CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Copyright © Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.
Published byConstruction Industry Development Board Malaysia
All enquiries regarding this document should be forwarded to:
Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) MalaysiaSustainable Construction DivisionLevel 34, Menara Dato’ OnnPusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC) No. 45, Jalan Tun Ismail50480, Kuala Lumpur.
Tel : 03 - 4047 7344Fax : 03 - 4047 7040Website : www.cidb.gov.my
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Acknowledgement
The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability
Tool, or simply MyCREST, reflects the wisdom and efforts of various
individuals and their organizations. MyCREST began through a series of
meetings and workshops with the willing participation of all
contributors. The system was created in phases which involved close
examination and was finally compiled into several distinct categories
to facilitate public usability.
MyCREST was created through the joint knowledge and expertise of
members of government agencies, public as well as private institutions,
corporations and companies, namely Kementerian Kerja Raya
Malaysia (KKR), Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR) and Construction
Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB). The creation of
MyCREST was only made possible with the invaluable contribution of
the individuals below.
TASK FORCE COMMITTEE
Ir Ahmad ‘Asri Abdul Hamid CIDB Malaysia
Hj Sazali Che Mat CIDB Malaysia
Cik Emasria bt Ismail CIDB Malaysia
Encik Ramlan Bidin CIDB Malaysia
Ir Noraini Bahri CIDB Malaysia
Encik Murali Jayabalan Kementerian Kerja Raya
Malaysia (KKR)
Encik Mohd Fadhil Razmi Kementerian Kerja Raya
Malaysia (KKR)
Encik Kasman Genda Kementerian Kerja Raya
Malaysia (KKR)
Dato’ Ir. Dr. Roslan bin Md. Taha Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
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Hj. Jalaludin Ahmad Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Dr. Ir. Abdul Murad Zainal Abidin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Ir. Abu Harith Hj Shamsuddin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Pn Farah bt Abdul Samad Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Encik Hamizan Husain Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Ir. Ismail Abd Rahman Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Ir. Rozina bt Sudin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Dr Nor Sharene Mohd Ibrahim Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Pn. Salina bt Sein Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Ir. Nasir Abdul Hamid Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Cik Rosnida Mohd Yusof Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Ir. Mohd Zaini Abu Hassan Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Pn. Syaifatul Afzan Khalip Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
(JKR)
Mr. Steve Anthony Lojuntin Sustainable Energy
Development Authority
Malaysia (SEDA)
Mr. S Ramesh V Subramaniam IJM Corporation Berhad
Institute of Engineers Malaysia
(IEM)
Ir. Chong Chew Fan Building Sector Energy Efficiency
Project (BSEEP), Environment
and Energy Branch, JKR
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ADVISORY GROUP
Design and Construction
Dr. Puteri Shireen Jahn Kassim International Islamic University
Malaysia.
Encik Mohamad Zainuddin
Hussien
Industry member
Encik Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad
Fuad
CIDB Malaysia
Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar
Mohamad Fauzi
International Islamic University
Malaysia
Pn. Basyirah Riduan EAG Consulting Sdn Bhd
Construction and Operations &
Maintenance
Ir. Wan Mohd Yusoff Wan
Othman
EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.
Encik Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun
Hashim
International Islamic University
Malaysia.
External Reviewers
Prof Dato’ Dr. Mansor b. Ibrahim International Islamic University
Malaysia
Prof. Dr, Andrew Miller School of Environment,
University of Brighton, UK
Dr. Kenneth Ip School of Environment,
University of Brighton, UK
Academic consultants
Prof Madya. Ir Zulkifli Othman
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Dr. Rashidi Othman International Islamic University
Malaysia
Dr. Zuraini Denan International Islamic University
Malaysia
Dr. Yousif Abdalla Abakr University of Nottingham
Malaysia
Graphic and Layout Design
Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar Mohamad Fauzi
Syed Huzaifah Syed Omar
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Preface : Why Integrate Carbon Reduction
and Sustainability Indicators?
Recent developments in climate change have made it more urgent
for nations, organisations and communities to shift the gear of
sustainability from idealism to concrete action. This is in general, due
to the need to establish a direct response to the climate change
spectre, which has inadvertently moved from an idle threat to a
global phenomenon. Climate change – a global problem requiring
action on a global scale - has the capacity to offset all of past
economic achievements and reduce nations’ socio-economic
conditions. Humanity may be faced with a downgrading of our
standards of living and economic progress, or even a disaster in the
era of future generations. There are increasing signs of the debilitating
threat of global warming and the uncertainty over long-term energy
supplies.
Buildings consume approximately 50% of electricity produced in the
world. As a result, buildings‒whether commercial, institutional and
residential‒are responsible for approximately 30% of greenhouse gas
emissions in the world. The majority of emissions come from burning
fossil fuels to operate the buildings, while others come from
manufacturing of materials as well as operations and long-term
maintenance.
The established green and sustainable building rating systems around
the world have found that there is a need to improved sustainable
building assessment methods based on verification of performance
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and assessing the buildings based on data collected on performance
in use and in current buildings.
The primary objective of MyCREST is to create the Malaysian Carbon
Reduction and Environmental Sustainable Tool (MyCREST) based on a
performance-based objective, to emphasise the role of operations
and create a tool that can quantify the resultant impact on the
environment including carbon emission within the built environment.
Because carbon emission is not the only index or metrics of
sustainability, the assessment systems also intend to address a more
holistic and net benefits of the socio-economic aspects of
sustainability.
The development of MyCREST should be seen in the light of the need
for performance-based standards in addressing green building design,
construction and operations in order to provide a framework linking
sustainability indicators to carbon emission criteria. This serves not only
to mitigate climate change, but to balance these concerns with the
more holistic concerns and goals of sustainable development.
MyCREST is founded on the principle that a model standard must
address building performance beyond those captured by the current
rating systems or other evaluation guides.
Therefore, it has the capacity to measure, monitor and quantify while
at the same time being useable and adoptable in order to be
effective within the construction industry.
The main thrust of MyCREST is that economic growth should be spurred
in ways that minimise environmental impacts of the built environment.
The current unparalleled carbon emission increase, when combined
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with business-as-usual practices can potentially lock buildings,
developments and organisations into a vicious cycle that brings
towards a level of unsustainability. The world, in general, and Malaysia,
in particular, must take stock and make significant changes to its
policies, practices, and standards if this cycle is to be broken. Without
emissions reduction and conservation policies, Malaysia is unlikely to
meet its emission reduction targets.
To fight the global phenomenon that is climate change, two major
agreements have been adopted by the international community,
the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
adopted in 1992 in Rio, and the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997. In
contrast to the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol sets quantified and
binding commitments to limiting or reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions of anthropogenic origin for countries that are developed or
in the transition process towards a market economy, for the 2008 -
2012 commitment periods. These countries are also referred to as
Annex I parties. The developing countries do not have any legally
binding targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The countries without any
targets are also referred to as non-Annex I parties. Malaysia is a non-
Annex I parties.
The Prime Minster of Malaysia Dato Seri Najib Razak delivered
Malaysia’s stand to reduce its carbon dioxide emission to 40 % by the
year 2020 compared to 2005 levels subject to assistance from
developed countries during the United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP15) in 2009 at Copenhagen. United Nations data
shows Malaysia's carbon emissions in 2006 stood at 187 million tonnes
or 7.2 tonnes from each Malaysian.
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The building sector has been highlighted by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the sector with the largest
mitigation potential. It is estimated that both new and existing
buildings sectors have the potential to reduce energy consumption
and carbon emission to a significant level utilising current technologies,
equipment, management systems and solutions. Electricity remains
the main source of energy consumed by Malaysian buildings. Its
growth and trends of consumption are higher in the building sector
than other sectors. Electricity is also the single largest GHG emission
source in Malaysia, representing about 43% of total emissions annually.
From 2000 to 2010, total energy demand of the commercial and
residential sector grew by approximately 80% to 52 % respectively.
Without any action, the building’s sector energy use is forecast to grow
by 60% to 90% between 2005 to 2050. Without investing into more
energy efficient buildings, construction practices and low carbon
impact technologies and practices in new and existing buildings and
developments, there will inevitably be a carbon ‘lock-in’ effect.
Hence, the building sector represents one of the most critical sectors
with a significant potential to mitigate carbon emission and
implement strategies to achieve the carbon reduction goals. By
creating efficient energy and transport systems and implementing
best practices in building design, construction and maintenance,
everyone will share the benefits of increased prosperity in a clean and
safe environment.
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Introduction: What is MyCREST?
MyCREST, or the Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental
Sustainability Tool, aims to guide, assist, quantify, hence reduce, the
built environment’s impact in terms of reduced carbon emissions and
environmental impact, while taking into account a more holistic life-
cycle view of the built environment. It also aims to integrate socio-
economic considerations relating to the built environment and urban
development.
Aims of MyCREST
1. To integrate carbon assessment criteria and reduction
strategies into the matrix of sustainability resulting in a
combined sustainable assessment rating system for the built
environment;
2. To provide a quantifiable carbon assessment within a holistic
sustainable rating system by integrating and extending the
present criteria into life cycle–linked performances and
parameters;
3. To extend the present green building assessment into life-cycle
impacts and its quantification.
4. To combine both carbon emission and sustainable
performance factors into a combined criterion linked to the
design, construction, commissioning and operations of
buildings.
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5. To be in line with the aims of Low Carbon City Framework
(LCCF )by Ministry of Energy, Green technology, and Water
(KeTTHA).
Objectives of MyCREST
1. To quantify the environmental impacts of the built environment
in both carbon reduction and sustainable impact terms.
2. To ensure the best environmental practice according to global
and local standards and targets.
3. To maintain and improve a database of impacts and best
practice case studies to reduce carbon emissions in design and
life-cycle impacts.
4. To raise awareness of the life-cycle impacts of the built
environment and its components.
5. To balance robustness with ‘durability’ and practicality and
ease of use.
6. To produce a tool flexible enough to be used by all
stakeholders, consultants and contractors and for all building
types and scenarios.
7. To balance long and short term targets.
8. To balance environmental and ‘human’ socio–economic
issues.
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Key Definitions
As a working definition list in MyCREST, there are selected definitions,
which are outlined as follows:
1. Certification Phase
This refers to the three certification awards, which have their
own scorecards based on the three main phases of project
going for MyCREST certification;
2. Criteria
This refers to the ‘category’ or ‘group’ of points and based on
which total points can be calculated and totalled
3. Sub-criteria
This refers to term a ‘point’ or credit. One point or sub-criteria
can have several strategies to achieve the point
4. Tools
Typically known as ‘scorecards’ in other green building systems.
In MyCREST, these basic ‘tools’ are then ‘combined’ to make
up the full scoring plan for a project going for MyCREST
certification. This refers to the list of maximum points or sub-
criteria in MyCREST (Sustainable(S), Carbon Reduction (Cr) and
Carbon Impact(Ci), which an applicant can choose from for
any project.
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MyCREST vs Traditional Project Approach
The definition of carbon footprint and carbon impact of buildings,
products and services differ from country to country. Based on a
broad study of definitions, the aim is towards a more holistic
assessment integrated the carbon impact of buildings. MyCREST
draws its principles, primarily criteria and definitions promoted by the
Carbon Trust United Kingdom, PAS 2050 standards, Building Research
Establishment UK and as far as possible, lessons learnt from
international green buildings standards such as LEED and BREEAM. This
shift in emphasis is reflected in the weightage and criteria in MyCREST,
which differ from to the conventional design, construction and
operation processes and to some extent, a different emphasis on the
typical green building rating systems found. These can be summarised
as follows:
TRADITIONAL DESIGN
APPROACH
INTEGRATED MyCREST
APPROACH
Involvement of the project
members is limited to their trade
and specialization
Project members are included
right from start of the project to
draw inputs that will help to
shape the design and planning
process.
Project gets more intensive as it
progresses. Less time is spent at
the early stages.
Project starts off intensively with
pre-design requirements and
time spent on meetings,
charrettes and discussions.
Decisions are made typically by
a few stakeholders such as
owners, architects and
contractors
Decisions made by a team.
Brainstorming sessions, research
and iterative discussion are held
among as many stakeholders as
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possible before decisions are
made.
A linear process is adopted The whole system and life cycle
thinking approach are adopted
The focus is to reduce up-front
capital costs
The project team aims towards
reducing long-term operation &
maintenance costs
Systems are considered in
isolation and often result in over-
designing/over-sizing
Total building performance is
used to assess how each system
affects one another to deliver the
optimum design and
performance must be verified by
monitoring
Project members undertake
limited responsibilities
All team share equal
responsibilities and work together
to solve problems
The linear process ends when
construction of the project is
completed
This approach emphasizes on the
long term performance of the
building and users’ satisfaction
through commissioning, post
occupancy evaluation surveys
and energy audits.
Reference:
1. “Building Planning and Massing” 2010, the Centre for Sustainable Buildings
and Construction, Building and Construction Authority.
Hence, the following highlights the targets of MyCREST:
1. The target of MyCREST is to ensure that the building operates as
a low-carbon building and is not merely designed as one.
2. Carbon assessment method and metrics are fully integrated
into the sustainable framework of MyCREST scorecard.
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3. Carbon reduction targets and strategies are given priority and
emphasis in MyCREST.
4. The need to close the loop and reward by objective
measurements of real-world building performance.
5. A shift towards performance-based evaluation.
6. A shift towards lifecycle performance and impacts – rather
than current performance.
7. A shift towards life cycle implementation –rather than design
only.
8. To align with Low Carbon City Framework (LCCF) from Ministry
of Energy, Green technology, and Water (KeTTHA), and to
achieve both a tool for carbon reduction as well as sustainable
development.
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MyCREST and a Building’s Life Cycle
Another characteristic of MyCREST is the integration and inclusion of
criteria related to the overall building lifecycle, starting from inception
to demolition. MyCREST criteria and sub-criteria touch on or is derived
from each of the phases of the lifecycle of buildings as shown in Figure
1.
Figure 1: A Typical Life Cycle Path of a Building and Its Aspects Which Taken Into Account the Development of the Criteria in MyCREST
Renovation
Construction
Operational&
Maintenence
Demolation
Inception
Design(Conceptual & detailed)
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Figure 2: Overall Impact in Terms of Carbon Emission During the Different Phases in a Building’s Life Cycle
Figure 3: The Life Cycle Processes Reflected into MyCREST Methods, Criteria and Sub-Criteria
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The MyCREST Award – Its Rating Classification
The MyCREST rating system represents a five-tier system starting from one
star to highest 5 star rating that is able to be achieved. Table below show
between percentage score and MyCREST star rating.
To score one star for example, a range between 40%-49% of the total
score must be achieved from the total scored. The total score must be
converted to percentage, by dividing with the maximum points.
Example:
Percentage score = (Total score) / (max score available) x 100
There are three types of certification awarded at each stage (Design,
Construction and Operation and Maintenance). Projects that pass all
three certifications can qualify to be awarded with the Carbon-reduced
Award Label using the weightage as shown in the MyCREST Certification.
If one of the three certifications is left out, the project should only get the
independent (stage) certification. Only projects that pass all three
certifications can qualify for the Carbon-reduced Award Label.
MyCREST RATING Percentage SCORE
(%)
80-100
70 – 79
60 – 69
50 – 59
40 – 49
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DESIGN AWARD
Below is the calculation for the final score in DESIGN stage:
Total score for Air Conditoned
Building
136 points
Max Cr
Point
82 Max Ci
Point
39 Max S
Point
14 IN Point
(Bonus)
7
OR
Total score for Non-Air Conditioned
Building
108 points
Max Cr
Point
39 Max Ci
Point
55 Max S
Point
14 IN Point
(Bonus)
7
Healthcare project must include:
PLUS (+)
Elective Building- Healthcare 6 points
CONSTRUCTION AWARD
Below is the calculation for the final score in CONSTRUCTION stage:
Total score for Air Conditoned Building 128 points
Max Cr
Point
86 Max Ci
Point
29 Max S
Point
13 IN Point
(Bonus)
7
OR
Total score for Non-Air Conditoned
Building
98points
Max Cr
Point
45 Max Ci
Point
41 Max S
Point
13 IN Point
(Bonus)
7
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OPERATION & MAINTENANCE AWARD
Below is the calculation for the final score in OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
stage:
Total score 115 points
Max Cr
Point
73 Max Ci
Point
28 Max S
Point
14 IN Point
(Bonus)
7
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MyCREST Basic Blocks and Structure
Tools
The MyCREST system differs from current green and sustainable building
rating systems in its basic methodology of pursuing assessment and
certification. Basically, it is made of basic ‘tools’ – which is the most
fundamental tool in MyCREST. MyCREST essentially combines these basic
tools in order construct a ‘scoring plan,’ which is then used to assess a
building for certification.
Figure 4:
Basic Tools of the MyCREST System
As in Figure 4 above, the tools are the Design, Construction and O&M
assessment tool, and they represent the basic blocks of how MyCREST
assesses and awards a building. Each tool is the basis of the ‘star’ rating
for each phase of the project.
MyCREST awards different star rating to the different phase of the project
and will award an overall star rating. In this way, all three phases of the
project are assessed.
