hw$Qw>§~mVrb l_mnojm amoO§XmarÀ`m l_mda A{YH$ IM© Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm eoVH$ar JQ>m§Mr Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©À`m {d{dY ~m~ter VwbZm H$aVm Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm à{V hoŠQ>ar EHy$U IM© gdm©V H$_r åhUOoM énò 256745.60 hm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va Ë`mnojm A{YH$ énò271876.08 BVH$m _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm d gdm©{YH$ IM© énò 311897.95 bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobm AmT>iVmo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm hm IM© A{YH$ òÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo àm_w»`mZo EHy$U g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo, amonm§darb IM©, nrH$ g§ajU, amoO§Xmardarb _mZdr l_, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_, O{_ZrMm I§S> `mgma»`m {d{dY ~m~tda {d^mJbobm IM©, Pmbobm IM© _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§nojm OmñV hmoVm.

Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m à{V hoŠQ>ar IMm©n¡H$s amonm§darb Ho$bm Joboë`m IMm©Mo à_mU ho {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§er VwbZm H$aVm Ago AmT>iVo H$s, VwbZoZo gdm©{YH$ IM© 19.47 Q>ŠHo$ _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr d gdm©V H$_r IM© 15.21 Q>ŠHo$ bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr 19.20 Q>ŠHo$ IM© Ho$ë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m à{V hoŠQ>ar IMm©n¡H$s g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§~amo~a {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$boë`m IMm©À`m à_mUmer VwbZm H$aVm Ago AmT>iVo H$s, gdm©{YH$ VwbZoZo OmñV IM© AZwH«$_o 14.99

Q>ŠHo$, 11.44 Q>ŠHo$ hm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$ë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Va gdm©V H$_r IM© hm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z Pmbobm {XgyZ òVmo. hm IM© AZwH«$_o g|{Ð` IVm§H$arVm 13.65

Q>ŠHo$ d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§H$arVm 7.6 Q>ŠHo$ BVH$m AmT>iyZ Ambm. Va bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV g|{Ð` IVmdarb IM© 13.62 Q>ŠHo$ d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§darb IM© 11.78 Q>ŠHo$ BVH$m AmT>iyZ Ambm. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s, bhmZ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m VwbZoV _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z IVm§da Pmboë`m IMm©Mo à_mU ho A{YH$ Agë`mMo OmUdVo.

amoO§Xmardarb _mZdr l_ Am{U Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_ `m§Mm EH${ÌV {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr _mZdr l_ `m ~m~rda Ho$boë`m EHy$U IMm©Mm {dMma H$aVm gdm©{YH$ IMm©Mo à_mU _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo A{YH$ hmoVo. Va gdm©V H$_r IMm©Mo à_mU _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 5.89 Q>ŠHo$, 5.90 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U 4.88 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r _mZdr l_mda OmñV Adb§~yZ hmoVo. `mCbQ> _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar _mZdr l_mda H$_r Adb§~yZ hmoVo.

192

Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_mMm {dMma H$aVm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr `m KQ>H$mMm gdm©{YH$ dmna Ho$bobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va VwbZoZo `m KQ>H$mMm gdm©V H$_r dmna _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bobm {XgyZ òVmo. Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_mMm dmna bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr AZwH«$_o 5.38 Q>ŠHo$, 5.42 Q>ŠHo$, 4.18 Q>ŠHo$ Ho$ë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.

~¡bOmoS>rÀ`m l_mMm {dMma H$aVm `m ~m~rda gdm©{YH$ IM© _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar H$aVmZm AmT>iVmV. ~¡bOmoS>rÀ`m l_mMm {dMma H$aVm bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Mo IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 1.13 Q>ŠHo$, 1.25 Q>ŠHo$, 0.98 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òoVo. ~¡bOmoS>rdarb IMm©À`m ~amo~arZo _{eZar ^mS>çmMm dmna H$aVm R>iH$nUo Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r ~¡bOmoS>rÀ`m VwbZoV _{eZarMm dmna OmñV H$aVmV. `mM~amo~a _moR>o eoVH$ar Am{U _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _{eZarMm dmna H$aVmZm {XgyZ òVmV. bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo _{eZardarb IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 1.27 Q>ŠHo$, 1.33 Q>ŠHo$, 1.09 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo.

Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m EHy$U IMm©V amonm§darb IMm©Mo à_mU bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo AZwH«$_o 15.21 Q>ŠHo$, 19.20 Q>ŠHo$, 19.47 Q>ŠHo$ Va nrH$ g§ajUmMo à_mU 2.23 Q>ŠHo$, 2.35 Q>ŠHo$, 1.50 Q>ŠHo$ Ago {XgyZ òVo. `mM~amo~a `m EHy$U IMm©V IVm§Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o g|{Ð` IVo 13.62 Q>ŠHo$, 14.99 Q>ŠHo$, 13.65 Q>ŠHo$, Va amgm`{ZH$ IVo AZwH«$_o 11.78

Q>ŠHo$, 11.44 Q>ŠHo$, 7.6 Q>ŠHo$ Ago {XgyZ òVo. Va à{VhoŠQ>ar IMm©er VwbZm H$aVm hm IM© _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm gdm©V OmñV, Ë`mImbmoImb bhmZ JQ>mVrb d Z§Va gdm©V H$_r _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {XgyZ òVmo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo `m IMm©Mo à_mU H$_r {XgÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo BVa ~m~tdarb IMm©Mo à_mU OmñV Agë`mZo `m IMm©Mr Q> o$dmar H$_r Pmë`mMo {XgVo. ObqgMZmÀ`m IMm©Mo à_mU {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV gmaIo {XgyZ òVo. O_rZ _hgyb d BVa IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 0.27 Q>ŠHo$, 0.31 Q>ŠHo$, 0.30 Q>ŠHo$$ {XgyZ òVo. `§Ìgm_J«r d gm{hË`mdarb Kgmam `m ~m~rdarb IMm©Mo à_mU bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Mo AZwH«$_o 1.16 Q>ŠHo$, 0.91 Q>ŠHo$, 0.70 Q>ŠHo$, {XgyZ òVo, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mOmH$arVm Ho$boë`m IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 6.39 Q>ŠHo$, 7.00 Q>ŠHo$, 6.01 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `m{edm` O{_ZrMm I§S> `mdarb IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 24.37 Q>ŠHo$, 29.31 Q>ŠHo$, 27.98 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ OmñV {XgyZ òVo. `mMo H$maU åhUOo {Xdg|{Xdg O{_ZrÀ`m dmT>V OmUmè`m qH$_Vr d OmñVrV OmñV O{_ZrMm dmna eoVrgmR>r Ho$bm OmV Agë`mZo O{_ZrgmR>r {Xë`m OmUmè`m I§S>mMo à_mU ho dmT>V Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. Va pñWa ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mdarb IMm©Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 1.47 Q>ŠHo$, 1.86 Q>ŠHo$, 2.59 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. ì`dñWmnZmdarb IMm©Mo à_mU {VÝhr JQ>m§Mo gmaIo {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo IM© A Mo à_mU

193

AZwH«$_o 59.67 Q>ŠHo$, 65.36 Q>ŠHo$, 56.13 Q>ŠHo$ Va IM© ~ Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 85.52 Q>ŠHo$, 85.48 Q>ŠHo$, 86.72 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. IM© H$ Mo à_mU _mÌ {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo OdiOdi gmaIo {XgyZ òVo. 5.4 Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm à{V hoŠQ>a à{V {Šd§Q>b IM© Am{U {_iUmao à{V\$b

gXaÀ`m Aä`mgmV Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm à{V hoŠQ>a, à{V {Šd§Q>b IM© Am{U Ë`mnmgyZ {_iUmao à{V\$b XmI{dbo Amho. `m Aä`mgmV bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bobm IM© d Ë`m§Zm {_iUmao à{V\$b `m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm Amho. bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm {_iUmao à{VhoŠQ>ar {_iUmao CËnmXZ (q¹$Q>b_Üò) XmI{dbo Amho. VgoM CËnmXZmMr à{VhoŠQ>a {_imbobr qH$_V XmI{dbobr Amho. IM© A, IM© ~, IM© H$ hm IM© à{VhoŠQ>ar d à{Vq¹$Q>b XmI{dbobm Amho. IM© S> EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© XmI{dbm Amho Am{U `m àËòH$ IMm©darb Z\$m H$mT>bobm Amho. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zr Ho$bobm {dnUZmMm IM© à{VhoŠQ>ar d à{Vq¹$Q>b H$mT>bobm AgyZ EHy$U bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©V (IM© S>) {dnUZmÀ`m IMm©Mm g_mdoe Ho$ë`mg EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© {_iVmo. à{V hoŠQ>ar EHy$U CËnmXZ IM©, à{V q¹$Q>b IM© Am{U Ë`mdê$Z à{VhoŠQ>ar {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m d à{V q¹$Q>b {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m H$mT>bobm Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo Ë`mM~amo~a EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mo AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoËVa H$mT>bobo Amho. Ho$ir CËnmXZmnmgyZ {_imboë`m qH$_Vrbm EHy$U CËnÞ, Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r hmoUmè`m IMm©Zo ^m{Jbo AgVm AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma {_iVo. Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm à{V hoŠQ>a, à{V q¹$Q>b IM© Am{U {_iUmao à{V\$b VgoM AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma ho VŠVm 5.13 _Üò Xe©{dbo Amho. VgoM doJdoJù`m JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir CËnmXZmMr à{V q¹$Q>b {_imbobr EHy$U {H$§_V, EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© d {_imbobm {Zìdi Z\$m AmboI 5.2 _Üò Xe©{dbm Amho.