DESIGN
+
ELECTIVE:
HEALTHCARE
CONSTRUCTION OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE
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‘Tools’ are what conventionally known as ‘scorecards’ in other green
building systems. In MyCREST, assessment, recognition and award is given
separately to the three basic stages of a building’s lifecycle: Design,
Construction and Operations.
Besides given each stage a star rating, an overall rating is also awarded.
These scores are then ‘combined’ based on a weightage to make up
the full scoring plan for overall rating by the MyCREST certification.
The Design Tool
The Design tool basically assesses the “Design Stage’ of a project. It
consists of criteria (or category) and sub-criteria (which are similar to LEED
‘credits’). Each sub criteria have different points ranging from 1- 40 points
with Energy Performance sub-criteria (EP) having the highest number of
points. It consists of criteria (or category) and sub-criteria (which are
given ‘points’). Each criterion has different points with Energy
Performance sub-criteria have the highest number of points.
Elective criteria: Healthcare
In hospital and healthcare projects, project teams may opt to utilize the
healthcare elective criteria that can be added to the design stage
points. If so, the project will have a design stage tool (Healthcare), which
will be awarded certification with the ‘Healthcare’ label. At a later stage,
a total healthcare tool will be developed. For now, there are 6 elective
sub-criteria that can be added to the Basic ‘Design tool’ to make up the
scoring plan. The project is then eligible to be certified specifically for
healthcare certification under MyCREST. Projects are encouraged to
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propose strategies associated with healthcare under the ‘Innovation’
Criteria.
Two Versions of the Design Tool According to Building Type
Buildings in MyCREST, are categorised as typologies that either
predominantly air-conditioned or naturally-ventilated. In MyCREST, here
are two versions of the Design Tool. The ‘Design Tool’ can be selected
from:
1. The Air-conditioned Building version or
2. ‘Non-Air-Conditioned version of the tool depending on whether
the project is predominant air-conditioned or not using air-
conditioning.
If a building is defined as naturally ventilated, the ‘non-AC’ version of the
EP (Energy Performance) criteria and its sub-criteria can be used. Project
teams must check with the MyCREST awarding body whether their
building can be categories as ‘natural-ventilated.’ Overall, natural
ventilation with mechanical assistance should be considered as a
passive strategy for buildings or parts of buildings where occupants do
not expect or require high levels of thermal comfort. Typically, these
spaces or buildings are for transitional functions, leisure or residential
purposes and are essentially already low carbon spaces or buildings.
Hence, the path towards certification is made easier as energy
calculation and calibration no longer required within this non-air-
conditioned variation of the Design tool. This is summarised in Figure 8.
If a project is deemed ‘non-air-conditioned,’ then the entire Energy
performance (EP) portion of the tool can be replaced with the ‘non-air-
conditioned’ version of the Energy Performance Impact (EP) criteria.
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Figure 5: Options Available in MyCREST Tool
Figure 5 summarises the three basic tools that have slightly different sub-
criteria that can add or replaced in order to create a version of the tool
appropriate to the project. In summary, projects must decide whether
their building falls in the AC or non AC category/version or whether they
opt to use the Healthcare elective for healthcare buildings. A building
such as a naturally ventilated healthcare clinic can use both healthcare
and non- AC versions of the Design tool.
The air-conditioned tool is more stringent, more performance-based,
necessitating the use of simulation tools to verify compliance (based on
the baseline performance) to be awarded energy or low carbon points.
Naturally ventilated buildings rely more on passive strategies, and its best
practices must be exercised to ensure comfort conditions are met under
hot, humid conditions throughout the year. The non-air-conditioned
version is prescriptive and is much easier to score. In this way, projects
should firstly look at the possibility of natural ventilating their buildings and
spaces before they consider air-conditioning.
DESIGN
+
ELECTIVE
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
& MAINTENANCE
Air-Conditioned Building:
Use AC Version of
MyCREST Tool
Non Air-Conditioned
Building:
Use non-AC Version of
MyCREST Tool
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If a building is defined as naturally ventilated, the non-AC version of the
energy criteria and its sub-criteria can be used. Overall, natural
ventilation under a hybrid mode should be seriously considered as a
passive strategy for buildings where occupants do not expect or require
high levels of thermal comfort. Typically, these buildings are for leisure or
residential purposes and are essentially already low carbon buildings.
Hence, the path towards certification is made easier as Energy
Calculation and Calibration no longer required within this non-air-
conditioned variation of the Design tool.
In hospitals and healthcare projects, project teams may opt to include
the healthcare elective criteria that can be added to the design points.
If so, the project will have a design stage tool (Healthcare) which will be
awarded certification with the ’Healthcare’ label. This is a preliminary
stage in the development of a more comprehensive tool to assess
healthcare facilities in Malaysia. In total, currently, there are 6 elective
sub-criteria that can be added to the Basic ‘Design tool’ to make up the
scoring plan.
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Some of the examples of tools suited for different types of projects are:
Building Typology MyCREST Rating Tool
R&R Centre for PLUS highways
( NV)
My CREST Design and
Construction tool for Non- Air -
Conditioned Buildings
Mosque for 1000 capacity (NV) My CREST Design and
Construction tool for Non-Air-
Conditioned Buildings
30-storey office building (AC) My CREST Design and
Construction tool
600-bed hospital with 10
operating theatre(AC)
My CREST Design and
Construction tool (Healthcare)
Primary School ( NV) My CREST Design and
Construction tool for Non-Air-
Conditioned Buildings
Resort building (NV) My CREST Non-Air-Conditioned
Design tool
Whether or not a project eligible to define as AC or NV is explained later
in this guide. However, a building should be defined as equally AC and
NV; the review committee will advise on the suitable tools and its versions.
SCORING PLAN
In MyCREST, The combination of the tools makes up the SCORING PLAN
OF THE PROJECT. Project teams must submit their scoring plan during the
Design Stage or even as early as during the registration of the project.
A scoring plan COMBINES two (2) or more TOOLS to make up a complete
MyCREST scoring plan for the project.
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OVERALL SCORE
In MyCREST, the overall score that leads to the overall star rating of a
project is based on the weighted average (50:50) between the Design
and Construction final score. It does not yet include the O& M score
although the star rating for the O&M phase, if used, is stated in the
certificate.
CRITERIA AND SUB-CRITERIA
In MyCREST, a criterion is a category that consists of a list of sub-criteria
which carry points.
SUB-CRITERIA LABEL
Each sub-criteria has a label. The sub-criteria is labelled as follows
depending on the extent and verification of its carbon–related impact.
Each project is required to attain a minimum of 50% of carbon-based
points (Cr) in each criterion within the tool, except for the non-AC version
of the tool. The aim is such that a minimum level of criteria with carbon
impact exists in any scoring plan for any project.
Carbon Reduction ‘Cr’ points are those that contribute to or are
represented by calculators, which aim to assist in quantifying the numeric
relationships between consumption patterns and carbon. They are useful
for carbon emission analysis.
Carbon Impact ‘Ci’ points are points that may impact on carbon
emissions but may not be calculated.
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Sustainable ‘S’ points is a point that does not relate to carbon
emission/reduction but has an impact on other sustainable issues.
CERTIFICATION AND AWARDS
MyCREST requirements: Comply to MyCREST Compulsory sub-criteria
Sub-criteria defined as ‘required’ must be complied for eligibility of
Certification.
In MyCREST, a certification path is the chosen path of scoring towards
the eventual goal of certification by the project teams. MyCREST, in its
present version, can award the following certification:
1. Design & Construction Certification
2. Design and Construction Certification (Healthcare)
3. Design, Construction and Operations Certification
4. Operations and Maintenance Certification
5. Design, Construction and Operations Certification (Healthcare)
The ultimate goal or objective must be decided early on. In MyCREST, a
project may or may not choose to aim for the ‘Carbon-reduced Award’.
Without O&M certification, a project can still achieve ‘Design and
Construction’ certification in MyCREST. If a project chooses to pursue
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and submit for all three stages of the project including O&M, the project
teams must use all 3 tools available and achieve minimum requirement
stipulated in each tool. Only Projects that have achieved O&M
certification can be eligible for a Carbon-reduced Award or ‘label’ by
MyCREST.
The Project’s certification path is critical and must be outlined in the
Project sustainable brief. It determines the project goal and has an
impact on the budget, organisation and resources towards the final
certification received by the Project. For example:
a) Projects Going For Only Design and Construction Certification
These projects must combine BOTH Design and Construction or
Design, Construction and Operations MyCREST tools into a
SCORING PLAN FOR THE PROJECT. Projects can choose which
level of Star rating and hence the total score based on each tool.
+ =
Figure 6: Design & Construction Certification Paths
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
(50%) (50%)
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b) Projects Going For Carbon-reduced Award
In this case, project team must combine ALL 3 TOOLS in order to
construct a SCORING PLAN FOR the project which must combine
Design, Construction and Operations stages. Each tool can be
used to achieve a different star rating.
+
Figure 7: Total Certification Pathways Towards Carbon-reduced Award
WEIGHTED AVERAGE FOR OVERALL SCORE
To calculate the overall score, different weightage are given to the
scores of tools depend on the certification path. Weightage is the
percentage weight given to each total score under each stage with its
tool. The weightage given to the scores of different stages make up the
overall score. In MyCREST, Design and Construction scores are weighted
50:50 to achieve the overall score. Project teams are encouraged to use
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
(50%) (50%)
(minimum to maximum score )
+ =
31 | P a g e
the Executive summary calculator in the MyCREST calculator tool to see
how the weightage of the scores based on each tool affects the scoring
plan and the final OVERALL SCORE and star rating given to the project.
Weightage are given to different total points in each tool according to
the Certification path chosen by project teams (refer Figure 6 and 7).
In summary, each certification and award will be a mark of recognition
of the industry to the performance and contribution of buildings and its
design, construction and operations team towards sustainability and low
carbon practices in the construction industry. These certificates are the
acknowledgement of both the team and the buildings performance. If
the team manages to complete a full cycle of MyCREST Tools “Design,
Construction and Operation & Maintenance,” the team is eligible to be
awarded the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label.
The MyCREST structure introduces and aims to strengthen the rating
system life-cycle concepts and framework of assessment and hence, the
impacts and implications. This life-cycle concept becomes the basis of
the scorecard organisation.
This life-cycle structure and framework ensure that the MyCREST contains
all core points that create an impact at every major phase of a building
lifecycle. Scores and sub-criteria related to each lifecycle is either
touched upon in the criteria itself or the tool category. These have an
impact or a score in MyCREST, which will induce improvement and
strategies in each major phase of the lifecycle.
32 | P a g e
MyCREST Framework
Figure 8:
The MyCREST Framework and the Range of Building Typologies Covered in the Current Version
33 | P a g e
MyCREST FRAMEWORK: EXISTING BUILDINGS
Typically all new buildings are defined as “NEWLY CONSTRUCTED AND
MAJOR RENOVATIONS.’ These include newly constructed or major
renovations, which entail the addition of total Gross Floor Area (GFA)
from existing GFA to be renovated. A major renovation must involve
elements of Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV)
renovation, significant envelope modifications and major interior design
rehabilitations.
EXISTING BUILDINGS (EB)
However Existing Buildings can also be certified under MyCREST. The
underlying philosophy behind this certification path is to allow existing
buildings that have been certified green and those who are not yet
certified green but which can undertake renovations to be able to be
certified by MyCREST.
There are two certification pathways of rating systems for EB (existing
buildings)
1. For EB-GREEN FEATURES (Existing Buildings with Energy
Efficiency features)
Buildings that have achieved any form of green certification
or have been designed to be ‘green-based’, which is already
implementing energy saving and water saves measures. The
building can be considered as EE building if it comply with the
followings:
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a. Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007
AND
Demonstrate the building achieve 6% reduction from
MyCREST baseline.
OR
b. Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G
ASHRAE 90.1 2007 OR
c. Comply with JKR EE need statement
OR
d. A certified Green building that has achieved final
construction certification and fully commissioned.
2. For EB – WITHOUT EE FEATURES (Existing Buildings without Energy
Efficiency features)
Buildings that are not yet green, nor have yet to achieve the
minimum EE compliances and standards, which undergo
renovation, retrofitting, refurbishment or minor MVAC
modification or additions without the additional of existing
GFA is considered as Non-Energy Efficient Existing Building.
In both bases, a MyCREST Carbon-based Assessment exercise
must be undertaken for all buildings to assess the current
business-as–usual scenario or level and to assess the ‘gap’
needed to achieve the minimum standards.
35 | P a g e
MyCREST Rating System: Assessing Carbon
Impact
The integration of carbon assessment and indicators in MyCREST are
basically divided into four (4) broad areas based on international
definitions of carbon assessment: Carbon Emission, Embodied Carbon,
Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Offset. These four areas will have
separate carbon ‘quantification’. Another area is also introduced i.e.
“Carbon Avoidance’. However, Carbon Avoidance parameter is still in
its very early stages and will be quantified in later versions of MyCREST.
This is outlined in Figure 9.
Hence, four areas of carbon emission are assessed in varied extents in
MyCREST;
a. Carbon Emission (Operational)
b. Embodied Carbon
c. Carbon Offset
d. Carbon Sequestration
CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENT
1. Operational Carbon
Of primary importance is the carbon connected to
operational energy. Typically, the burning of fossil fuels
connected with operating buildings is responsible for
approximately 70 to 80% of the CO2 footprint of the building.
The 2030 Challenge aims to reduce this CO2 levels to zero by
the year 2030.
36 | P a g e
2. Embodied Energy
Building materials contain carbon associated with the
embodied energy of building materials. Embodied energy is
the energy required to extract, manufacture and supply
material to the point of use (i.e. the energy to construct the
building). It is extremely complicated to calculate as the issues
surrounding manufacturing vary from one place to another.
Materials themselves can make differing contributions to the
overall energy-efficiency of a building, particularly where
impact/energy reduction is the primary goal of designing for
carbon neutrality. This is most clear when comparing materials
either on their ability to retain heat (act as thermal mass) or on
their capability to resist heat flow (act as insulation). The
increased embodied energy of a material (such as concrete)
may be warranted due to its capacity to store heat (free
passive solar heat!).
3. Activities and Transportation Factors
Carbon is produced by people and their activities, including
during transportations to and from work, or during business
travels and other organizational activities. This relates to the
Scope 3 Indirect Emissions (organizational activities) in
standard Carbon Footprint calculation methodology. The
travel distance to the building factors very much affected to
this aspect of carbon, as well as the means of transportation.
4. Site Factors and Management
37 | P a g e
Site disturbance during construction releases carbon into the
atmosphere. The more the site can be left alone (and the
construction/excavation impacts minimized), the less CO2 is
released.
5. Carbon Offset and Sequestration Factors
MyCREST integrates the importance of such ‘sequestration’
greenery strategies in carbon offsetting through its site
management category that not only aims to achieve long-
term benefits of site planning and design (including reduced
long-term heat island impact of development), but also
creates a long-term carbon dioxide sink.
Treatment and preservation of the site, eventual landscape
treatment, choice of planting and materials can begin to
sequester carbon for the life of a project. Sequestration
strategies can be represented by a concentrated group of
plants or any other primary producer that essentially binds
carbon dioxide into biomass. Examples are those within forests
and plantations, which are not carbon negative as sinks are
not permanent.
A carbon dioxide sink of this type moves carbon, in a form of
carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere to the
biosphere. Carbon dioxide sinks the stored carbon dioxide in
the Earth's crust by injecting it into the subsurface, or in the form
of insoluble carbonate salts (mineral sequestration). They are
considered carbon negative because they are removing
38 | P a g e
carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it indefinitely,
presumably for a considerable duration (thousands to millions
of years).
39 | P a g e
Figure9: The Outcome of MyCREST Assessment and Rating Summarising the Total Scorecard of Sustainable Indicators According to Lifecycle and the Carbon Impact Assessment of Various Criteria
MyCREST Building Rating SystemMalaysian Carbon Reduc on and Environmental Sustainability Tool
Project NameProject Location
Building Rating
Project Gross Floor Area* m2
Building TypeBuilding Categories
Date*GFA must excludes Car Parks ** Involve 1 year value * Involve once per building lifespan
Design Stage Design Stage
PD - Pre-Design IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration
EP - Energy Performance Impacts
OH - Occupant & Health
EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE - Water Efficiency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability
DP - Demolition & Disposal Factors
IN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)
Criteria
Infrastructure and Sequestration
Occupant & Health
Lowering the Embodied Carbon
TOTAL POINTS (ELECTIVE)
iii- Electricity use during Construction*
iv- Water Usage during Construction*
IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration
EP - Energy Performance Impacts
OH - Occupant & Health
EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE - Water Efficiency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability
DP - Demolition & Disposal FactorsIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus)
IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration ManagementEP - Energy Performance Impacts
OH - Occupant & Health
EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE - Water Efficiency Factors
WM - Waste Management and Reduction i- Site Conservation **
FM - Sustainable Facility ManagementIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)
MyCREST Rating Levels
New Construction
Design Construction
New Construction / Existing Building
Operation & Maintenance
`
Construction Stage
0
Criteria
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS)
Construction Points
0
New Construction (Embodied Carbon )
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
Percentage Reduction (%)
ReductionActual
Operational Carbon (Operation & Maintenance)
0
BAUTypes
New Construction: Operational Carbon (Design & Construction)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Certification
(Target Points)
Construction Stage Certification
( Target Points)
New Construction / Existing Building (Operation & Maintenance)
6
0
7
2 0
REDUCE CARBON LABEL 0%
NO RATING0.0%0
Total Carbonized Score
Maximum Carbonized Scoring (%)
50 - 59 (%) 2 Star40 - 49 (%) 1 Star
MyCREST Final Rating System
Design & Construction
MyCREST Final Certification
NO RATING
0
4 Star
#DIV/0!Actual Operational Carbon -
Target Points
60 - 69 (%)
70 - 79 (%)
Percentage Reduction (%)
i- Renewable Energy **
Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)
Carbon Offset
Carbon Sequestration
v- Waste Management **
-
Reduction
0
0
Total Carbon Emission (TEmission)
Carbon Intensity per sq.m
(tCO2e/m2)
Carbon Dioxide (tCO2e)
Phase
#VALUE!
#DIV/0!0.000
0.000 #DIV/0!
Operational Carbon (DESIGN)
Operational Carbon (O&M)
Embodied Carbon (CONSTRUCTION) #VALUE!
Actual
-
-
i- Operating Energy **
Embodied Carbon
Construction Carbon Calculator
Estimated Operational Carbon
-
-
Operation Carbon
ii- Water Usage (Verification) **
-
Construction Stage
i- Operating Energy (Verification)**
Carbon Capture Carbon Offset
Carbon Sequestration
28
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
-
#VALUE!
-
Operation Carbon
iii- Staff Transportation **
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Operation & Maintenance Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon OffsetCarbon Capture
ii- Water Usage **
16
Project Details
Criteria Maximum Points
6 0
House & Residential
MyCREST Rating Stage
Design Stage
Construction stage
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Design Points
3 0
Target Points
0
0
39
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS) 108
Design Elective Points - Healthcare
#VALUE!
Carbon Emission
tCO2e per year**tCO2e*
8 0
0
0
0
0
61
3
2
Maximum Points
7
0
5
3
0
-
Design Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon Capture
Target Points
Carbon Offset
Operation Carbon
0.00Estimated Embodied Carbon
i- Site Conservation **
i- Renewable Energy **
0
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
0
-
Carbon Offset
-
-
i- LCA Materials *
ii- Water Usage **
-
i- Operating Energy **- -
#VALUE!
-
-
tCO2e per year** -
i- Renewable Energy **
-
-
Carbon Offset
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
Target Points
-
i- Site Conservation **
vi- LCA Materials *
-
0.0%Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)
tCO2e*
0.00
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
Actual Embodied Carbon #VALUE!
tCO2e per year** -
12
iv- Low-Emitting Vehicles **
Verified Operational Carbon
- -
98
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS) 115
Criteria
15
Operation & Maintenance
0
Operation & Maintenance Stage
5 Star
Total Credit Score (%) MyCREST Rating
0
10
7
59
10
0
0
0
80 -100 (%)
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
-
0
0
0
Target Points
0
- - -
ii- Construction Waste Management *
Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)Design Points
0.00
Embodied Carbon
#DIV/0!#DIV/0!
v- Materials Transportation * -
i- Construction Mechinery *
Carbon Sequestration
Maximum Points
NO RATING
29
0
0.0%
Maximum Points
6
0
007
4
5
19
29
0
0
Design Stage Certification
(Target Points) 0 NO RATING
MyCREST Final Certification
Target Rating Scoring
0.0%0.0%
0.0%
0.0%50%
Target Star 0%
0.0%
Project Phase
Total 0.0%
Operation & Maintenance
Target Star NO RATING 0%
50%
100% 0.0%
Total Carbon Reduction
3 Star
Operational Carbon (Verification)
Embodied Carbon (from Cradle to Gate only)
Baseline / BAUTypes
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
OPERATIONAL CARBONCO2 emitted during the life of a building, from regulated and unregulated loads associated with the use of a building. This includes the emissions from the heating, cooling, lighting, etc.
EMBODIED CARBONCO2 emitted during the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, construction of a building materials, together with the end of life emissions.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION“The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir. When carried our deliberately, this may also be referred to as carbon dioxide removal, which is a form of geo-engineering.
CARBON OFFSETA reduction in emissions of carbon or green house gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission.
AVOIDED CARBON EMISSIONSRecover as much as possible the treated products, either as materials (reuse, recycling, composting…), or as energy (incineration with energy recovery…). The materials and energy recovered substitute for the materials/energy whose production would have emitted GHG
TOTAL CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENTAnnually:[(A – C – D) + B] / GFA (sq.m) = Building Carbon Emission Intensity per sq.m
A
B
C
D
E
40 | P a g e
INTEGRATION OF CARBON CALCULATORS
Carbon Calculators are integrated into the MyCREST Scorecard as an
indication of the carbon-based rating tools. Three labels have been
introduced to identify which points contribute to carbon
emission/reduction and sustainable impacts. Carbon calculators will
then be developed based on those labels.
The labels are categorised as follows:
1. Carbon Reduction (Cr)
2. Carbon Impact (Ci)
3. Sustainable (S)
The structure of MyCREST is based on total MyCREST point’s accumulation
and weightage based on various criteria. The scoring weightage reflects
the average weightage from the combination of these green building
and sustainable rating systems.
1. As Malaysia is yet to have a carbon intensity database or carbon
index of buildings and master plan, the present MyCREST system
converts points to carbon emission values. However, key points
such as energy and water are based on the award of
‘percentage savings on emissions above a baseline value.’ These
savings are converted to points and reconverted to carbon
emission value in the MyCREST total carbon summation page.
2. The overall award essentially gives three certifications to different
phases of the project in recognition of the excellence of Design,
41 | P a g e
Construction and O&M teams in achieving their targets and
performances.
Average weighted value is then given to various achievements of
the different stages in order to qualify for the MyCREST overall
Carbon-reduced Award. Project teams that do not undertake a
minimum of 1 star of the O&M certification cannot qualify for the
MyCREST overall Carbon-reduced Award. They can only achieve
the MyCREST Design and Construction certificates for different
levels.
3. To this date, the Ci points are the points that contribute to carbon
reduction without a practical and standard method to calculate.
With better research and development, more and more Ci points
will be converted to Cr points, with the future revisions of MyCREST.
After implementing the tools, through a range of strategies and
technologies and with the minimum carbon-based points scoring,
total data must be extracted from all carbon calculators and
summated in an executive summary. Basically in terms of
summation and scorecards, MyCREST requires the following to be
submitted:
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MyCREST CALCULATORS
The followings are highlights and features of the MyCREST calculators:
1. The baselines are as described in the Appendices of the
respective MyCREST reference guides.
2. The baselines derived from methodologies and minimum
standards derived from various Malaysian and International
Standards such as ASHRAE, IESNA and MS1525:2007.
3. In order to encourage and promote industry conversion and
investment to energy efficiency technologies and practices for
existing buildings, the baseline level is the BAU level of energy use
of the building during project registration. This must be based on
an energy audit undertaken within three months of the proposed
building registration for the MyCREST certification.
4. Energy and water carbon conversion factors derived from the
latest factor forwarded by KeTTHA.
5. All templates must be used for the MyCREST submission.
6. This includes buildings that used dynamic simulation for energy
efficiency savings and points; the MyCREST template must be
filled-in for submission in the final phase.
THE MyCREST SUMMATION: OPERATIONAL VS EMBODIED CARBON
EMISSIONS
Currently, there are no index or methodologies that can combine both
operational and embodied carbon in a single carbon index. Hence,
throughout its rating system, MyCREST emphasis in on the OPERATIONAL
CARBON PERFORMANCE. However, it cannot ignore the carbon impacts
43 | P a g e
of harvesting, manufacturing of materials and the carbon used while
constructing a building.
Hence, concerning building embodied carbon, MyCREST and its
associated calculators aim to take into account not only the cradle-to-
gate, gate-to-gate, gate–to-cradle impacts of construction but also
factors such as transportation carbon emission, site in-use carbon and
construction within the site. The factors that represent the basis of
selected scores and calculators to represent embodied carbon in
buildings is illustrated in Figure 10.
In MyCREST, the embodied carbon summation consists of carbon locked
into the manufacturing of materials, i.e. represent the intensity or volume
of carbon required to produce a material, together with carbon emission
as a result of the transportation of materials to the building site and within
the construction site itself throughout the construction period.
MyCREST acknowledges that there are limitations to current databases
that can link to the Malaysian scenario. Hence, in scores and criteria
related to embodied carbon, part of the aims is to build the database
and not to present the absolute and complete picture of the embodied
carbon. A project that go beyond this can apply for exemplary
performance and additional points. Due to limitations in database,
MyCREST touches on all phases within the ‘cradle to cradle’ lifecycle
phase of the building. However, the data that need to be provided by
project teams are basic compared with similar ratings throughout the
world. The basic emphasis is the ‘cradle to gate’ emissions in MyCREST.
These emissions typically depend on the materials used in the building
structure and construction specifications particularly on major
44 | P a g e
components such as walls and roofs as these present the greatest
embodied carbon impact.
Projects that aim for lower levels of MyCREST are encouraged to focus
on criteria and strategies that lower their operational carbon. Only
projects aiming for higher levels of MyCREST should target the embodied
carbon sub-criteria and points. A five star MyCREST building that is
approaching a zero emission building is assessed and defined more in
operational terms, but not in embodied terms.
Figure 10: The Factors Taken into Account in the Calculation and Summation of Embodied Carbon in the Building in MyCREST
45 | P a g e
From Figure 10, each of the CO2 emission sources linked to embodied
carbon definition is taken into account in MyCREST calculators. In
essence, embodied carbon in MyCREST refers to all sources of carbon
emission which are ‘locked’ into the construction and which remain a
constant value from the time of the start of building occupancy and
operations.
Once the building is handed over and occupied, MyCREST operational
carbon emission calculation takes over. The embodied carbon for any
replacement of materials and disposal of material is considered as LIFE
CYCLE EMBODIED CARBON.
Each source of carbon emission during the construction phase is then
linked to the generic term used in many Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tools
and systems found today such as ‘cradle to cradle’ or ‘cradle to gate[’.
Sources such as electricity and water used on the site during the
construction period are additional factors - differentiating MyCREST
embodied carbon definition to the LCA–based standard product
assessments. In MyCREST, as project teams need not give the entire
embodied carbon assessment of the building, but a minimum number of
elements that must be submitted. MyCREST does not require a
summation of every element within a building.
Basically, embodied carbon emission related to ‘cradle to factory gate’
is closely influenced by the type of material selected. As a rule, more
naturally-produced materials tend to have low-embodied carbon while
highly-manufactured or synthetic materials have high-embodied carbon.
The embodied impact of a component was a function of both scale and
material specified. Not all materials are represented and a research is still
being undertaken to achieve a better representation of the embodied
46 | P a g e
carbon of materials. It is not possible to calculate the entire building
embodied carbon for current MyCREST system.
In MyCREST, the general procedure used to calculate the unit embodied
carbon (kgCO2/m2) closely resembles the principles used in the BREEAM
assessment and rating system; they generally must follow through the
following process:
1. Identify significant components in a building as per outlined in the
calculator.
2. The manufacturers’ data on carbon emission factors is derived
from the GreenPASS database, which is based on theInventory of
Carbon and Energy( ICE).
3. Each element is measured based on Bill of Quantities and
drawings information.
4. Dense figures are applied to each element to gain mass data (kg)
when required.
5. Divide the total embodied carbon by gross floor area of each
building to achieve the unit embodied carbon (kgCO2/m2).
MyCREST CARBON SUMMATION
1. The MyCREST carbon summation summary totals up and
apportions the carbon emission calculations and emissions of the
different Cr sub-criteria with the MyCREST calculators.
2. It gives a breakdown to total operational and embodied carbon
emission, carbon offset and carbon sequestration.
3. The MyCREST summation page and template still SUMMATE AND
DIFFERENTIATE between operational and embodied carbon
47 | P a g e
emission; project teams must FOCUS on the REDUCTION
operational carbon in order to reduce carbon emission.
Operational carbon is calculated based on its standard lifetime
of a building for 50 years.
Calculations for carbon sequestration and carbon offset are also
based for 50 years.
Embodied carbon is only totalled for one year as it is based on
one-time design specifications of a proposed building.
4. Data on the embodied data is still in infant stage in the Malaysian
context. Ideally, there must be a database of building and
construction assemblies to which the MyCREST can derive the
embodied carbon of each construction component and
summate them in the MyCREST calculators.
5. Hence, the MyCREST embodied carbon scoring system and
calculators are DESIGNED to encourage the data collection,
practice and research into the LCA, but this must be viewed as
the first step and preliminary stage.
6. Currently, there are LCA international databases such as SimaPro
and Gabi, which cannot be related directly to values within this
context ‒ they, have yet to give the absolute values related to the
Malaysian scenario. However, they can provide an overview of
the embodied carbon of each construction material or assembly
for decision-making purposes. The baseline of the embodied
carbon intensity is based on (1) a conventional concrete building
with a steel roof, (2) conventional windows and doors, and (3)
glazing systems.
7. The MyCREST total carbon summation calculator aims to
represent the carbon profile of a building. This is where design
emissions, embodied carbon from manufacturing and
construction activities, operational carbon emissions and
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demolition impacts all contribute to the total carbon impact or
the carbon profile of a MyCREST building during its lifespan.
8. Each building will have a different generated carbon profile.
These are useful when striving for higher MyCREST and carbon
emissions standards over the design life of a building. The value of
the embodied carbon associated with construction materials
within the context of the total carbon profile of a building is
typically about 15% to 20% of the lifetime of a building. The bulk of
carbon emission in a building always comes from the operational
criteria, sub-criteria and phases.
It is hoped, over time, a database on carbon emission and its summation
based on the broad range of buildings available in Malaysia will be
developed, and this will bring towards an enhancement where scoring
and rating can be directly linked to carbon indices.
49 | P a g e
Essence of MyCREST
Figure 11: MyCREST Integration Framework: Carbon Indicators and Sustainable Criteria
50 | P a g e
Figure 12: Building Lifecycle and Carbon Calculators (1)
OPERATION
& MAINTENANCE
• Plant Inventory
on Greenery • Carbon
Accounting on
Site (For
Greenfield or
Graded Land) • Urban Heat
Island Mitigation • Building Energy
Efficiency
Performance • Lifecycle
Analysis (LCA) -
Structural
Elements • Water
Conservation
Strategies
• Carbon Accounting on
Site (For Greenfield or
Graded Land) • Emission Reporting-
Construction Machinery • Metered Electricity Usage
During Construction • Building Energy Efficiency
Performance -
Verification • Construction Waste
Management • Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -
Structural Elements • Construction Materials
Transportation • Water Conservation
Strategies On Site • Water Conservation
Strategies - Verification
• Conserve Natural Ecology
of Landscape Element • Stormwater Management
Plan • Improving Energy
Performance • Assessing Water Efficiency
Performance • Solid Waste Management -
Ongoing Consumables
51 | P a g e
Figure 13:
A Building Lifecycle, Criteria in MyCREST and Integration of Carbon Calculators for
Quantification and Assessment (2)
PRE-DESIGN
DESIGN STAGE
•IS Req1 Plant Inventory on
Greenery
•ISINV01
•IS2 Carbon Accounting on Site (For Greenfield or
Graded Land)
•ISCAL01
•IS6 Urban Heat Island Mitigation
•ISCAL02
•EP11 Building Energy Efficiency
Performance
•EPCAL01
•EC6 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -
Sturctural Elements
•ECCAL01
•WE1 Water Conservation
Strategies
•WECAL01
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
•IS9 Carbon Accounting on Site (For Greenfield or
Graded Land)
•ISCAL02
•IS12 Emission Reporting-
Construction Machinery
•ISCAL03
•EP17 Metered Electricity Usage
During Construction
•EPCAL02
•EP20 Building Energy Efficiency
Performance -Verification
•EPCAL03
•EC11 Construction Waste Management
•WMCAL01
•EC13 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -
Sturctural Elements
•ECCAL02
•EC15 ConstructionMaterial
s Transportation
•ECCAL03
•WE5 Water Conservation
Strategies On Site
•WECAL02
•WE7 Water Conservation
Strategies -Verification
•WECAL03
OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE
•IS15 Conserve Natural Ecology of
Landscape Element
•ISCAL04
•IS16 Stormwater Management Plan
•ISCAL05
•EP24 Improving Energy Performance
•EPCAL04
•WE10 Assessing Water Efficiency
Performance
•WECAL04
•WM2 Solid Waste Management -
Ongoing Consumables
•WMCAL02
DISPOSAL
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MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL
The MyCREST final carbon reduction label is a carbon reduction
award for buildings. If a building principally and minimally scores on
design, construction and O&M scorecard, they are eligible for this
award. The certification states the overall star rating score and the
breakdown of design, construction and operations final score. The
following are the total scoring points under each certification stage:
a. MyCREST (Design) scorecard
a. Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (136 points)
b. Non-Air-Conditioned Building (108 points)
b. MyCREST (Construction) scorecard
a. Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (128 points)
b. Non-Air-Conditioned Building (98 points)
c. MyCREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)
A project can achieve two types of final certification and final score
1. MyCREST Building Design and Construction certification
2. MyCREST Building Design and Construction and O&M
certification with Carbon-reduced Award Label
The following percentage weightage must be implemented to the
total rating to achieve the certification
1. Design and Construction (50:50)
2. Design and Construction (50:50) and O&M ( minimum score);
eligible for Carbon-reduced Award Label
MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label is given only to MyCREST
projects that are certified based on the completion the entire cycle
of the Design, Construction and O&M scoring.