VŠVm 5.13 _Üò Aä`mgboë`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobm à{VhoŠQ>a d à{V q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ IM© Ë`mnmgyZ {_iUmao CËnÞ d Ë`mnmgyZ {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m Am{U AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma `mMm {dMma H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho.

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ë`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXZ 599.96 q¹$Q>b BVHo$ {_imbobo {XgyZ òVo. Va à{V hoŠQ>ar CËnm{XV Ho$boë`m {dH«$sVyZ {_imbobr qH$_V AJa EHy$U {H$§_V énò 459737.57 BVHo$ hmoVo. EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Zm òUmam à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© A énò 168861.43 BVH$m Ambm hmoVm. à{V hoŠQ>ar Amboë`m Ho$di IM© A Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mbm IM© A da {_imbobm Z\$m énò 290876.14 BVH$m hmoVm. eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© ~ énò 240675.67 Ambobm hmoVm. Ho$di IM© ~ Mm {dMma H$aVm IM© ~ da {_iUmam à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 219061.9 BVH$m hmoVm.

194

VŠVm 5.13 : Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm à{V hoŠQ>a, à{V q¹$Q>b IM© Am{U {_iUmao à{V\$b (IM© AmH$S>o én`m_Üò)

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Vnerb bhmZ eoVH$ar _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _moR>o eoVH$ar EHy$U eoVH$ar

à{V hoŠQ>a à{V q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a à{V q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a à{V q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a à{V q¹$Q>b

1 CËnmXZ (q¹$Q>b_Üò)

611.05 1.00 600.1 1.00 588.03 1.00 599.96 1.00

2 {_imbobr qH$_V (é.)

461241.42 754.83 456477.74 760.66 461493.56 784.81 459737.57 766.76

3 IM© A 186127.33 304.60 167825.73 279.66 152631.23 259.56 168861.43 281.45

4 A IMm©darb Z\$m

275114.09 450.23 288652.01 481.00 308862.33 525.24 290876.14 484.82

5 IM© ~ 266755.19 437.28 219483.61 365.74 235788.22 400.97 240675.67 401.15

6 ~ IMm©darb Z\$m

194486.23 217.55 236994.13 394.92 225705.34 283.83 219061.9 365.12

7 IM© H$ 283543.59 464.09 233405.09 388.94 247160.08 420.31 254702.92 425.53

8 H$ IMm©darb Z\$m

177697.83 290.80 223072.65 371.72 214333.48 364.49 205034.65 341.74

9 IM© S> 211897.95 510.42 256745.60 427.83 271876.08 462.35 280173.21 466.98

11 S>. IMm©damrb Z\$m

149343.47 244.40 199732.14 332.83 189617.48 322.46 179564.36 299.29

12 {dnUZ IM© 16982.60 27.77 17648.01 29.40 26483.66 45.03 20371.42 33.95

13 EHy$U CËnmXZ IM©

328880.55 538.22 274393.61 457.24 298359.74 507.38 300544.63 500.94

14 {Zìdi Z\$m 132360.87 216.61 182084.13 303.42 163133.82 277.42 159192.94 265.33

15 AmXmZ-àXmZ JwUmoÎma

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g§X © : joÌr` nmhUrŸ

195

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`m eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© H$ énò 254702.92 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm Am{U IM© H$ da {_iUmam à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 205034.65 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm CX² dbobm IM© S> énò 280173.21 BVH$m hmoVm. Am{U IM© S> da {_imbobm à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 179564.36

BVH$m hmoVm. `màH$mao IM© A, IM© ~, IM© H$ d IM© S> `m àË oH$mMm ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma Ho$bm Var à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg Z\$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. na§Vw Ho$ir CËnmXZ à{H«$òV Ho$ir bmJdS> IMm©~amo~aM {dnUZ IMm©Mmhr g_mdoe H$amdm bmJVmo. Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©V (IM© S>) {dnUZ IMm©Mm g_mdoe Ho$ë`mg Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© {_iVmo. EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm {dnUZ IM© énò 20371.42 BVH$m hmoVm. IM© S> Am{U {dnUZ IM© EH${ÌV Ho$bo AgVm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 300544.63 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobo EHy$U CËnÞ én o459737.57 Am{U à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm EHy$U IM© énò 300544.63 `mMm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m énò 159192.94 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mo AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma 1:53 BVHo$ òVo. åhUyZ Ago åhUVm òVo H$s, EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir CËnmXZ H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aV hmoVo Ago {XgyZ òVo.