53 | P a g e
My CREST Carbon-reduced Award is intended to grant buildings and
projects that have proven their operational performance. Primarily,
the MyCREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria related
to best practices during building operation towards reducing carbon
emissions and impact on the environment and enhancing building
performance. This scorecard can be applicable for both new building
(who target for MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award) and existing
building.
The MyCREST rating includes the operational criteria and practices
AND design and construction CRITERIA. Hence, an existing building
can either certify by implementing EITHER the full design, construction
and O&M scoring OR O&M scoring only. However, an existing building
that opted to be certified using the O&M scoring and certification
pathway can only attain the MyCREST Carbon Award Label if it scores
3 stars above.
In this way, not only does the philosophy of the MyCREST initially
outlined within its concepts and foundations is achieved, but it gives
a simple method of achieving a total score and certification level
based on the weightage of the three main scorecards to assess the
MyCREST new and existing buildings. Essentially for a new building, the
weightage is focused on achieving excellence in the design phase
and hence, its scorecard. For an existing building, the weightage is
focused on the O&M phase and hence, its scorecard.
MyCREST STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
The various MyCREST-related standards and guidelines are outlined in
the MyCREST reference guide. Unless stated, at the point of a MyCREST
54 | P a g e
project registration, the current version of the standard or guideline
required by the MyCREST criteria applies.
MyCREST NON AIR-CONDITIONED RATING SYSTEM
For building and projects that qualify to use this rating system, all
energy performance points can now use the Non-AC criteria and
hence, scores. There is no need for simulation. This relatively easier
path is based upon the fact that non-AC category buildings are
essentially the low carbon ones.
MyCREST AND NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural ventilation strategies in both AC and NON-AC buildings are
rewarded in MyCREST. In the AC building, however, only a maximum
of two points can be gained through the NV strategies. The conditions
whereby an NV strategy within a space can be accepted in MyCREST
as an EE strategy is outlined in the MyCREST reference guide. These
relate to sub-criteria that must comply according to the requirements
outlined in the non-AC scorecard for each type of strategy.
Hence, the inclusion and acceptance of natural ventilation as an EE
strategy is subjected to these requirements and also to be subject to
the review of the assessment committee. The aim is to ensure that the
natural ventilation (NV) strategies are valid without sacrificing comfort.
55 | P a g e
Summation Structure of MyCREST Carbon-
reduced Award Label
Within the MyCREST scorecard system is a framework of carbon
impact calculations within a building. This is because an estimation of
the building footprint and reductions (if possible) below a baseline are
required at the end of the MyCREST process and scoring method.
Although the current acceptable standard in the international circle
is mainly to account for operational carbon, MyCREST intends to give
an overall assessment, as well as presents a more holistic life-cycle
based on the overview of carbon–based impact of a MyCREST
certified building.
To achieve this, all MyCREST calculators will be linked to a central
summation calculator, which not only could summate the points per
criteria and link this with the level of MyCREST certification for a
building, but also estimate the lifecycle carbon impact of the building.
MyCREST carbon assessment is based on principles derived from the
following methods:
1. The Clean Metrics method
2. The Carbon Trust method
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Figure14: MyCREST Scorecard Summary and Carbon Calculation
MyCREST Building Rating SystemMalaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool
Project NameProject LocationBuilding Rating
Project Gross Floor Area* m2
Building TypeBuilding Categories
Date*GFA must excludes Car Parks ** Involve 1 year value * Involve once per building lifespan
Design Stage Design Stage
PD - Pre-Design IS - Infrastructure and SequestrationEP - Energy Performance Impacts
OH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied CarbonWE - Water E�ciency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability DP - Demolition & Disposal Factors IN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)
Criteria
Infrastructure and SequestrationOccupant & Health
Lowering the Embodied Carbon TOTAL POINTS (ELECTIVE)
iii- Electricity use during Construction*
iv- Water Usage during Construction*
IS - Infrastructure and SequestrationEP - Energy Performance ImpactsOH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE - Water E�ciency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability
DP - Demolition & Disposal FactorsIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus)
IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration ManagementEP - Energy Performance ImpactsOH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon WE - Water E�ciency Factors
WM - Waste Management and Reduction i- Site Conservation **FM - Sustainable Facility ManagementIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)
MyCREST Rating Levels
New Construction
Design Construction
New Construction / Existing Building
Operation & Maintenance
`
Construction Stage
0
Criteria
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS)
Construction Points
0
New Construction (Embodied Carbon )
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
Percentage Reduction (%)
ReductionActual
Operational Carbon (Operation & Maintenance)
0
BAUTypes
New Construction: Operational Carbon (Design & Construction)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Certi�cation
(Target Points)
Construction Stage Certi�cation
( Target Points)
New Construction / Existing Building (Operation & Maintenance)
6
0
7
2 0
REDUCE CARBON LABEL 0%
NO RATING0.0%0
Total Carbonized Score
Maximum Carbonized Scoring (%)
50 - 59 (%) 2 Star40 - 49 (%) 1 Star
MyCREST Final Rating System
Design & Construction
MyCREST Final Certi�cation
NO RATING
0
4 Star
#DIV/0!Actual Operational Carbon -
Target Points
60 - 69 (%)70 - 79 (%)
Percentage Reduction (%)
i- Renewable Energy **
Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)
Carbon O�set
Carbon Sequestrationv- Waste Management **
-
Reduction
0
0
Total Carbon Emission (TEmission)
Carbon Intensity per sq.m
(tCO2e/m2)
Carbon Dioxide (tCO2e)
Phase
#VALUE!
#DIV/0!0.000
0.000 #DIV/0!
Operational Carbon (DESIGN)
Operational Carbon (O&M)
Embodied Carbon (CONSTRUCTION) #VALUE!
Actual
-
-
i- Operating Energy **
Embodied Carbon
Construction Carbon Calculator
Estimated Operational Carbon
-
-
Operation Carbon
ii- Water Usage (Veri�cation) **
-
Construction Stage
i- Operating Energy (Veri�cation)**
Carbon Capture Carbon O�set
Carbon Sequestration
28
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
-
#VALUE!
-
Operation Carbon
iii- Sta� Transportation **
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Operation & Maintenance Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon O�setCarbon Capture
ii- Water Usage **
16
Project Details
Criteria Maximum Points
6 0
House & Residential
MyCREST Rating StageDesign StageConstruction stageOperation & Maintenance Stage
Design Points
3 0
Target Points
00
39
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS) 108
Design Elective Points - Healthcare
#VALUE!
Carbon Emission
tCO2e per year**tCO2e*
8 0000
0
6132
Maximum Points
7
0
53
0
-
Design Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon Capture
Target Points
Carbon O�set
Operation Carbon
0.00Estimated Embodied Carbon
i- Site Conservation **
i- Renewable Energy **
0
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
0
-
Carbon O�set-
-
i- LCA Materials *
ii- Water Usage **
-
i- Operating Energy **- -
#VALUE!
-
-
tCO2e per year** -
i- Renewable Energy **
-
-
Carbon O�set
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
Target Points
-
i- Site Conservation **
vi- LCA Materials *
-
0.0%Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)
tCO2e*
0.00
Total Carbon (tCO2e)
Actual Embodied Carbon #VALUE!
tCO2e per year** -
12
iv- Low-Emitting Vehicles **
Veri�ed Operational Carbon
- -
98
TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS) 115
Criteria
15
Operation & Maintenance
0
Operation & Maintenance Stage
5 Star
Total Credit Score (%) MyCREST Rating
0
10
7
5910
0
0
0
80 -100 (%)
Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)
-
0
00
Target Points
0
- - -
ii- Construction Waste Management *
Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)Design Points
0.00
Embodied Carbon
#DIV/0!#DIV/0!
v- Materials Transportation * -
i- Construction Mechinery *
Carbon Sequestration
Maximum Points
NO RATING
290
0.0%
Maximum Points
6
0
007
45
1929
0
0
Design Stage Certi�cation
(Target Points) 0 NO RATING
MyCREST Final Certi�cation
Target Rating Scoring
0.0%0.0%
0.0%
0.0%50%
Target Star 0%
0.0%
Project Phase
Total 0.0%
Operation & Maintenance
Target Star NO RATING 0%
50%
100% 0.0%
Total Carbon Reduction
3 Star
Operational Carbon (Veri�cation)
Embodied Carbon (from Cradle to Gate only)
Baseline / BAUTypes
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
57 | P a g e
The carbon summation in MyCREST has been developed based on
principles derived from the following two methods available
internationally:
THE CLEAN METRICS METHOD
The Clean Metrics method presents an integrated carbon footprint
solution for building construction and operation. The aim here is to use
their standards-based lifecycle inventory database and our lifecycle
assessment software tools to provide reliable and high-quality lifecycle
carbon footprint assessments for the construction and operation of
buildings and other infrastructures.
The carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure is the total amount
of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over
the lifecycle of that building. They are expressed as kilograms of CO2
equivalents. This includes all greenhouse gasses generated in the
manufacturing of the raw materials, construction of a building,
transportation of materials to the construction site, operation of the
building, periodic refurbishment and replacement of materials, and
end-of-life disposal of the building materials. The lifecycle carbon
footprint of a building or an infrastructure system is a crucial
performance metric that should be monitored and optimized.
THE CARBON TRUST METHOD
The aspect of Carbon Trust Method that is relevant to the MyCREST
framework of assessment is related to its “Product Carbon Footprint’,
which is based on PAS 2050. Although PAS 2050 is more applicable to
a wide range of goods and services, it guides on the principles of
58 | P a g e
assessing emissions. Essentially based on the Carbon Trust principles of
measuring emissions from all stages of the product lifecycle, a product
carbon footprint is a measure of GHG emissions at each stage of the
product’s life, including:
1. Extraction and production of raw materials
2. Transportation of raw materials
3. Production (or service provision)
4. Distribution
5. Product use
6. Disposal/recycling
Carbon Trust then outlines the basis of how the PAS 2050 sets out five
basic steps to determine a product carbon footprint. In the case of
MyCREST, the product represents the building:
1. Building a Process Map
In MyCREST, the carbon footprint process map is its range of
scorecards that list all the materials, processes and activities that
contribute to each stage of the building lifecycle.
2. Check Boundaries and Determine Priorities
The central principle of MyCREST is the boundaries determined by the
Cr, Ci and S points. The priorities in MyCREST are the Cr and Ci points;
project teams must, at least, score 50% of the scorecard in terms of Cr
points. The boundaries of Cr assessment are represented in the
following diagram:
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Figure15: Total Carbon Impact of a Building
Essentially the boundary of carbon assessment takes into account the
following:
1. Carbon emission factors:
a. Embodied carbon (cradle to gate) - including energy
emitted during the process and transportation energy of
materials to a building site. Embodied carbon is defined
as the total carbon emitted during the making process
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of a material from the extraction of raw materials
through the final manufacturing of the product
including the transportation.
b. Operational carbon – carbon emission release during
the lifetime of building operation. These include:
i. Operating Energy
ii. Water Usage
iii. Transportation
iv. Waste Management
2. Carbon offset factors
a. Carbon energy offset - reduction in emissions of carbon
dioxide made to balance or offset an emission made
elsewhere by installing renewable energy.
b. Carbon sequestration - a reduction of carbon emission
by being naturally sequestered in plants, soils, and in
ocean life.
3. MyCREST Lifecycle Carbon
a. With the value of carbon emission and carbon offset, the
building carbon impact can be attained by the
principal below:
Embodied
Carbon +
Transport of
Materials +
Operational
Carbon
Carbon offset +
Carbon
Sequestration
TOTAL LIFECYCLE
IMPACT IN
CARBON
EMISSION
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MyCREST Fact Sheet – Summary of Key
Characteristics
1. What is MyCREST?
MyCREST stands for The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and
Environmental Sustainability Tool. It was developed and based
on an integrated philosophy of combining carbon summation
and sustainable scorecard for buildings principles and criteria
contained and enhanced from various green rating systems
and carbon assessment standards.
MyCREST is aimed at integrating sustainability impact indicators
with carbon indicators in a building.
2. What is the current rating system in MyCREST?
Currently, MyCREST is focused on buildings design, construction
and operation and offers the following rating system.
a. MyCREST New Construction
b. MyCREST Existing Building
c. MyCREST New Construction for Non- Air Conditioned
Buildings
d. MyCREST New Construction (Healthcare)
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3. How does MyCREST award its rating?
MyCREST awards principally based on design, construction and
O&M scorecard, each given separate certification. MyCREST
ranges for 1 star to 5 stars rating for a building.
a. MyCREST (Design) scorecard
- Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (135 points)
- Non-Air-Conditioned Building (108 points)
b. MyCREST (Construction) scorecard
- Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (128 points)
- Non-Air-Conditioned Building (99 points)
c. MyCREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)
A project achieves two types of final certification and final
score
a. MyCREST Building Design and Construction certification
b. MyCREST Building Design and construction and O&M
certification
The following percentage weightage must be implemented to
the total rating to achieve the certification
a. Design and Construction (50:50)
b. Operation & Maintenance (100)
4. What is the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award?
MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award is given only to MyCREST
project, which complete the entire cycle of the Design,
Construction and O&M scoring. MyCREST Carbon-reduced
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Award is intended to award building that has proven their
operational performance.
5. What is MyCREST O&M rating?
MyCREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria
related to best practices during building operation towards
reducing carbon emissions and impact on the environment
and enhancing building performance.
This scorecard can be applicable for both new building (who
target for MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award) and existing
building. The MyCREST rating includes the operational criteria
and practices AND design and construction CRITERIA.
Those targeting higher star rating for O&M must STILL look to
implement design and construction points through sub- criteria
contained in the O&M scorecard. Amongst others, these are:
a. Stormwater Management
b. Landscape & Greenery
c. Urban Heat Island
d. Renewable Energy
e. Low VOC Materials
f. Passive and Active Design Features
Design and construction can also be parked under Innovation
Points.
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6. Can an existing building get MyCREST certification?
Yes, it can either by implementing the full design, construction
and O&M scoring OR O&M scoring only.
7. Can an existing building that opts for O&M scoring only attains
the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award?
Yes, if it scores 3 stars above.
8. How does MyCREST award energy performance points in
MyCREST O&M scoring?
These are two ways:
a. If the building is considered energy efficient, scoring is
based on achieved or implemented of savings from the
baseline that is defined as current energy reading at the
start of performance period.
OR
b. If the building is considered non-efficient-building
(All existing building that do not comply with MS1525 or
ASHRAE 90.1 2007), the BAU reading is taken as the
baseline.
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9. What is an energy efficient building in MyCREST O&M?
In MyCREST, Energy Efficient Building are defined as follows:
they are buildings that either
a. Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007 OR
b. Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G
ASHRAE 90.1 2007 OR
c. Comply with JKR EE need statement OR
d. A certified Green building that has achieved final
construction certification and fully commissioned.
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Who Should Use This Guideline
This reference guide is intended to be used by:
1. Government organisations
2. Private organisations
3. Architects
4. Engineers
5. Green Building Consultants
6. Developers
7. Contractors
8. Planner, Practitioners.
How To Use This Guideline
The Malaysian Carbon Reduction Sustainability Tool (MyCREST)
reference guide has been developed as a guideline for project teams
who want to pursue the MyCREST rating tool.
The entire MyCREST reference guide consists of the following
publication:
1. MyCREST Introduction
2. MyCREST Design Stage Reference Guide
3. MyCREST Construction Reference Guide
4. MyCREST Operation & Maintenance Reference Guide
5. Appendices
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The MyCREST reference guide was prepared to provide a measure to
evaluate the sustainability performance of buildings in Malaysia. It is
expected that this MyCREST rating tool (2013 edition) will be
developed continuously together with the sustainable database
available for Malaysia.
The MyCREST Reference Guide is intended to guide and help project
team to understand the fundamental aims and requirements of each
credit as well as the impacts of its implementation in the local
environment. It includes the approach and strategy methods relevant
to the idea of bringing every sustainable/green element as much into
a design. Each sub-criteria represents a standardized format for quick
understanding according to their related core criteria. These criteria
are well-organized and may differ from other categories of the
MyCREST reference guide, which depends on different types of
building usage/projects.
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The section of each sub-criteria is described below:
Core criteria
Sub criteria name
Carbon based identification
Approach and strategy
Aims and requirements
Reference No.
Sub criteria
points
SubCriteria
Title
Submittals
Standards and references
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Core Criteria
Main scope of environmental categories
Sub-Criteria Name
Main sub-criteria reside under the core criteria categories
Carbon Based Identification
Each element in the tool has been designed to be a carbon-based
rating. Hence, each project is required to attain a minimum of 50% of
carbon-based points (Cr) in each category within the tool, except for
the Occupant & Health (OH). This portioning qualifies the MyCREST as
a carbon-based rating tool.