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197

R>aob. EHy$U Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobo CËnÞ énò 766.76 BVHo$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Ambobm à{Vq¹$Q>b IM© A énò 281.45 hmoVm. åhUyZ à{V{¹$§Q>b Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV IM© A da Ë`m§Zm {_iUmam Z\$m énò 484.82 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm à{V q¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r IM© ~ énò 401.15 Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm IM© ~ da {_iUmam Z\$m énò 365.12 {_iV hmoVm. VgoM à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r IM© H$ énò 425.53 Ambobm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio IM© H$ Mm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_iUmam Z\$m énò 341.74 {_iV hmoVm. IM© S> åhUOoM EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZm~m~V én o 466.98 Ambobm hmoVm. IM© S Mm {dMma H$aVm `m IMm©da énò 299.29 Z\$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmÀ`m òUmè`m IM© S> _Üò {dnUZ IMm©Mm g_mdoe Ho$ë`mg Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© {_iVmo. à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir {dnUZ IM© énò 33.95 Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ à{Vq¹$Q>b EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 500.93 (IM© S> énò466.98+{dnUZ IM© énò 33.95) Ambm hmoVm. à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobo énò 766.76 EHy$U CËnÞ Am{U énò 500.94 hm CX² dbobm EHy$U IM© `mMm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobm {Zìdi Z\$m énò 265.33 BVH$m hmoVm. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm Ho$irMr bmJdS> H$ê$Z eoVr H$aUo {H$\$m`Vera R>aVo Ago {XgyZ òVo.

bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ë`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXZ 611.5 q¹$Q>b BVHo$ {_imbobo {XgyZ òVo. Va à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irÀ`m CËnmXZmVyZ {_imbobr qH$_V 461241.42

BVH$s hmoVr. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm IM© A à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 186127.33 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. IM© A darb Z\$m à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 275114.09 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. eoVH$è`m§Mm à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© ~ énò.266755.19 BVH$m {XgyZ òVmo. Va IM© ~ darb {_imbobm Z\$m énò194486.23 EdT>m {XgyZ òVmo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm IM© H$ à{VhoŠQ>ar énò283543.59 EdT>m Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va IM© H$ darb à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 177697.83

BVH$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. VgoM IM© S> à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 211897.95 {XgyZ òVmo. Va IM© S> darb à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 149343.47 EdT>m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. åhUOoM IM© A, IM© ~, IM© H Am{U IM© S> `m àË oH$ IMm©da à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg Z\$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo.

bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm {dnUZ IM© énò 16982.60 BVH$m hmoVm. Va EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 328880.55 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobr EHy$U qH$_V AJa CËnÞ (énò 461241.42) Am{U à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© (énò 328880.55) `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m énò 132360.87 BVH$m hmoVm. Ë`mMà_mUo bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma 1:40 BVHo$ òVo. `mdê$Z Ago åhUVm oVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo Ho$ir CËnmXZ

198

H$aUo {H$\$m`Vera R>aVo Amho Ago {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar {_iUmè`m Zâ`m~m~V Oo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho VgoM

Ë`m§Zr CËnm{XV Ho$boë`m à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irnmgyZ {_iUmè`m Zâ`mVmoQ>çmMm {dMma H$aUo _hÎdmMo R>aob. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobo CËnÞ énò 754.83 BVHo$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Ambobm à{Vq¹$Q>b IM© A énò 304.60 BVH$m hmoVm. IM© A da Ë`m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b énò450.23 BVH$m Z\$m {_imbobm hmoVm. eoVH$è`m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r IM© ~ én o437.28 Ambobm hmoVm. IM© ~ darb à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m énò 217.55 BVH$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo IM© H$ à{Vq¹$Q>b én o 464.09 BVH$m Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va IM© H$ darb à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m énò 290.80 BVH$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. IM© S> åhUOoM EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© hmo . hm IM© IM© à{Vq¹$Q>b énò 510.42 BVH$m Pmbm AgyZ IM© S> darb à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m énò 244.40 BVH$m {_imë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir {dnUZ IM© énò 27.77 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 538.22 (IM© S> én o 510.42+{dnUZ IM© énò.27.77) BVH$m hmoVm. à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobr qH$_V énò 754.83 Am{U à{Vq¹$Q>b Ambobm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 538.22 `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobm {Zìdi Z\$m énò 216.61 BVH$m hmoVm. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm {dMma H$aVm bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$irMr eoVr H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aVo.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{V hoŠQ>ar 600.1 q¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZ {_imbobo AmT>iVo. CËnmXZ Ho$boë`m Ho$irÀ`m {dH«$sVyZ {_imbobr qH$_V AJa EHy$U CËnÞmV à{VhoŠQ>ar énò456477.74 BVHo$ hmoVo. _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© A énò 167825.73