Carbon Reduction ‘Cr’ points are those that contribute to or are
represented by calculators, which aim to assist in quantifying
the numeric relationships between consumption patterns and
carbon. They are useful for carbon emission analysis.
Carbon Impact ‘Ci’ points are points that may impact on
carbon emissions but may not be calculated.
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Reference Number
Detailed identification of numerical data for quick reference.
Sub-Criteria Points
Maximum points offered in each sub-criteria options.
Credits in Sub-Criteria
A detailed descriptions of every sub-criteria option. Some credits have
more than 2 cumulative points while others have several options that
a project team must choose.
Submittals
Provision of documentations upon submission.The report should come
out as a detailed summary of diagrams, descriptions of applied
systems, drawing plans/schematic plans showing each system
applied and description of strategies employed in the project.
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Summary of Criteria in Scorecards
DESIGN:
ELECTIVE POINTS FOR HEALTH CARE
Elective points consist of healthcare points. Healthcare points
are introduced to allow MyCREST certification of health-care
institutions that provide patient treatments by specialized staff
and equipment, namely hospitals. These points are available
only for New Construction buildings pursuing certification at the
Design Stage.
Healthcare points are found in the following sections of
MyCREST:
Abb. Criteria
PD Pre-Design
IS Infrastructure and Sequestration
EP Energy Performance Impacts
OH Occupant & Health
EC Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE Water Efficiency Factors
SC Social and Cultural Sustainability
DP Demolition & Disposal Factors
IN Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives
HC 1-2 Infrastructure & Sequestration
HC 3-5 Occupant & Health
HC 6 Lowering the Embodied Carbon
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CONSTRUCTION:
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE STAGE:
Abb. Criteria
IS Infrastructure and Sequestration
EP Energy Performance Impacts
OH Occupant & Health
EC Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE Water Efficiency Factors
SC Social and Cultural Sustainability
DP Demolition & Disposal Factors
IN Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives
Abb. Criteria
IS Infrastructure and Sequestration
EP Energy Performance Impacts
OH Occupant & Health
EC Lowering the Embodied Carbon
WE Water Efficiency Factors
WM Waste Management and Reduction
FM Sustainable Facility Management
IN Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives
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COLLECTION OF DATA
In a MyCREST building, the entire process of MyCREST design,
construction and submission is a Method to Collect Data on the
Product - which is the Final Building Construction.
The method to collect data is presented for each sub-criterion in the
Submittal section of each sub-criteria page in the MyCREST reference
guides.
CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION
As per required by PAS 2050, each MyCREST calculator will calculate
the activity data (whether energy, water, materials or transport) by
the emission factors to achieve the total carbon footprint. This affects
the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cases directly or indirectly
by the design, specification, construction and operations of the
specific building.
OUTCOME OF MyCREST
The carbon assessment of MyCREST communicated in the following
manner:
1. MyCREST will produce an overall label of the building. As per
PAS 2030, labelling is an important method of changing industry
practices and rewarding efforts.
2. MyCREST will report the operational energy above the BASELINE
as a mean to verify lower energy costs of MyCREST buildings.
Using less energy reduces the product footprint and at the end,
improves the bottom line of MyCREST buildings.
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3. MyCREST will also report an overall Carbon footprint
breakdown to represent the buildings commitment to reducing
climate change.
4. MyCREST will give a holistic lifecycle picture of both the
operational and embodied-carbon that can be used to
optimize the design during the design processes and identify
inefficiencies.
In MyCREST, the embodied carbon summation basically aims to
create and develop a database from the industry. An awareness,
initiatives and realisation from the building industry and its
stakeholders are necessary to create a metrics of measurement of the
carbon locked into the manufacturing of materials specific to
Malaysia and the region. The indices represent the intensity or volume
of carbon required to produce a material, together with carbon
emission as a result of the transportation of materials to the building
site and within the construction site itself throughout the construction
period. As such as this stage, it does not aim to represent an accurate
and true reflection of the embodied carbon of a whole building as
the database is still limited.
There are limitations to current databases that can link to the
Malaysian scenario. Hence, in scores and criteria related to embodied
carbon, part of the aims is to build the database and not to present
the absolute and complete picture of the embodied carbon. Projects
that go beyond this can apply for exemplary performance and
additional points. Due to limitations in the database, the scorecard
itself has sub-criteria that touch on all phases within the ‘cradle to
cradle’ lifecycle phase of the building. However, the data that need
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to be provided by project teams are basic compared with similar
ratings throughout the worlds.
THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MyCREST CALCULATORS
It is important to note that at the current version of MyCREST, it is not
possible to account for all the carbon emissions of a building.
The current MyCREST calculator is the first step to developing a carbon
management strategy for buildings; it will accurately measure the
current level of carbon emissions. These measurements would also
enable building designers and owners to maximize energy efficiencies
and returns by identifying energy inefficient areas.
Although the carbon footprint for MyCREST buildings includes
embodied carbon and operational carbon, it is not possible at this
moment in time to account for all the embodied carbon of a building
the CO2 produced during the manufacturing of materials, their
transportation and assembly on site, their maintenance and
replacements, and their disassembly and decomposition.
MyCREST in its current version has attempted to include a typical
carbon footprint of a building that includes the following:
1. Material development and preparation
2. Construction process (including transport)
3. Disposal or on-going occupational emissions, and
4. Refurbishment and redevelopment.
The difficulty of calculating embodied carbon emissions lies in the
many variables affect the carbon intensity of products, including the
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carbon emissions during manufacture, transport, as well as primary
energy sources and the extent of waste generation or recycling.
However, as some processes and products are more carbon-intensive
than others – cement, aluminium and glass being good examples – it
is not necessary to calculate the absolute total carbon footprint of a
project, as many components will have a negligible impact and offer
limited opportunities for mitigation.
An approach that focuses on the most carbon-intense and
extensively used components can be adopted, applying the
principles of significant item cost estimating to the assessment of
carbon, and adding an allowance for the remainder.
As the data bank for embodied carbon performance improves,
MyCREST will be able to band buildings by their embodied carbon
rating and clients will gain a greater appreciation of their buildings
and their project teams’ roles in addressing carbon impact. The aim
also contributes towards:
1. Engage up the supply chain. The information gathered during
the MyCREST process will help contractors, sub-contractors,
and suppliers reduce their emissions
2. Engage down the supply chain. Designers and owners and
developers will have an informed decision and have a brand
that differentiates their buildings and its processes. Consultants
can have an award that reward their processes and
differentiate their services.
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MyCREST Certification – Example Calculation
PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION
DESIGN 95% 5 STAR
CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 83% 5 STAR
AWARD/CERTIFICATION SCORES (%)
5 STAR 80-100
4 STAR 70-79
3 STAR 60-69
2 STAR 50-59
1 STAR 40-49
NEW CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) WEIGHTAGE (%) CARBONISED SCORES
DESIGN 95% 50% 47.50%
CONSTRUCTION 83% 50% 41.50%
MyCREST PRIMARY RATING CERTIFICATION
MyCREST FINAL CERTIFICATION
EXISTING BUILDING
PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) WEIGHTAGE (%) CARBONISED SCORES
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83 % 100% 83.00%
5 STAR = 89%
5 STAR = 83%
PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION
DESIGN 95% 5 STAR
CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR
NEW CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) WEIGHTAGE (%) CARBONISED SCORES
DESIGN 95% 50% 47.50%
CONSTRUCTION 83% 50% 41.50%
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83% 100% 83.00%
DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION: 5 STAR = 89%
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE: 5 STAR = 83.00%
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The overall concept of the MyCREST is to take care of the overall
building lifecycle from inception until demolition. However, these two
stages will be included in a later phase of the project. The current
stages are the Design, Construction and Operations & Maintenance
(O&M) stage.
To encourage teams to perform on par with all life cycle phases of a
carbon-based and sustainable construction project, the MyCREST
now offers awards for Team Performance at different stages of the
building lifecycle.
Currently, the MyCREST will now award teams with MyCREST “Design
Award” and “Construction Award” Certificates as a starting point.
These certifications represent recognition of their efforts in the different
life phase milestones of a construction project.
These are as follows:
DESIGN
Teams are eligible to be awarded the Provisional MyCREST “Design
Certification” after the tender stage.
CONSTRUCTION AND VERIFICATION
Teams are eligible to be awarded the MyCREST “Design and
Construction Certification” during the 12 months after building
handover.
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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Teams are eligible to be awarded the “Operation and Maintenance
Certification”.
Each award will be a mark of recognition of the industry for the
performance and contribution of the team to the sustainability and
low carbon practices in construction industry. These certificates are
the acknowledgement of teams’ performance. If the team manages
to complete a full cycle of the certification, i.e. “Design, Construction
and Operation & Maintenance Certification”, the team will be eligible
to be awarded the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label.
MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL
The MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL will be awarded
when the team completes a full life cycle certification as stated
previously, i.e. for New Construction Building, the team undergoes
“Design Certification”, “Construction Certification” and “Operation &
Maintenance Certification”, the team will be eligible to be awarded
the MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD.
MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award is intended to awardt building that
has proven their operational performance. An existing building that
opts for O&M scoring only, can attain the MyCREST Carbon-reduced
Award label if it scores 3 star and above.
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MyCREST Project Boundary Determination
MyCREST PROJECT BOUNDARY
1. Only one Project boundary must be selected and used
throughout the Design and Construction period and for
submission of all sub-criteria and calculators. This limit must be
determined by the project team to become the basis of
MyCREST scoring and calculations and eventually submitted for
MyCREST certification. Please note that the following sub-
criteria have high relevance concerning boundary:
a. Points related to Site carbon sequestration
b. Points related Site landscape
c. Reduce urban heat island
d. Light pollution
e. Parking
f. Public transport
Typically, the project scope of work, construction boundary
and site area is within the project boundary. This boundary must
be reasonable and logical; there must be no gerrymandering
(creating specific boundaries to include certain elements). Also,
it must include all strategies proposed for the project.
2. This project boundary must be submitted and outlined clearly
on the project site plan.
3. Only one project boundary based on the site plan can be the
basis of calculations for all MyCREST points, sub-criteria
calculators and assessments.
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4. MyCREST does not accept one boundary for one sub-criteria
and another boundary for another sub-criterion. However,
there can be two boundaries, the Project boundary and the
Master plan boundary.
5. Each criterion must link to one of the two boundaries. The
boundaries CANNOT change and must remain the same from
criteria to criteria.
6. The MyCREST project boundary must be within a site owned by
ONE owner.
7. The MyCREST project boundary must be a continuous line and
a whole (unbroken) parcel of land. Boundaries that are broken,
not contiguous, divided and not representing a continuous line
are not accepted.
8. Project teams must exercise due care to the determination of
boundaries; they must submit with the first MyCREST design
submission. Any implementation of features and strategies
outside the boundary is not calculated in the MyCREST
calculations and submissions.
NOTES ON PROJECT MASTERPLAN BOUNDARY
MyCREST acknowledges that there will be points that can be
achieved but not within the project boundary. These are projects that
are located in master plans and hence, which wish to submit
individually for certification for each parcel or project within the
master plan.
In these cases, the project team can benefit from the green strategies
already implemented in the master plan. The project will then submit
two boundaries, i.e. the project boundary and the master plan
boundary. These specific conditions can be implemented in projects
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within master plan projects that include amongst others, university
complexes, resorts and research centres.
MyCREST allows selected sub-criteria to be implemented at master
plan stage. Only the following points that are scorecard in the master
plan can be used in the project scoring total and summation:
1. Stormwater quantity and quality
2. Light Pollution
3. Low emission Parking
4. Urban Connectivity
5. Carbon sequestration – planting of new trees
6. Site selection
Other points such as public transportation, tree preservation, reduced
urban heat island effect and other calculators cannot be used and
hence, scored under master plan. However, they must be scored
under the building itself within its project boundary and its associated
factors and parameters. The master plan boundary, subsequent costs
and investment and initiatives into any green master plan features
must come from the same owner or developer.
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MyCREST Energy Performance Evaluation
MyCREST NEW CONSTRUCTION
MyCREST new construction building energy performance evaluation
can be summarized as below:
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
Actual: Z kWh per year
Awarded point under
EP24: Improve Energy
Performance based
on verification by the
CxA upon completion
of the building.
Actual energy data
based on the
implementation of
energy management
practice during
operation
Points given based
on % reduction of Y
kWh - Z kWh.
DESIGN
Baseline: RkWh per year
Propose: XkWh per year
Awarded point
under EP11:
Building Energy
Efficiency
Performance
based on
energy
simulation
(Static or
Dynamic).
Baseline is
calculated
during this
stage.
CONSTRUCTION
Verification:
Y kWh per year
Awarded point
under EP20: Building
Energy Efficiency
Performance –
Verification based
on verification by
the CxA upon
completion of the
building.
Verification must be
done using IPMVP
protocol Option D
and calibrated
based on actual
occupancy
schedules and
density.
Points given based
on % reduction of R
kWh - Y kWh
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MyCREST EXISTING BUILDING
MyCREST existing building energy performance evaluation can be
summarized as below:
*After an assessment based on an Energy Efficient (EE) checklist, the
existing building that comply with the EE checklist can opt for
‘renovation for further improvement,’ but existing building without
Energy Efficiency features must go for renovation or retrofitting.
EXISTING BUILDING OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
Actual: Z kWh per year
Awarded point
under EP24:
Improve Energy
Performance based
on verification by
the CxA upon
completion of the
building.
Actual energy data
based on the
implementation of
energy
management
practice during
operation
Points given based
on % reduction of K
kWh - Z kWh.
*RENOVATION DESIGN
Baseline: K kWh
per year
Baseline is
derived from
energy audit
based on
‘Business As
Usual (BAU)’
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MyCREST AND BEI estimation
The award of energy points in the MyCREST is not based on BEI
calculations but the predicted and verified total energy consumption
below the baseline energy consumption value. The main focus in
MyCREST is on electrical energy consumption. However, if there are
strategies implemented to achieve savings of other forms of energy
which contribute to carbon emissions, these will also be awarded
under Innovation or specific points in O&M. Hence, the award of
points is not subject to a normalisation process to achieve a targeted
score. However, BEI represents a useful indicator to ascertain that the
annual energy use predicted falls within average BEI values known for
various building types in Malaysia. The MyCREST energy template and
calculator attempts to give a total and apportioned energy
consumption of a proposed MyCREST building. This is in such that the
verification processes in the Commissioning and the O&M stages can
be undertaken in a smooth manner based on the predicted values in
the Design stage.
NOTES ON CARPARK AND OUTDOOR AREAS
The summation of energy consumption and its breakdown must
differentiate energy used in the car park, patios and semi-outdoor
areas in its calculations and submissions. This is because these areas
are not conventionally considered within the definition of a project
GFA. However, the energy efficient strategies are used in car parks
and other semi-outdoor areas can be scored under other sub-criteria.
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NOTES ON DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS
For projects with district cooling systems, the COP and efficiencies of
the system must be calculated and verified to predict and verifyt the
building eventual energy performance. The DCS may not be within
the project boundary, and it is not necessary for the DCS to be in the
project boundary. If the DCS utilises renewable energy and this serves
the project, then this can be calculated by the summation of the
carbon offset, and contribute further to the total scoring of the project.
However, the DCS must comply with all the prerequisites of the
MyCREST rating system. Typically, the district cooling system is within
the master plan, and this can contribute to the project scoring and
carbon emission calculation as per outlined above.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
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ACA Air-conditioned area i.e. net-floor area that has air
conditioning/ cooling spaces excluding toilet (for
some buildings) and M&E rooms.
ACH The number of times per hour a volume of air,
equivalent to the volume of space, enters that
space.
AEMAS AEMAS is the world’s first regional certification system
for energy managers and energy end-users. Funded
by the European Union under the Switch-Asia
Programme, it is currently being implemented by the
ASEAN Centre for Energy in eight (8) the ASEAN
Member States, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and
Vietnam.
AHU 1. Air-handling units (AHUs) are mechanical indirect
heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning systems in
which the air is treated or handled by equipment
located outside the rooms served, usually at a central
location, and conveyed to and from the rooms by a
fan and a system of distributing ducts.
2. A type of heating and/or cooling distribution
equipment that channels warm or cool air to
different parts of a building. This process of
channeling the conditioned air often involves
drawing air over heating or cooling coils and forcing
it from a central location through ducts or air-
handling units. Air-handling units are hidden in the
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walls or ceilings, where they use steam or hot water
to heat, or chilled water to cool the air inside the
ductwork.
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers
ASTM Voluntary standards development organization that
creates source technical standards for materials,
products, systems, and services.
BAS A building automation system (BAS) uses computer-
based monitoring to coordinate, organize, and
optimize building control subsystems, including
lighting, equipment scheduling, and alarm reporting.
BAU Business as usual
BEI Total Energy Consumption is defined as total energy
of electricity (or electricity equivalent) consumed by
the building
•All energy consumed by the Gross Floor Area
(occupied and unoccupied in building including
energy for ICT.
•Excluding energy produced by Renewable Energy.
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BMP Best Management Practice
BOD Basis of design (BOD) includes design information
necessary to accomplish the owner's project
requirements, including system descriptions, indoor
environmental quality criteria, design assumptions,
and references to applicable codes, standards,
regulations, and guideline.
BOPAT Belanjawan Operasi dan Penyenggaraan Aset
Tahunan
BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental
Assessment Method, the first widely used green
building rating system, developed in the U.K. in the
early 1990s, currently used primarily in the U.K. and in
Hong Kong.
BSEEP Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project
BS EN British Standard (if EN is found as part of a BS, then it
means that the standard was developed as a
NET BEI [kWh/m2/year]
= Total Net Energy Consumption [kWh/year]
Total Net Floor Area [m2]
Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]
= Total Energy Consumption a year [kWh/year]
Total Occupied or Net Floor Area [m2]
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European standard and then adopted by the UK as
a British Standard)
Btu A unit of energy consumed by or delivered to a
building. A Btu is an acronym for British thermal unit
and is defined as the amount of energy required to
increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1
degree Fahrenheit, at normal atmospheric pressure.
Energy consumption is expressed in Btu to allow for
consumption comparisons among fuels that are
measured in different units.
BUS Building Use Ltd
C&D
Construction and demolition.
C2C
A protocol developed by McDonough Braungart
Design Chemistry that establishes guidelines for the
manufacture of products in ways that harmonize with
natural systems. These guidelines require, for
example, that products be recyclable indefinitely,
contain no hazardous ingredients, and are
manufactured using renewable energy.
CCC Certificate of Completion and Compliance
CDL Construction, demolition, and land-clearing (CDL)
debris includes all of the above plus soil, vegetation,
and rock from land clearing.
CETDEM Centre for Environment, Technology and
Development Malaysia
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CFC Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a compound of
carbon, hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine, once
commonly used in refrigeration that depletes the
stratospheric ozone layer.
CFL i. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) – light source in
which the tube is folded or twisted into a spiral to
concentrate the light output; CFLs are typically 3 to 4
times as efficient as incandescent light bulbs and
they last 8 to 10 times as long.
ii. Small fluorescent lamps used as more efficient
alternatives to incandescent lighting called PL, CFL,
Twin-Tube, or BIAX lamps.
iii. A light bulb designed to replace screw-in
incandescent light bulbs; they are often found in
table lamps, wall sconces, and hall and ceiling
fixtures of commercial buildings with residential type
lights. They combine the efficiency of fluorescent
lighting with the convenience of standard
incandescent bulbs. Light is produced the same way
as other fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent
bulbs have either electronic or magnetic ballasts.
CGP EPA's Construction General Permit. Outlines the
provisions necessary to comply with Phase I and
Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) program.
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CHP Combined heat and power (CHP), or cogeneration,
generates both electrical power and thermal energy
from a single fuel source.
CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
CIDB Construction Industry Development Board
CIR Credit Interpretation Ruling
CIS Construction Industry Standard
CMMS
Computerized Maintenance Management System
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent is the universal unit for
comparing emissions of different GHGs, expressed in
terms of global warming potential (GWP) of one unit
carbon dioxide.
CRI Color-rendering index, or CRI, is a scale of 0 to 100,
used by manufacturers of fluorescent, metal halide,
and other non-incandescent lighting equipment to
describe the visual effect of the light on colored
surfaces. Natural daylight is assigned a CRI of 100.
Cx
i. Commissioning (Cx) is the process of verifying
and documenting that a building and all of its
systems and assemblies are planned, designed,
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installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet
the owner's project requirements.
ii. The process of checking the performance of a
building against the owner's goals during design,
construction, and occupancy. At a minimum,
mechanical and electrical equipment are tested,
although much more extensive testing may also be
included.
CxA
The commissioning authority (CxA) is the individual
designated to organize, lead, and review the
completion of commissioning process activities. The
CxA facilitates communication among the owner,
designer, and contractor to ensure that complex
systems are installed and function in accordance
with the owner's project requirements.
dBA A decibel (dBA) is a sound pressure level measured
with a conventional frequency weighting that
roughly approximates how the human ear hears
different frequency components of sounds at typical
listening levels for speech.
DBH Diameter Breast Height
DHW Domestic hot water (DHW) is water used for food
preparation, cleaning and sanitation and personal
hygiene, but not heating
DOE Department of Environment
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DOSH Department of Occupational Safety and Health
DPAK Dasar Pengurusan Aset Kerajaan
ECM Energy conservation measures are installations or
modifications of equipment or systems intended to
reduce energy use and costs
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCS Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) is
an energy management feature that uses
mini/microcomputers, instrumentation, control
equipment, and software to manage a building's use
of energy for heating, ventilation, air conditioning,
lighting, and/or business-related processes. These
systems may also manage fire control, safety, and
security. Not included as an EMCS are time-clock
thermostats.
EMS An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set
of processes and practices that enable an
organization to reduce its environmental impacts
and increase its operating efficiency. An EMS is a
voluntary management system for identifying,
controlling and monitoring a facility’s activities, which
have potential environmental impacts. The
framework provides structure and consistency for
overseeing daily activities that shift the
environmental focus from reactive to proactive.
Voluntary implementation of EMSs has increased
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throughout the world as industry and organizations
realize their environmental and marketplace value.
The international standard for EMSs was first published
by the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in 1996 and was last revised in 2004. Its official
catalogue title is ISO 14001: Environmental
Management System-Requirement.
EnMS Energy Management System Standard
ENERGYSTAR ENERGY STAR is an international standard for energy
efficient consumer products originated in the United
States of America.
EPP Environmentally preferable products (EPP) are those
identified as having a lesser or reduced effect on
health and the environment when compared with
competing products that serve the same purpose.
EQA Environmental Quality Act
ESC (ESCP) An Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) plan are
a collection of measures designed to reduce
pollution from construction activities by controlling
soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne
dust generation.
ET i. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water
by evaporation from the soil and by
transpiration from plants. It is expressed in
millimeters per unit of time.
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ii. Evapotranspiration is the process by which
water is transferred from the land to the
atmosphere by evaporation from the soil
and other surfaces.
ETS Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand
smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the
burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is
exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about
4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to
cause cancer.
Fc 1. A foot-candle (fc) is a measure of light
falling on a given surface. One foot-candle
is defined as the quantity of light falling on
a 1-square-foot area from a 1 candela
light source at a distance of 1 foot (which
equals 1 lumen per square foot). Foot-
candles can be measured both
horizontally and vertically by a foot-candle
meter or light meter.
2. The non-metric measurement of lumens
per square foot, one foot-candle is the
amount of light that is received one foot
from a light source called a candela,
which is based on the light output of a
standardized candle. A common range for
interior lighting is 10 to 100 foot-candles,
while exterior daytime levels can range
from 100 to over 10,000 foot-candles. Foot-
candles decrease with distance from the
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light source. The metric equivalent of a
foot candle is 10.76lux, or lumens per
square meter.
FOG Fat, Oil and Grease.
FSC Forest Stewardship Council
FTE Full-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular
building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40
hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or
overtime occupants have FTE values based on their
hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided
by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as
either daily totals or as part of the FTE.
Residential occupancy should be estimated based
on the number and size of units. Core and Shell
projects should refer to the default occupancy table
in the Reference Guide appendix.
All occupant assumptions must be consistent across
all credits in all categories.
GBI GBI accreditation for buildings is separated into three
tiers. At the highest level is the GBI Accreditation
Panel, the independent regulatory body for GBI
accreditation. At the intermediate level are the GBI
Certifiers, consisting of experienced professionals that
conduct the assessment and accreditation of
project submissions. On the front-end level are the
GBI Facilitators, professionals who together with
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clients and design team to enhance their projects to
meet or exceed GBI rating system requirements.
GHG 1. Greenhouse Gas
2. GHG are gases that cause global warming by
absorbing and emitting infrared radiation into the
atmosphere. The GHG include, but are not limited to,
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide
(N2O), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
Perfluororocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur Hexafluoride
(SF6).
A carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto
Protocol greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O),
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
GreenPASS Green Performance Assessment System in
Construction
GWP Global warming potential is a measure of an
emission’s ability to trap heat in the atmosphere,
expressed as CO2 equivalent, or CO2e.
HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are refrigerants
that cause significantly less depletion of the
stratospheric ozone layer than chlorofluorocarbons.
HFC Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are refrigerants that do
not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer but may
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have high global warming potential. HFCs are not
considered environmentally benign.
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVAC&R Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigerant
Hz Hertz (Hz) is the unit used to describe the frequency
of vibrations (cycles) per second; 1 Hz equals 1 cycle
per second.
IAQ Indoor air quality
IBS Industrialised Building System
ICE Inventory of Carbon and Energy
MyCREST The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental
Sustainability Tool
IECC International Energy Conservation Code
IFMA International Facility Management Association
IKRAM QA Kumpulan IKRAM is a wholly owned subsidiary of
ProtascoBerhad, a public listed company.
ProtascoBhd is specializing in Road Construction and
Maintenance, Engineering Services & Consultancy,
Property Development & Construction and Trading of
Construction Materials.
Two core businesses of ProtascoBhd, Engineering
Services & Consultancy and Property Development
Construction, are the core business of Kumpulan
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IKRAM. This Engineering Services & Consultancy
include Forensic Engineering, Engineering
Consultancy & Testing Services specializing on
Structural, Geotechnical & Pavement consultancy,
Site investigation, Engineering Testing, Education &
Training services. Through the Agreement with TNB,
the engineering fields of expertise of Kumpulan
IKRAM will be provided to complement and enhance
the delivery system of TNB.
IPC International Plumbing Code
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPMVP The International Performance Measurement and
Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provide best-practice
protocol for measurement and verification of new
construction.
ISO 14000 ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to
environmental management that exists to help
organizations (a) minimize how their operations
(processes etc.) negatively affect the environment
(i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land);
(b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and
other environmentally oriented requirements, and (c)
continually improve in the above.
ISO 14040 A group of international standards laying out the
process for conducting and interpreting a life-cycle
assessment.
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ISO 50001 ISO 50001 is a specification created by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
for an energy management system. The standard
specifies the requirements for establishing,
implementing, maintaining and improving an energy
management system, whose purpose is to enable an
organization to follow a systematic approach in
achieving continual improvement of energy
performance, including energy efficiency, energy
security, energy use, and consumption.
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
JKR Public Works Department (Jabatan Kerja Raya)
KeTTHA The Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology,
and Water
KL The landscape coefficient (KL) is a constant used to
calculate the evapotranspiration rate. It takes into
account the species factor, density factor, and
microclimate factor of the area.
kW Kilowatt i.e. a unit of electric power (the rate at which
energy is used), which is equivalent to 1000 Watts.
kWh Kilo Watt hour
LCA 1. Life Cycle Assessment is a technique to evaluate
the relevant energy and material consumed and
environmental emissions associated with the entire
life of a product, process, activity or service.
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2. A method of analysing the environmental impacts
of a process, product or activity along its life cycle,
for example from ‘the cradle to the grave’. The
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
defines life cycle assessment (LCA) as the following:
“Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs
and the potential environmental impacts of a
product system throughout its life cycle" (ISO 14040:
1997).
3. Among the tools that life cycle management
(LCM) offers, LCA, or environmental balance, is one
of the most comprehensive and high-performance
methods. Life cycle assessment is the only method
that assesses the environmental impacts of a product
or activity (a system of products) over its entire life
cycle. It is, therefore, a holistic approach that takes
into account:
a. Extraction and treatment of raw
materials
b. Educational tools
c. Product manufacturing
d. Transport and distribution
e. Product use
f. End of life
4. The main goal of the method is to lessen the
environmental impacts of products and services by
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guiding the decision-making process. For companies,
designers, and governments, life cycle assessment
represents a decision-making aid tool for
implementing sustainable development.
Regulated by the ISO 14040 series standards, LCA
consists in four distinct phases:
a. Goal and scope definition (study
model that defines the methodological
framework, which all other LCA phases
must comply with)
b. Inventory of all the inputs and outputs
related to the product system
c. Assessment of the potential impacts
associated with these inputs and
outputs
d. Interpretation of the inventory data
and impact assessment results related
to the goal and scope of the study.
5. The objective of most LCA studies is to help
producers, manufacturers, companies and product
producers examine inputs (such as resources,
materials, and electricity) and outputs (such as
waste) and the impacts of these to improve
efficiencies and identify where better environmental
performance can be achieved.
The LCA approach forms the basis for a range of well-
known ‘footprint’ assessments including ‘carbon foot
printing’.
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LCCF Low Carbon City Framework
LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design is a
green building rating and certification tool which
provides building owners and operators with a
framework for identifying and implementing
practical and measurable green building design,
construction, operations and maintenance solutions.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) is a voluntary, internationally recognized
green building certification system that provides
third-party verification of adherence to the standard.
It was developed and is maintained by the US Green
Building Council.
LEED NC LEED for New Construction & Major Renovations is a
rating system that can be applied to commercial,
institutional and residential buildings of four or more
stories. The rating system has been applied to office
buildings, manufacturing plants, hotels, laboratories
and many other building types.
LEED EBOM The rating system encourages owners and operators
of existing buildings to implement sustainable
practices and reduce the environmental impacts of
their buildings, while addressing the major aspects of
ongoing building operations. All buildings (as defined
by standard building codes) are eligible for
certification under LEED for Existing Buildings. It is
targeted at single buildings, whether owner
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occupied, multitenant, or multiple-building campus
projects. It is a whole-building rating system;
individual tenant spaces aren’t eligible.
The LEED for Existing Buildings Operations and
Maintenance rating system is a set of performance
standards developed to certify the operations and
maintenance of existing commercial or institutional
buildings and high-rise residential buildings of all sizes,
both public and private, with the intent of promoting
high performance, healthful, durable, affordable,
and environmentally sound practices in existing
buildings.
LPD Lighting power density (LPD) is the amount of electric
lighting, usually measured in watts per square foot,
being used to illuminate a given space.
LRT Light Rail Transit
MDF A panel product used in cabinets and furniture;
generally made from wood fiber glued together with
binder; similar to particleboard, but with finer texture,
offering more precise finishing. Most MDF is made
with formaldehyde-emitting urea-formaldehyde
binder.
MDI Methyl Diisocyanate – non-formaldehyde binder
used in some medium-density fiberboard and
particleboard products, including straw-based
particleboard.
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MERV Minimum efficiency reporting value.
MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry
MPAM Manual Pengurusan Aset Menyeluruh
MSDS Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are detailed,
written instructions documenting a method to
achieve uniformity of performance.
A report that manufacturers of most products are
required to make available to installers and
purchasers, informing them of product information
on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical
mixtures, the existence of potentially hazardous
ingredients, and providing instructions for the safe
handling, storage, and disposal of products
MSMA Manual Saliran Mesra Alam
MTCC Malaysian Timber Certification Council
MVAC Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning
NAHRIM National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia
NFA 1. Net floor area is a term used in building
codes to describe the actual occupied
area of a floor, not including accessory
unoccupied areas (stairs, elevator & HVAC
shafts, mechanical rooms, etc.) or the
thickness of walls. See NPFA-101 page 17,
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the International Building Code section
1002.1, or your local building code.
2. Also called Net-Usable Area or Occupied
Area. Gross Floor Area excluding Car Parks
& External Corridor; the area included in
surrounding walls of a building e.g. offices,
stores, meeting rooms, risers, internal
porches, etc., or portion thereof.
Nit The metric unit for luminance The U.S unit is ‘foot
lambert’. Also measured in candela per square
meter (cd/m²).
NPV The total discounted value of all cash inflows and
outflows from a project or investment, or a formula
used in assessing the value of an investment,
calculated by taking the present value of an
investment's future net cash flows and subtracting
the initial investment.
NRC The arithmetic average of absorption coefficients at
250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz for a material. The NRC
is often published by manufacturers in product
specifications, particularly for acoustical ceiling tiles
and acoustical wall panels.
O&M Operations and Maintenance
ODP Ozone-depleting potentials
OPR Owner's project requirements (OPR) is a written
document that details the ideas, concepts, and
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criteria that are determined by the owner to be
important to the success of the project.
OSB Oriented-strand board (OSB). Consists of wood or
plant particles or fibers bonded by a synthetic resin or
binder. Examples include particleboard, medium-
density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheat board,
oriented-strand board, and strawboard.
OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value
Pa Pascal i.e. the SI unit of pressure
PAS Publicly Available Specification
PE Population Equivalent
POPA Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan
Aset
POPAT Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan
Aset Tahunan
PPB Parts per billion.
PPM Parts per million.
PPSPPA Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan
Pembersihan Awam
PSP Principal Submitting Person
PSU Primary Sampling Unit: A sampling unit selected at
the first stage in a multistage area probability sample.
A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous
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counties—for example, an MSA (metropolitan
statistical area) with surrounding suburban counties.
QLASSIC Quality Assessment System in Construction
RCx / Recx Recommissioning
RT Reverberation time (RT) is a measure of the amount
of reverberation in a space and equal to the time
required for the level of a steady sound to decay by
60 dB after the sound has stopped. The decay rate
depends on the amount of sound absorption in a
room, the room geometry, and the frequency of the
sound. RT is expressed in seconds.