BVH$m Ambm hmoVm. à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© A darb Z\$m Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm énò 288652.01 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm IM© ~ à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 219483.61 BVH$m Ambm hmoVm. IM© ~ darb Z\$m à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 236994.13 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. Ë`mMà_mUo eoVH$è`m§Zm IM© H$ à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 233405.09 BVH$m Ambm hmoVm. IM© H$ darb Z\$m à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 223072.65 BVH$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. IM© S> hm EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© AgyZ Vmo à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 256745.60 BVH$m Ambm AgyZ IM© S> darb Z\$m à{VhoŠQ>ar énò199732.14 BVH$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. IM© A, IM© ~, M© H$ Am{U IM© S> `m gdmªda Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm Z\$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. `m IMm©ì`{V[aº$ eoVH$è`m§Zm {dnUZ IM©hr H$amdm bmJVmo. hm IM© à{VhoŠQ>ar eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 17648.01 BVH$m Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. Va Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm EHy$U IM© à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 274393.61 BVH$m Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobo CËnÞ AJa qH$_V (énò 456377.74) Am{U à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir {nH$mgmR>r

199

Ambobm IM© (énò 274393.61) `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m énò 182084.13 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma 1:66 BVHo$ òVo. åhUyZ Ago åhUVm òVo H$s, _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir CËnmXZ H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aVo.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobr qH$_V (CËnÞ) énò 760.66 BVH$s hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm Ambobm à{Vq¹$Q>b IM© A énò 279.66 hmoVm. åhUyZ à[Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV IM© A da {_iUmam Z\$m énò 481.00 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r IM© ~ énò 365.74 Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm IM© ~ da {_iUmam Z\$m énò 394.92 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm IM© H$ énò 388.94 Ambobm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio IM© H$ da à{Vq¹$Q>b {_iUmam Z\$m énò 371.72 BVH$m hmoVm. IM© S> åhUOoM EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZm~m~V én o 427.83 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ IM© S> darb à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm énò 332.83 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. VgoM à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir {dnUZ IM© énò 29.40 Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 457.24 (IM© S> én o 427.83+{dnUZ IM© énò 29.40) BVH$m hmoVm. à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobo EHy$U CËnÞ énò 760.66 Am{U à{Vq¹$Q>b Ambobm EHy$U IM© énò 457.24 `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobm {Zìdi Z\$m énò 303.42 BVH$m hmoVm.`mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, à{Vq¹$Q>b H$o$ir CËnmXZmMm {dMma H$aVm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§ZmXoIrb Ho$irMr eoVr H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aVo.

_moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXZ 588.03 q¹$Q>b BVHo$ {_imbobo {XgyZ òVo. Va à{VhoŠQ>ar CËnm{XV Ho$boë`m Ho$irÀ`m {dH«$snmgyZ {_imbobr qH$_V AJa EHy$U CËnÞ én o 461493.56 BVHo$ hmoVo. `m JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Amboë`m IM© A Mm {dMma H$aVm Vmo énò 152631.23 BVH$m Ambm hmoVm. à{VhoŠQ>ar Amboë`m Ho$di IM© A Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mbm IM© A da {_imbobm Z\$m à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 308862.33 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobm IM© ~ à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 235788.22 BVH$m hmoVm. `m eoVH$è`m§Zm IM© ~ darb {_imbobm à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 225705.34 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM `m JQ>mVrb Ho$br CËnmXH$m§Zm IM© H$ à{VhoŠQ>ar énò 247160.08 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. Va IM© H$ darb à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 214333.48 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm Ambobm Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm IM© S> énò 271876.08 BVH$m hmoVm. IM© S> darb {_imbobm à{VhoŠQ>ar Z\$m énò 189617.48

BVH$m hmoVm. `màH$mao IM© A, IM© ~, IM© H$ Am{U IM© S> `m àËòH$mMm ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma Ho$bm Var à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg Z\$m {_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm {dnUZ IM© énò 26483.66 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$irMm à{VhoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ IM© énò 298359.74 BVH$m {XgyZ òVmo. à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobo EHy$U CËnÞ

200

(énò461493.56) Am{U à{VhoŠQ>ar Ambobm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© (énò 298359.74) `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$mg {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m énò 163133.82 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM _moR>çm JQ>mVrb Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Mo Ho$irMo AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma 1:54 BVHo$ hmoVo. åhUyZ Ago åhUVm òVo H$s, _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$ir CËnmXZ H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aV hmoVo.

_moR>çm JQ>mVrb Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm {_imbobr qH$_V AJa CËnÞ én o 784.81 BVHo$ hmoVo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobm IM© A énò 259.56 BVH$m hmoVm. åhUyZ à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV IM© A darb Ë`m§Zm {_iUmam Z\$m énò 525.24 BVH$m hmoVm. Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r IM© ~ énò 400.97 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm IM© ~ darb {_iUmam Z\$m énò 283.83 BVH$m hmoVm. VgoM à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm IM© H$ énò 420.31 BVH$m hmoVm. Ë`m_wio IM© H$ Mm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_iUmam Z\$m énò364.49 BVH$m hmoVm. IM© S> åhUOoM EHy$U bmJdS>rMm IM© à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZm~m~V énò462.35 BVH$m Ambobm hmoVm. IM© S> Mm {dMma H$aVm Ho$ir CËnmXH$m§Zm `m IMm©da à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m énò 322.46 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir {dnUZ IM© énò 45.03 Ambobm hmoVm. åhUyZ à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© énò 507.38 (IM© S> én o 462.35+{dnUZ IM© énò 45.03) BVH$m hmoVm. à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobo énò 784.81 EHy$U CËnÞ Am{U én o 507.38 hm Ambobm EHy$U IM© `mMm {dMma H$aVm à{Vq¹$Q>b {_imbobm {Zìdi Z\$m énò 277.42 BVH$m {_imbm hmoVm. `mdê$Z ñnï> hmoVo H$s, à{Vq¹$Q>b Ho$ir CËnmXZmMm {dMma H$aVm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$irMr eoVr H$aUo \$m`Xoera R>aVo Ago {XgVo.

bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$ir CËnmXZmgmR>r Ho$boë`m IMm©Mr d {_iUmè`m à{V\$bmMr VwbZm H$aVm Ago {XgVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar gdm©V OmñV Ho$irMo CËnmXZ (611.05 q¹$Q>b) {_imbo hmoVo. Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm (600.1 q¹$Q>b) {_imbo hmoVo. Va gdm©V H$_r CËnmXZ _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm (599.96 q¹$Q>b) {_imbobo {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm CËnmXZ OmñV {_iÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr Ho$irÀ`m OmñVrV OmñV CËnmXZmda â {Xbm. na§Vw JwUdÎmoH$S>o \$mago bj {Xbo Zmhr. `mD$bQ> _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$irMr {dH«$r amÁ`m~mhoaÀ`m d Xoem~mhoaÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV H$aÊ`mda â {Xbm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Ho$irÀ`m CËnmXZmV JwUdÎmoda A{YH$ â {Xbm. CXm. `mo½` AmH$mamÀ`m d {d{dY àH$maÀ`m amoJmg à{VH$ma H$aUmè`m Ho$ir {Z_m©U H$aUo d R>am{dH$ dOZmÀ`mM Ho$ir V`ma H$aUo `mda â {Xbm.

Ho$ir CËnmXZmnmgyZ à{VhoŠQ>ar {_imbobr qH$_V gdm©V OmñV _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Zm énò461493.56, Ë`mImbmoImb bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 461241.42 Va gdm©V H$_r

201

CËnÞ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 456477.74 {_imë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z ñnï> hmoVo H$s, _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobo CËnmXZ H$_r AgyZhr CËnÞ BVam§nojm OmñV Amho. Ago H$m KS>Vo Agm àíZ nS>Vmo. `mMo CÎma emoYÊ`mH$arVm `m {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$irnmgyZ {_imbobr à{Vq¹$Q>b qH$_V (Xa) {dMmamV ¿`mdr bmJVo. gdm©V OmñV à{Vq¹$Q>b Xa _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 784.81 Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 760.66 Va gdm©V H$_r Xa bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 754.27

{_imë`mMo {XgyZ òVmo. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï>> hmoVo H$s, _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo CËnmXZ H$_r AgyZhr Ë`m§Zm {_imbobm Xa A{YH$ Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mo CËnÞ bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm A{YH$ Agë`mMo {XgVo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm A{YH$ Xa {_iÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr amÁ`m~mhoaÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV A{YH$ Ho$bobr {dH«$s d Ë`mVrb H$mhr eoVH$è`m§Zr Xoem~mhoaÀ`mhr ~mOmanoR>oV {dH«$s Ho$br. {edm` Ë`m§Zr CËnm{XV Ho$bobr Ho$ir Cƒ àVrMr Agë`mZo BVam§nojm A{YH$ Xa {_imë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm {_imbobm à{Vq¹$Q>b Xa hm bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm A{YH$ AgyZhr à{VhoŠQ>ar {_imbobr qH$_V AJa CËnÝZ _mÌ H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `mMo H$maU åhUOo _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm à{VhoŠQ>ar A{YH$ {_imbobo Ho$irMo CËnmXZ hmo .

à{VhoŠQ>ar IM© A, IM© ~, IM© H$ Am{U IM© S> Mm ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma Ho$ë`mg Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, àË oH$ àH$maMm IM© gdm©V OmñV bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm, Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm Va gdm©V H$_r IM© _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {XgyZ òVmo. `mD$bQ> àË oH$ IMm©darb Zâ`mMm {dMma H$aVm (IM© ~ da bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm A{YH$ Z\$m hm AndmX Amho) bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm A{YH$ Va _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm A{YH$ Z\$m {_imë`mMm {XgyZ òVmo.