RTTV Roof thermal transfer value
SBS Building whose occupants experience acute health
and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to
time spent therein, but where no specific illness or
cause can be identified. Complaints may be
localized in a particular room or zone, or may spread
throughout the building. A pattern of health
complaints related to poor indoor air quality in a
specific building, but without a known cause or a
definite, diagnosable pattern of symptoms.
SHASSIC Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction
SHGC The fraction of solar gain admitted through a
window, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
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SIRIM Standards and Industrial Research Institute of
Malaysia
SIRIM QAS SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd., a wholly-owned
subsidiary of SIRIM Berhad, is Malaysia's leading
certification, inspection and testing body. SIRIM QAS
offers services to a cross-section of economic sectors
ranging from the electrical and electronic sectors to
forest management and the construction and
building sector.
SLA Service Level Agreement
SO Superintending Officer
SOP A standard operating procedure (SOP) manual can
be used to document routine operations and
maintenance practices, and to encourage the use
of standardized best practices.
SPAN National Water Services Commission (Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan Air Negara)
SRI Solar Reflectance Index is a measure of the
constructed surface ability to reflect solar heat as
shown by a small temperature rise. To calculate the
SRI, the reflectance and emittance value of the
material must be known. Basically, for example, dark
paving materials have low reflectance and
consequently low SRI values. Gray or white concrete
has higher reflectance and hence, higher SRI values.
However, both white and gray concrete will weather
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over time, and without maintenance, their SRI value
will decrease.
STC Sound transmission class (STC) is a single-number
rating for the acoustic attenuation of airborne sound
passing through a partition or other building element,
such as a wall, roof, or door, as measured in an
acoustical testing laboratory according to accepted
industry practice. A higher STC rating provides more
sound attenuation through a partition.
tCO2e Tons of CO2equivalent.
TNB Tenaga Nasional Berhad
TP Total phosphorus (TP) consists of organically bound
phosphates, polyphosphates, and orthophosphates
in storm water, the majority of which originates from
fertilizer application. Chemical precipitation is the
typical removal mechanism for phosphorus.
TPATA Tatacara Pengurusan Aset Tak Alih Kerajaan
TSS Total suspended solids (TSS) are particles that are too
small or light to be removed from stormwater via
gravity settling. Suspended solid concentrations are
typically removed via filtration.
Tvis Visible light transmittance (VLT) (Tvis) is the ratio of
total transmitted light to total incident light (i.e., the
amount of visible spectrum, 380–780 nanometers of
light passing through a glazing surface divided by the
amount of light striking the glazing surface). The
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higher the Tvis value, the more incident light passes
through the glazing.
TVOC The sum or total of all volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) released from a product or measured in a
space under certain defined conditions.
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
USGBC United States Green Building Council
VAV Variable Air Volume (VAV) is an HVAC conservation
feature that supplies varying quantities of
conditioned (heated or cooled) air to different parts
of a building according to the heating and cooling
needs of those specific areas.
VFD A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a device for
controlling the speed of a motor by controlling the
frequency of the electrical power supplied to it. VFDs
may be used to improve the efficiency of
mechanical systems as well as comfort, because
they use only as much power as needed, and can
be adjusted continuously.
VMT The number of miles traveled by motor vehicles in a
specified period of time, such as a day or a year, by
a number of motorists in absolute or per capita terms.
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VOC Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a carbon
compound that vaporizes (becomes a gas) at
normal room temperatures. VOCs contribute to air
pollution directly and through atmospheric
photochemical reactions (excluding carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic
carbides and carbonates, and ammonium
carbonate) to produce secondary air pollutants,
principally ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate.
WEPLS Water Efficient Products Labelling Scheme under the
National Water Services Commission Malaysia
WFR Window-to-floor ratio (WFR) is the total area of the
window (measured vertically from 30 inches above
the finished floor to the top of the glass, multiplied by
the width of the glass) divided by the floor area.
WWF World Wildlife Fund
Glossary
A
Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Alternative-fuel vehicles use low-polluting, non-gasoline
fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed
natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol.
Ambient Lighting
1. General illumination in lux
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2. Lighting in a space that provides for general way finding
and visual comfort, in contrast to task lighting, which
illuminates a defined area to facilitate specific visual
work
Assembly materials
The percentage of postconsumer or pre-consumer recycled
material in a product. It is determined by dividing the weight of
the recycled content by the overall weight of the assembly.
Assessment, Construction
An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the construction
process employed in the project.
Assessment, Design
An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the design of the
project from concept stage up to project completion.
Assessment, Operations
An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the facility operations.
Atrium
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A usually sky lighted central area, often containing plants, in
some modern buildings, especially of a public or commercial
nature.
B
Baseline
Baseline is a base of measurement or point of reference,
verified and extracted from recognised authorities. It can also
be established from calculations using existing information.
Baseline Building Performance
Baseline building performance is the annual energy cost for a
building design, used as a baseline for comparison with above-
standard design
Bay
A bay is a component of a standard, rectilinear building design.
It is the open area defined by a building element such as
columns or a window. Typically, there are multiple identical
bays in succession
Best Practice
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A technique or methodology that has been accepted in the
construction industry to reliably lead to a desired result.
Binder
Glue used in manufacturing wood products, such as medium-
density fibreboard (MDF), particleboard, and engineered
lumber. Most binders are made with formaldehyde.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth. It includes all species,
animals, plants, fungi, algae,
bacteria and the habitats that they depend upon.
Bioremediation
The use of microorganism and vegetation is to remove
contaminants from water and soils. Bioremediation is generally
a form of in-situ remediation and can be a viable alternative to
landfilling or incineration
Black water
1. Water is the wastewater containing fecal matter and
urine.
2. Wastewater from toilets and urinals.
3. Wastewater containing urine or fecal matter that should
be discharged to the sanitary drainage system of the
building or premises in accordance with the
International Plumbing Code.
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Bleed-off (or Blowdown)
Bleed-off, or blowdown, is the release of a portion of the
recirculating water from a cooling tower; this water carries
dissolved solids that can cause mineral build-up.
Blower door test
A blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a
space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists
of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The
fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of
the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices
detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible
air leaks in the construction.
Breathing Zone
The breathing zone is the region within an occupied space
between 3 and 6 feet above the floor and more than 2 feet
from walls or fixed air-conditioning equipment. (AHSRAE 62.1–
2007).
Brightness
The subjective perception of luminance
Brightness Glare
Glare resulting from high luminance or insufficiently shielded
light sources in the field of view. Also known as direct glare.
Brownfield
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Abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial
facilities/sites which expansion, redevelopment, or reuse is
complicated by real or perceived environmental
contamination (may include hazardous substances, pollutants,
or contaminants). They can be in urban, suburban, or rural
areas.
Building Engineer
A qualified engineering professional with relevant and sufficient
expertise who oversees and is responsible for the operation and
maintenance of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems
in the project building.
Building Footprint
1. Building footprint is the area on a project site used by the
building structure, defined by the perimeter of the
building plan. Parking lots, parking garages, landscapes,
and other non-building facilities are not included in the
building footprint.
2. A "footprint" is defined as the entire area of ground
covered by permittable structure; in other words almost
everything except pavement. A building footprint is the
outline of the total area of a lot or site that is surrounded
by the exterior walls of a building or portion of a building,
exclusive of courtyards. In the absence of surrounding
exterior walls, surveyors will depict the area to be
occupied by the building with dotted lines. The size of
the wall will be determined by the size of the building
bricks or blocks to be used for the exterior wall in houses.
Attached porches are still part of the footprint.
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Building Typologies
Different types of buildings that are covered in the MyCREST
rating schemes.
C
Cadmium
A naturally-occurring element and source of pigments that
were once a staple in paints, but now are largely phased out
in architectural coatings except for certain specialty products.
High exposure to cadmium can cause a variety of health
problems, including kidney damage.
Car Sharing
A system under which multiple households share a pool of
automobiles, either through cooperative ownership or through
some other mechanism.
Carbon emission equivalent
A carbon footprint is measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide
equivalent (tCO2e). The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)
allows the different greenhouse gases to be compared on a
like-for-like basis relative to one unit of CO2. CO2e is calculated
by multiplying the emissions of each of the six greenhouse
gases by its 100-year global warming potential (GWP). A
carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto Protocol
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greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4),
Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Carbon footprint
1. This is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide
emission equivalent (CO2e) that is directly and indirectly
caused by any activity, or is accumulated over the life
cycle of a construction product.
2. Carbon footprints provide a way of quantifying the
amount of global warming potential or greenhouse gas
equivalents (as units of carbon dioxide) emitted through
the whole life cycle of a product or consumer or business
activities.
Carbon offset
A fiscal unit measured in metric tons of carbon dioxide-
equivalent (CO2e) representing six main categories of
greenhouse gases. Aimed at reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, one carbon offset represents the reduction of one
metric ton of carbon dioxide (or its equivalent in other
greenhouse gases). Carbon offsets are typically purchased by
consumers of fossil fuels or products using fossil fuels, as a way
to "offset" or negate their negative environmental impact.
Carbon sequestration
The estimated amount of carbon removed annually by plants,
through the process of photosynthesis.
Carbon storage
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Carbon currently held in plant tissue (tree bole, branches, and
roots).
Category
A set of issues that define the broad impacts and address ways
in which a project can mitigate the negative environmental
effects.
Certification
The process of labelling a project’s compliance with MyCREST
schemes.
Chemical Treatment
Chemical treatment includes the use of biocidal, conditioning,
dispersant, and scale-inhibiting chemicals to control biological
growth, scale, and corrosion in cooling towers. Alternatives to
conventional chemical treatment include ozonation, ionization,
and exposure to ultraviolet light.
Chromium
A naturally occurring metal used to make chrome, used in
some wood treatment compounds, and sometimes used to tan
leather. Its usage has been greatly reduced, but it may still be
found in some products. Although chromium is an essential
nutrient, some chromium compounds are carcinogenic.
Circadian Rhythm
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1. The rhythm of an organism's vital functions with relation
to the daily cycle of the natural environment
2. A daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-hour
intervals that is exhibited by many organisms
CIE Overcast Sky
The "cloudy sky" as used in the Radiance simulation software.
Clerestory
The upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large
building containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of
the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building.
Clerestory Windows
Pronounced and sometimes spelled "clear-story," these are
vertical, or close-to-vertical, windows high in the wall of a
building that bring daylight deeply into the building and, if
operable, can help ventilate the space.
Climate change
1. Climate change is defined as a change of climate which is
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters
the composition of the global atmosphere.
2. Climate change refers to any significant change in
measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or
wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer).
3. The increase in global average temperatures being caused
by a build-up of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. This temperature change is leading to
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changes in circulation patterns in the air and in the oceans,
which are affecting climates differently in different places.
Among the predicted effects are a significant cooling in
Western Europe due to changes in the jet stream, and rising
sea levels due to the melting of polar ice and glaciers.
Comfort Criteria
Comfort criteria are specific design conditions that take into
account temperature, humidity, air speed, outdoor
temperature, outdoor humidity, seasonal clothing, and
expected activity.
Commissioning
A set of activities conducted during or after the construction
phase aimed at verifying that the building or pieces of its
systems, functions as designed. This is a comprehensive process
of reviewing design documentation, verifying installation,
testing equipment and system performance, training building
operators and analysing the operation of building systems.
Composting
Compost is an organic matter that has been decomposed
and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The compost
itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil
conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids,
and as a natural pesticide for soil. Composting from materials
from business and industry can be done onsite and offsite.
Industrial composting systems are increasingly being installed
as a waste management alternative to landfills, along with
other advanced waste processing systems. Mechanical sorting
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of mixed waste streams combined with anaerobic digestion or
in-vessel composting is called mechanical biological treatment.
Conductivity Meter
A device that measures the amount of nutrients and salt in
water. It is also known as an EC meter.
Construction IAQ Management Plan
A construction IAQ management plan outlines measures to
minimize contamination in a specific project building during
construction and describes procedures to flush the building of
contaminants prior to occupancy.
Construction Waste Management Plan (CWMP)
A plan that diverts construction debris from landfills through the
processes of recycling, salvaging and reusing.
Conversion Factors
Floor space estimates may be converted to metric units by
using the relationship: 1 square foot is approximately equal to
0.0929 square meters. Energy estimates may be converted to
metric units by using the relationship: 1 Btu is approximately
equal to 1,055 joules; one kilowatt-hour is exactly equal to
3,600,000 joules; and one gigajoule (109 joules) is
approximately 278 kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Cooling Equipment
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The equipment used for cooling room air in a building for
human comfort.
Cradle to gate
Describes an LCA that includes extraction of resources and
production but not transportation, use, maintenance or
disposal or recycling.
Cradle to grave
Describes an LCA that includes the full life cycle, from resource
extraction through disposal or recycling (sometimes called
cradle-to-cradle).
Criterion
Individual issues in the category that outlines the mitigation and
measurement principles and compliance to submittal
requirements and scoring levels.
D
Daylight Glazing
A vertical window area located 7'6" above the floor. Glazing at
this height is the most effective at distributing daylight deep into
the interior space.
Daylight Sensors
A lighting feature that takes advantage of sunlight to cut the
amount of electric lighting used in a building by varying the
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output of the lighting system in response to variations in
available daylight. They are sometimes referred to as "natural
lighting control sensors " or "photocells”.
Density Factor
Density factor (kd) is a coefficient used in calculating the
landscape coefficient. It modifies the evapotranspiration rate
to reflect the water use of a plant or group of plants, particularly
with reference to the density of the plant material
Design Intent
A written document that details the ideas, concepts, and
criteria that are determined by the owner to be important to
the success of the project.
Designated Parking (or Preferred Parking)
Preferred parking, available to particular users, includes
designated spaces close to the building (aside from
designated handicapped spots), designated covered
spaces, discounted parking passes, and guaranteed passes
in a lottery system.
Diameter at breast height (DBH)
Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a standard method for
determining the trunk diameter of a standing tree.
Diffused Interior Lighting
Lighting that does not come from any particular direction.
Diffusers
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In an MVAC context, diffusers disperse heating, cooling, or
ventilation air as it enters a room, ideally preventing
uncomfortable direct currents and in many cases, reducing
energy costs and improving indoor air quality (IAQ). In light
fixtures, diffusers filter and disperse light.
Direct Line of Sight through Vision Glazing
The approach used to determine the calculated area of
regularly occupied areas with direct line of sight to perimeter
vision glazing. The area determination includes full height
partitions and other fixed construction prior to installation of
furniture.
Durable Goods
Durable goods are goods with a useful life of 2 years or more
and are replaced infrequently or may require capital program
outlays. Examples include furniture, office equipment,
appliances, external power adapters, televisions, and audio-
visual equipment.
E
Eco label (or Green label)
Product or service markers, often in the form of a label, service
mark, or seal, that seek to make consumers aware of the
imperceptible environmental contents of the product or to
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indicate that its production meets certain standards deemed
to be socially desirable.
Embodied carbon
1. The carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the energy
consumed by all processes associated with the construction
of a building, from the acquisition of natural resources up to
the completion of the building.
2. The cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions, energy consumption, or
water consumption, respectively, of a product or system.
Embodied Energy
1. Embodied energy is the energy used during the entire life
cycle of a product, including its manufacture,
transportation, and disposal, as well as the inherent energy
captured within the product itself.
2. The energy expended in the process of creating a product,
often including the fuel value of its constituent parts as well
as transportation to its point of use.
Emissivity
Emissivity is the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the
radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature.
Endocrine Disrupter
Chemical that mimics natural hormones, such as estrogen, and
may interfere with reproductive development or alter
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behaviour in offspring. Among common chemicals believed to
be endocrine disrupters are phthalate plasticizers used in PVC
plastic and bisphenol-A, which is used in the manufacture of
epoxies and polycarbonate plastic.
Energy Intensity
The ratio of consumption to unit of measurement (floor space,
number of workers, etc.). Energy intensity is usually given on an
aggregate basis, as the ratio of the total consumption for a set
of buildings to the total floor space in those
buildings. Conditional energy intensity and gross energy
intensity are presented. The energy intensity can also be
computed for individual buildings.
Erosion
A combination of processes and events whereby materials of
the earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved or worn away and
transported by natural agents such as air and water.
Exemplary performance
Points that are achieved through the doubling of credit
requirements and/or achieving the next incremental
percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by
case basis, there each credit requirements must be examined
closely.
Exfiltration
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Exfiltration is air leakage through cracks and interstices and the
ceilings, floors, and walls
External Overhangs (or Awnings)
A conservation feature designed to reduce the transmission of
light into a building. These include any type of overhang
(including architectural) or awning on the outside of the
building designed to limit solar penetration.
Extraction (also known as harvest or recovery point)
Extraction, harvest or recovery point refers to the location of
raw materials prior to manufacturing of the building material or
product that is furnished and installed in the project building.
F
Fenestration
The arrangement of windows and doors on the elevations of a
building.