IM© S> hm Ho$ir bmJdS>rMm EHy$U IM© hmo . hm gdm©V OmñV _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm (énò 271876.08) Ambobm AgyZ Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm (énò 256745.60) Va gdm©V H$_r IM© bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm (énò 211897.95) Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm hm IM© OmñV òÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr CVrg§d{Y©V amono VgoM g|{Ð` IVo, nrH$g§ajU, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mZdr l_, ~¡bOmoS>rMo l_, amoO§Xmardarb IM©, O{_ZrMm I§S>, Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `m ~m~tda _Ü`_ d bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm A{YH$ Ho$bobm IM© hmo . `m_wioM IM© S> darb à{VhoŠQ>ar d à{Vq¹$Q>b Z\$m _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm _Ü`_ d bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm H$_r {_imë`mMm {XgyZ òVmo. Ho$irMm à{VhoŠQ>ar {dnUZ IM© gdm©V OmñV _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 26483.66

202

Ambobm AgyZ Ë`mImbmoImb _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 17648.01 Va gdm©V H$_r IM© bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 16982.60 Ambobm {XgyZ òVmo. à{Vq¹$Q>b IM©hr AgmM {XgyZ òVmo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm _moR> m JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm à{VhoŠQ>ar {dnUZ IM© ~amM A{YH$ Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. bhmZ d _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {dnUZ IM© A{YH$ òÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr amÁ`m~mhoaÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV Ho$irMr Ho$bobr A{YH$ {dH«$s d Xoem~mhoaÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV Ho$bobr {dH«$s hmo .

Ho$irMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© (Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m Am{U {dnUZ IMm©Mr ~oarO) à{VhoŠQ>ar gdm©V OmñV bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mr énò 328880.55 Ë`mImbmoImb _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm énò 298359.74 Va gdm©V H$_r IM© _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm énò274393.61 {XgyZ òVmo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© OmñV oÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§da d Mmby ^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO `mda Ho$bobm A{YH$ IM© Va _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© A{YH$ òÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo Ë`m§Zr Ho$irÀ`m CVrg§d{Y©V amonm§da d {dnUZmda Ho$bobm A{YH$ IM© hmo . Ho$ir CËnmXZmnmgyZ {_imbobm à{VhoŠQ>ar {Zìdi Zâ`mMm {dMma H$aVm gdm©{YH$ Z\$m _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 182084.13, Ë`mImbmoImb _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 163133.82 Va gdm©V H$_r {Zìdi Z\$m bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm énò 132360.87

{_imbobm {XgyZ òVmo. à{Vq¹$Q>b {Zìdi Zâ`m~m~V AgoM {MÌ {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, _moR>çm Am{U _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm bhmZ JQ>mVrb

eoVH$è`m§Zm Ho$irMm òUmam EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© OmñV Amho. Ë`m_mZmZo _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo {Zìdi CËnÞ ho A{YH$ Agë`mMo {XgVo. `mMo _w»` H$maU åhUOo _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr H$ënH$VoZo Ho$bobm ~mOmanoR>m§Mm {dMma. Ë`mM~amo~a WoQ> KmD$H$ ì`mnmar d {H$aH$moi ì`mnmar `m§À`m~amo~a {Z_m©U Ho$bobo g§~§Y `mMm EH§$XarV \$m`Xm `m JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Pmë`mMm {XgyZ òVmo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr {dnUZmda A{YH$ IM© Ho$ë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. nU Ë`m§Zm Ano{jV qH$_V {_idyZ XoUmè`m ~mOmanoR>oV _mb nmR>{dVm Ambm Zmhr. `mMm EH§$XarV n[aUm_ CËnÞmda Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. åhUyZ CËnmXZ IMm©Vrb dmT> {dMmamV KoVm {_iUmam {Zìdi Z\$m hm H$mhr à_mUmV _Ü`_ eoVH$è`m§er VwbZm H$aVm H$_r Agë`mMo OmUdVo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$ir CËnmXZm~amo~aM Ho$irMr JwUdÎmm dmT>{dUo d {Q>H${dUo VgoM ñWm{ZH$ {dH«$rnojm amï>r` d Am§VaamîQ>r` ~mOmanoR>oV Ho$ir nmR>dyZ Ho$irÀ`m A{YH$ {H$§_VrMm bm^ CR>dUo `m ~m~tda A{YH$ bj Ho$§{ÐV Ho$ë`mg åhUOoM àm_w»`mZo {dnUZmda nwaogo bj {Xë`mg A{YH$ Z\$m {_i{dUo ghO eŠ` hmoVo. Ho$ir CËnmXZ OmñV {H$\$m`Vera R>aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo `m Jmoï>r _hÎdmÀ`m {XgyZ òVmV. AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎmamdê$Z Ago

203

{XgyZ òVo H$s, bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~V à{VhoŠQ>ar Am{U à{Vq¹$Q>b AmXmZ àXmZ JwUmoÎma ho EH$nojm A{YH$ Amho. `mdê$Z Ago AZw_mZ H$mT>Vm òVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUo ho {VÝhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm {H$\$m`Vera R>aVo Ago {XgyZ òVo. 5.5 Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m g_ñ`m

Ho$ir bmJdS> hr emór` nÕVrZo Ho$br OmVo. bmJdS>rnmgyZ Vo CËnmXZ KoB©n`ªV eoVH$è`m§Zm AZoH$ g_ñ`m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. gXaÀ`m Aä`mgmV Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Á`m _hÎdmÀ`m g_ñ`m {XgyZ Amë`m Ë`mV àm_w»`mZo nmÊ`mMr Q>§MmB©, gVV dmT>Umè`m amgm`{ZH$ d O¡{dH$ IVm§À`m qH$_Vr, {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§À`m qH$_Vr, gmVË`mZo hdm_mZmV hmoUmao ~Xb, H$Yr H$S>mŠ`mMr W§S>r Va Vmn_mZmV EH$X_ hmoUmar dmT>, AmH$mbr JmanrQ>, Ho$itdarb amoJ, ~±H$m§Mm dmT>Vm ì`mOmMm Xa, _Owam§Mr Q>§MmB© øm hmoV. Ho$ir bmJdS>r~m~V eoVH$è`m§Zm Á`m _hÎdmÀ`m g_ñ`m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo Ë`m g_ñ`m VŠVm 5.14 _Üò XmI{dë`m AmhoV.

VŠVm 5.14 : Ho$ir bmJdS>r~m~V eoVH$è`m§Zm òUmè`m g_ñ`m

A. Z§.

JQ> gVV dmT>Umè`m nrH$g§ajU d

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nmÊ`mMr g_ñ`m

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1 bhmZ eoVH$ar

72 (35.64)

78 (38.61)

62 (30.69)

46 (22.77)

76 (37.62)

48 (23.76)

39 (19.31)

2 _Ü`_ eoVH$ar

58 (28.71)

65 (32.18)

55 (27.23)

32 (15.84)

66 (32.67)

44 (21.78)

25 (12.38)

3 _moR>o eoVH$ar 41 (20.30)

50 (24.75)

44 (21.78)

10 (4.95)

51 (25.25)

47 (23.27)

07 (3.46)

4 g_ñ`m AgUmao EHy$U eoVH$ar

171 (84.65)

193 (95.54)

161 (79.70)

88 (43.56)

193 (95.54)

139 (68.81)

71 (35.15)

5

{ZX}©{eV g_ñ`m ZgUmao eoVH$ar

31 (15.35)

09 (4.46)

41 (20.30)

114 (56.44)

09 (4.46)

63 (31.19)

131 (64.85)

6 EHy$U eoVH$ar

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

202 (100.00)

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U eoVH$è`m§er eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 5.14 _Ü o Ho$irdarb dmT>Vo amoJ, H$S>mŠ`mMr W§S>r d AmH$mbr JmanrQ> hr g_ñ`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 193 eoVH$è`m§Mr (95.54 Q>ŠHo$) _hÎdmMr Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. AH$mbr Jma{nQ>r_wio Mmby dfu (2012)_Üò Ho$irÀ`m ~mJm§Mo g§nyU©nUo ZwH$gmZ Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo d Ë`mMr YmñVr eoVH$è`m§Mr KoVë`mMo [XgyZ Ambo. VgoM H$S>mŠ`mÀ`m W§S>r_wio d Vmn_mZmVrb dmT>r_wio amoJm§Mo à_mU dmT>Vo. Ho$irÀ`m KS>m§da Ë`mMm n[aUm_ hmoVmo. Ho$ir H$_r òVmV.

204

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205

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Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m BVa g_ñ`m§H$S>ogwÕm Xwb©j H$ê$Z MmbUma Zmhr. Ë`mhr _hÎdmÀ`m AmhoV. EHy$U eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 35.15 Q> o$ eoVH$è`m§À`m BVahr g_ñ`m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. ~mOmamV ~ZmdQ> {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ {_iUo, g|{Ð` IVm§Mr Q>§MmB©, amgm`{ZH$ IVo doioda Z {_iUo, Ë`m§À`m dmT>Umè`m qH$_Vr, H$mhr eoVH$è`m§Zr eoOmaÀ`m amÁ`mVyZgwÕm g|{Ð` IVo AmUë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. Aem AZoH$ g_ñ`m Ho$ir {nH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV AmT>iyZ Amë`m.

180

5.2.2 Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr ^m§S>dbr _mb_Îmm VŠVm 5.9 : Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr _mb_Îmm

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g§X^© : joÌr` nmhUr

187

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188

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