Formaldehyde
1. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring volatile organic
compound (VOC) found in small amounts in animals and
plants but is carcinogenic and an irritant to most people
when present in high concentrations, causing headaches,
dizziness, mental impairment, and other symptoms. When
present in the air at levels above 0.1 ppm, it can cause
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watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and
throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness; wheezing; skin
rashes; and asthmatic and allergic reactions.
2. A known carcinogen with no known safe exposure level.
Formaldehyde occurs naturally, but appears in unnaturally
high concentrations in many buildings because it is an
ingredient in binders used in many building materials and
furnishings.
Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
Fuel-efficient vehicles have achieved a minimum green score
of 40 according to the annual vehicle-rating guide of the
American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
Functional Performance Testing
The process of determining the ability of the commissioned
systems to perform in accordance with the owner's project
requirements, basis of design (BOD), and construction
documents.
G
Glare
The sensation produced by brightness within the visual field that
is greater than the brightness to which the eye is adapted and
thus causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual
performance and visibility.
Green Building
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The practice of creating a sustainable built environment and
using processes that minimizes ecological impact while
addressing the specific regional needs and local environment.
Green cleaning
Green cleaning is the use of cleaning products and
practices that have lower environmental impacts and more
positive indoor air quality impacts than conventional
products and practices.
Grey water
This is defined as untreated domestic used water, which has not
come into contact with toilet waste. Grey water includes water
from bathtubs, showers, sinks and laundry system.
Gross Energy Intensity
Total consumption of a particular energy source(s) or fuel(s) by
a group of buildings, divided by the total floor space of those
buildings, including buildings and floor space where the energy
source or fuel is not used, i.e., the ratio of consumption to gross
floor space.
Gross Floor Area
1. Gross floor area is the sum of the floor areas of the
spaces within the building, including basements,
mezzanine and intermediate‐floored tiers.
Measurements must be taken from the exterior faces of
exterior walls OR from the centreline of walls separating
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buildings, OR the centreline of walls separating spaces.
Excludes non‐enclosed (or non‐enclosable) roofed‐over
areas such as exterior covered walkways, porches,
terraces or steps, roof overhangs, and similar features.
2. Total area of all floors of a building as measured to the
outside surfaces of exterior walls and including flat roofs,
halls, stairways, elevator/lift shafts, attached garages /
car parks (underground/attached/indoor), porches,
balconies, basements, offices but excluding voids and
open/uncovered car parks.
3. The area excludes air shafts, pipe trenches, and
chimneys; floor area dedicated to the parking and
circulation of motor vehicles. (Note that while excluded
features may not be part of the gross floor area, and
therefore technically not a part of the MyCREST project
building, they may still be required to be a part of the
overall MyCREST project and subject to prerequisites,
and points)
H
Hardscape
Hardscape consists of the inanimate elements of the building
landscaping. Examples include pavement, roadways, stone
walls, concrete paths and sidewalks, and concrete, brick, and
tile patios.
Health Care
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A scheme that covers the assessment of Health Care facilities.
Heat Island Effect
1. Heat island effect refers to the absorption of heat by
hardscapes, such as dark, non-reflective pavement and
buildings, and its radiation to surrounding areas. Other
sources may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners,
and street equipment. Reduced airflow because of tall
buildings and narrow streets exacerbate the effect.
2. An urban area having higher average temperature than
its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption,
retention, and generation of heat by its buildings,
pavements, and human activities.
Heat Pump
A type of heating and/or cooling equipment that draws heat
into a building from outside and during the cooling season,
ejects heat from the building to the outside. Heat pumps are
vapour-compression refrigeration systems whose
indoor/outdoor coils are used reversibly as condensers or
evaporators, depending on the need for heating or cooling.
Hotels
A scheme that covers the assessment of Hotels.
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I
Illuminance
Amount of light incident on a surface.
Impact
An action that affects a natural system, typically by extracting
resources or emitting contaminants.
Impervious Surfaces
Surfaces that promote runoff of precipitation volumes instead
of infiltration into the subsurface. The imperviousness or degree
of runoff potential can be estimated for different surface
materials.
Imperviousness
Resistance to penetration by a liquid and is calculated as the
percentage of area covered by a paving system that does not
allow moisture to soak into the ground.
Integrated Design
A design approach that relies on a multidisciplinary and
collaborative team approach in which members make
decisions together based on a shared vision and holistic
understanding of the project. Rather than a conventional linear
design process in which a design is passed from one
professional to another, an integrated process has all key team
members talking together throughout the design and
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construction process as they share ideas and use feedback
across disciplines to iteratively move toward a high-performing
design.
Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management (IPM) is the coordinated use of
knowledge about pests, the environment, and pest prevention
and control methods to minimize pest infestation and damage
by the most economical means while minimizing hazards to
people, property, and the environment.
Impervious Surfaces
These have a perviousness of less than 50%. They promote run-
off of water instead of infiltration into the subsurface. Examples
are parking areas, roads and pavements.
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L
Landscape Area
The landscape area is the total site area less the building
footprint, paved surfaces, water bodies, and patios.
Life cycle
The stages of a product or system, encompassing resource
extraction, manufacturing, transportation and installation, use
and maintenance, and end of life.
Light Shelf
A horizontal element positioned above eye level to reflected
daylight onto the ceiling.
Light Pollution
Wastage of light, or unwanted light from building sites or
building facades that does not increase safety or utility and
unnecessarily consumes energy.
Louver
A series of baffles used to shield a light source from view at
certain angles or to absorb some light.
Low-Emitting Vehicles (see also Alternative Fuel Vehicles)
Low-emitting vehicles are classified as zero-emission vehicles
(ZEVs) by the California Air Resources Board.
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Lumen
1. A lumen is a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted
in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of 1 candle
intensity.
2. A measurement of light output.
Luminaires
A complete electric lighting/artificial lighting unit including
housing, lamp, electrical components, diffusers and focusers.
Also called a fixture.
Luminance
Amount of light coming from a surface; in other words, the
‘brightness’.
Luminous Flux
The rate of flow of energy (light) whereby the unit is lumen.
Lux
Measurement of lumens per square meter.
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M
Multi-Occupant Spaces
Conference rooms, classrooms and other indoor spaces
used as a place of congregation for presentations,
trainings, etc. Individuals using these spaces share the
lighting and temperature controls, and they should have,
at a minimum, a separate zone with accessible
thermostat and an air-flow control. Group multi-
occupant spaces do not include open office plans that
contain individual workstations.
N
Non-Potable Water
Water that is unsafe or unpalatable to drink because it
contains pollutants, contaminants, minerals, or infective
agents.
O
Occupied Building Spaces
Areas or spaces where one or more individual fully utilized
either for working purposes, study, examination or performed
other focused activities inside a building. These include any
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spaces that require a detail visual tasking at a working plane
surface, which is at 0.8m above the finished floor levels.
Occupied Areas
These are generally defined as enclosed areas or spaces that
accommodate human activity. This activity may be regular
activities such as office work or non-regular such as lobby areas
and gallery areas.
Occupied spaces
Enclosed spaces that can accommodate human activities.
Occupied spaces are further classified as regularly
occupied or non-regularly occupied spaces based on the
duration of the occupancy, individual or multi-occupant
based on the quantity of occupants, and densely or non-
densely occupied spaces based upon the concentration of
occupants in the space.
On-going Consumables
Ongoing consumables have a low cost per unit and are
regularly used and replaced in the course of business.
Examples include paper, toner cartridges, binders, batteries,
and desk accessories.
Operational carbon
All forms of carbon emitted by the energy consumed during
the life span of a building where it is used for the purpose it was
designed.
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P
Phenol Formaldehyde
Phenol formaldehyde, which off-gasses only at high
temperature, is used for exterior products, although many of
these products are suitable for interior applications.
Photo sensors
A photo sensor is an electronic component that detects the
presence of visible light, infrared transmission (IR), and/or
ultraviolet (UV) energy
Photometric chart
Lighting simulation result shown in the form of grid arrangement
usually in plan and perspective view. Each lighting incidence
on surface will portray in photometric chart.
Policy
Documented guidelines that articulate the organization
principles and its employees' response to known and
knowable situations. Policies shall be approved through the
organization's official governance mechanisms and
managed and maintained by the organization's official
policy function(s).
Post-consumer content
1. Content produced by households, commercial, or
industrial facilities that has been diverted or recovered
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from waste streams and broken down and processed for
use in new products or packaging.
2. Waste generated by end users (households or
commercial, industrial and institutional facilities) of a
product no longer able to be used for its intended
purpose that is recycled into raw material for a new
product.
Post-industrial content (or Pre-consumer content)
1. Scrap or waste recovered from the manufacturing
process for reuse or recycling.
2. Refers to material diverted from the waste stream during
a manufacturing process. Excluded from this category is
reutilization of materials such as scrap that are
generated in a process and capable of being
reclaimed within the same process. Generally
synonymous with "pre-consumer."
Potable Water
Potable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water
quality standards and is approved for human
consumption by the state or local authorities having
jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal
water systems.
Previously developed
Previously developed sites are those altered by paving,
construction, and/or land use that would typically have
required regulatory permitting to have been initiated
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(alterations may exist now or in the past). Previously
developed land includes a platted lot on which a
building was constructed if the lot is no more than 1 acre;
previous development on lots larger than 1 acre is
defined as the development footprint and land
alterations associated with the footprint. Land that is not
previously developed and altered landscapes resulting
from current or historical clearing or filling, agricultural or
forestry use, or preserved natural area use are considered
undeveloped land. The date of previous development
permit issuance constitutes the date of previous
development, but permit issuance in itself does not
constitute previous development."
Public use
Public or public use applies to all buildings, structures, or
uses that are not defined as private or private use.
R
Recyclable
A term generally applied to consumable goods such as paper,
plastics, glass bottles, a product or material is recyclable if it
may be removed from the waste disposal stream, returned to
its original raw material form, and reused as a raw material
input for a manufacturing process.
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Recycled content
The proportion of pre-consumer or post-consumer recycled
material, by mass, in a product or packaging or building
Reflectance Value
The ratio of energy (light) bouncing away from a surface to the
amount striking it, expressed as a percentage.
Renewable energy
Energy derived from resources that are naturally replenished
and can be sustained indefinitely. Potential sources include,
but not limited to, solar electric (photovoltaic), solar thermal,
solar thermal electric, wind, geothermal, bio-gas, biomass, low-
impact hydro and renewable cogeneration on-site or off-site,
on- or off-grid.
Retention Ponds
1. Ponds that help control potential flooding from
stormwater runoff and to help improve the water quality
that leads into streams.
2. Designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely.
Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading
to another location when the water level gets above the
pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity.
3. A water retention pond retains water all the time. The
pond level may go up and down, but ordinarily the
pond has some water in it. So, if the pond is typically
empty except during and shortly after rain or other
precipitation, it is a detention pond. If the pond always
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has water in it, then it is a retention pond. A retention
pond also may clear the water of pollutants before its
release.
Roof Area
Roof area is the area of the uppermost surface of the
building that covers enclosed Gross Floor Area, as
measured when projected onto a flat, horizontal surface
(i.e. as seen in Roof Plan view). ‘Roofs’, or portions of roofs,
covering unenclosed areas (e.g. roofs over porches and
open covered parking structures) are not included in the
areas used to evaluate compliance.
S
Scope of emissions
The categorization of emissions according to the Greenhouse
Gas Protocol Initiative, an international accounting tool widely
used by government and business leaders to understand,
quantify, and manage GHG emissions. Scope 1, 2, and 3
emissions are the GHG Protocol’s categories of direct and
indirect emissions. According to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol
Initiative website, the definitions of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 are:
1. Scope 1
Emissions are greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a
direct result of activities at a facility.
2. Scope 2
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Emissions cover greenhouse gas emissions from the
generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating or
cooling consumed by a facility.
3. Scope 3
Emissions cover all indirect emissions that are not
included in scope 2, such as the transport and
distribution of purchased fuel.
Sealants
A sealant has adhesive properties and is formulated
primarily to fill, seal, or waterproof gaps or joints between
2 surfaces. Sealants include sealant primers and caulks.
Sealants are used on wood, fabric, paper, corrugated
paperboard, plastic foam and other materials with tiny
openings, often microscopic, that may absorb or
discharge gas or fluid.
Shading Coefficient
1. The ratio of the total solar heat gains through a window
to that through 3mm clear glass.
2. Modelling, exercising, and analysing a design’s
behaviour without physically building the design. The
simulator and simulation model have all the necessary
attributes of the physical design.
Shall
Indicates a mandatory requirement.
Shielding
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A nontechnical term that describes devices or techniques
that are used as part of a luminaire or lamp to limit glare,
light trespass, or sky glow.
Should
Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not
required.
Solar reflectance
Also known as albedo: the fraction of solar energy that is
reflected by a surface on a scale of 0 to 1. Black paint has
a solar reflectance of 0; white paint (titanium dioxide) has a
solar reflectance of 1. The standard technique for its
determination uses spectrophotometric measurements, with
an integrating sphere to determine the reflectance at each
wavelength. The average reflectance is then determined by
an averaging process, using a standard solar spectrum, as
documented by ASTM Standards E903 and E892.
Solid Waste
Any refuse or sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other
discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or
contained gaseous material resulting from industrial,
commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from
community activities.
Stakeholder
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Any individual or group affected by or who can affect the
actions of an organization. Stakeholders include shareholders,
employees, customers, regulators, community members, or
suppliers.
Sub-Meter (or Sub-Metering)
Submetering is used to determine the proportion of energy
or water use within a building attributable to specific end
uses such as tenant spaces, or subsystems such as the
heating component of an HVAC system.
Supply chain
The network of organizations that cooperate to transform raw
materials into finished goods and services for consumers.
Sustainability
Human activity conducted in a way that meets “the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs.” In the marketplace, the term
is used to address ideas and emerging systems of thought that
include corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship
and environmental responsibility.
Sustainable Timber (also known as Certified Wood)
Wood from a source that has been determined through a
certification process and meet stated ecological and other
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criteria. There are numerous forest certification programs in
general use based on several standards
T
Task Lighting
The light provided for a specific task, versus general or
ambient lighting.
Transitional Spaces
Fully enclosed transitional spaces that interconnected
between the occupied building areas region, excluding the
ancillary circulation zones, lift lobby, waiting areas, entrance
hall/lobby or any services circulation spaces.
Transmittance
The ratio of energy (light) passing through a surface to the
amount striking it, expressed as a percentage.
U
U-value
U-value describes how well a building element conducts
heat. It measures the rate of heat transfer through a building
element over a given area, under standardized conditions.
The greater the U-value, the less efficient the building
element is as an insulator. The inverse of (1 divided by) the
U-value is the R-value.
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Urban Heat Island
A densely populated area in which pavement and buildings
absorb, store, and release solar energy, making the vicinity
warmer than it would be if the pavement and buildings were
not present.
Urea Formaldehyde
Urea formaldehyde is a combination of urea and
formaldehyde used in some glues and adhesives,
particularly in composite wood products. At room
temperature, ureaformaldehyde emits formaldehyde, a
toxic and possibly carcinogenic gas.
V
Visual Performance
The quantitative assessment of a visual task, taking into
consideration speed and accuracy.
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W
Waste
Any Material from the generator or holder that does not possess
characteristics or meet technical specifications for use in the
marketplace without further processing and will be discarded
or released to the environment.
Wetlands
Wetlands are areas such as swamps, bogs, and marshes where
water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface,
particularly in the root zone, at least, a good portion of the year,
including the growing season.
Working plane
The plane at which work is performed, usually taken as
horizontal and desk height (0.8m) from the floor.
X
Xeriscape
Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that makes routine
irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought-adaptable and
low-water plants as well as soil amendments such as
compost and mulches to reduce evaporation.
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Glossary – Types of Occupied Building Spaces
Educational
1. Classrooms (excluding lecture halls/theatres)
2. Lecturer/teacher office ( open plan /individual room)
3. Dormitories /bedrooms
4. Library (reading area)
Hotels
1. Hotels bedrooms/suites
2. Staff offices ( open plan /individual room)
Hospitals/ Daycares/ Clinics
1. Sister/nurse workstations
2. Staff office /nurse office/doctor’s office (excluding on-call
room)
3. General examination rooms (Simple examination)*
4. General treatment rooms*
5. Patients wards (open wards/isolation wards)
Industrials
1. Metal workings/welding etc.*
2. Products assemble spaces. *
3. Staff offices ( open plan /individual room)
*refer to any spaces that the utilization of natural day lighting
has less /no implications to defect /limit the capabilities of
neither occupants nor instruments in that particular space. For
instance, some general examination rooms /laboratories in
hospital may allow utilization of daylight and some others might
155 | P a g e
not, it’s depended on the allowable daylight sensitivity on that
spaces. Consulting a spatial advisors/specialist may help to
determine which area prone to these daylight sensitivity. For
submission purposes, applicant may submit supporting
documents stating the daylight sensitivity of those particular
spaces.
Offices
1. Open plan layout
2. Enclosed Plan layout (Single /individual room)
3. Laboratories*
4. Pharmacy office*
Retails
1. Sales area/display area
2. Staff offices ( open plan /individual room)
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References, Standards and Codes
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78. Suruhanjaya Tenaga Energy Efficient Label.
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