38
ABB Group - 1 - ul 4, 2022 Autoreclosing Protection Application Handbook
| Date post: | 24-Jan-2016 |
| Category: |
Documents |
| Upload: | karthikeyan-murugesan |
| View: | 212 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
© A
BB
Gro
up -
1 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingProtection Application Handbook
© A
BB
Gro
up -
2 -
Apr
21,
202
3
Autoreclosing
© A
BB
Gro
up -
3 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing CycleAuto reclosing Cycle
Fast
simultaneous
Fault clearing
OH-lines
High fault-rate
(80-90%)
© A
BB
Gro
up -
4 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAUTORECLOSING CYCLEAUTORECLOSING CYCLE
OH-lines
Intermittent faults
(80-90%)
Successful
AR-rate :
High (80-90%)
© A
BB
Gro
up -
5 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing principles
95% of faults are transient type
3 Ph autoreclosing synchrocheck is used Helps verify phase angles are not out of phase e.g: due to
heavy power swing
1 Ph autoreclosing needs identification of faulty phase Phase identification is difficult for high resistance faults
© A
BB
Gro
up -
6 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing principles
© A
BB
Gro
up -
7 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAutoreclosure in a Line bay
AR- AutorecloserBFR- Breaker failure relayCOM- CommunicationCOND-CB conditionDLC SC-Dead line check and synchronism checkLP- Line protectionMAN- Manual CB controlPD- Pole discordance relay
© A
BB
Gro
up -
8 -
Apr
21,
202
3
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing principles
Protections that start autoreclosing Main 1 protection Main 2 protection
Protections that block autoreclosing CB fail detected by Breaker fail relay & Pole discrepancy relay CB not ready Delayed tripping ( Zone2 or3 of distance relay , Back up relay) Manual CB operation Communication fail Direct transfer trip receive , BB protection , O/V protection, Reactor
protection
© A
BB
Gro
up -
9 -
Apr
21,
202
3
Autoreclosing
Circuit-breaker Contact Travel
Co
nta
ct p
osi
tio
n
Time
Closed
Open
Closed
t t t t
tt2 6
5431
© A
BB
Gro
up -
10
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingDead time for Automatic Reclosing Equipment
A B
Time
Con
tact
pos
itio
n
t2 B
t2 A
t6 A
t6 B
t1A
t1 B
t0
A
B
F
Open
Open
Closed
ClosedDead time
Interruption time
© A
BB
Gro
up -
11
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingSingle-pole Reclosing
A B C A B C
Single-Pole Reclosing
© A
BB
Gro
up -
12
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingTemporal Description of Automatic Reclosing
0.1 1 10 100 s
TD
3
HSR = High-Speed Automatic ReclosingDR = Delayed Automatic ReclosingR = Automatic ReclosingSR = Slow Automatic Reclosing
R SR
DR
HSR
© A
BB
Gro
up -
13
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingClassical Three-pole Reclosing
A B
Time
Con
tact
pos
itio
n
t2 B
t2 A
t6 A
t6 B
t1 A
t1 B
t0
A
B
F
Open
Open
Closed
Closed
Dead time
Interruption time
© A
BB
Gro
up -
14
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingFactors affecting extinction of Primary Arc
Fault current magnitude Fault clearance time Coupling from energized conductors Closing or opening of resistors Magnitude of reenergizing voltage Point of wave for reenergizing Magnetic forces on the fault current Length of insulating string Weather conditions Shape of grading ring
© A
BB
Gro
up -
15
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingMinimum Dead Time (IEEE)
System Voltage Minimum deionization time [ms]
kV Based on Field andLaboratory Tests
Based on OperatingExperience
23 110 180
46 120 200
69 130 210
115 150 230
132 160 240
230 210 280
345 260 340
400 280 370
500 330 420
© A
BB
Gro
up -
16
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingMinimum Dead Time for Three-pole Reclosing
Minimum Dead TimeThree-Pole Reclosing
System Voltage100 200 300 400 500 600 kV
500
400
300
200
100
ms
Based on Opera-ting Experience
Based on Field andLaboratory Tests
© A
BB
Gro
up -
17
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingDouble Fault on a Double-circuit Line
L R
A B CA B CL1
L2
© A
BB
Gro
up -
18
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingCapacitive Coupling and Single-pole Tripping
L R
A B C A B CC p
C p C p
CeCe
Ce
© A
BB
Gro
up -
19
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingSecondary arc
Secondary arc is phasor sum of currents maintained by capacitive and inductive coupling from the energised phase conductors
© A
BB
Gro
up -
20
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingCritical Line Lengths for Single-pole Reclosing
System Voltage Critical Line Length [miles]
kV Successful Range Doubtful Range
230 0-300 300-500
345 0-140 140-260
500 0-60 60-100
765 0-50 50-80
© A
BB
Gro
up -
21
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingArtificial extinction of secondary arc
Where high-speed automatic reclosing is to be implemented, secondary arcs must be artificially extinguished since they would otherwise last too long.
There are several methods to extinguish artificially the secondary arc:
Fixed Four-Reactor Scheme
Switched Four-Reactor Scheme
High speed Earthing Switch Scheme
© A
BB
Gro
up -
22
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingFixed Four-reactor Scheme
L R
A B C A B C
L p L p L p
L n
© A
BB
Gro
up -
23
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingSecondary Arcing Time (Haubrich)
s Tsa
Is
A50 100 150
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Secondary Arcing TimeHaubrich 1971
© A
BB
Gro
up -
24
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing
© A
BB
Gro
up -
25
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing in one and a half breaker system
© A
BB
Gro
up -
26
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingAuto reclosing in one and a half breaker system
© A
BB
Gro
up -
27
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingSpecial problems
Memory Circuit
Priority circuit
Autoreclosure out of service
© A
BB
Gro
up -
28
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing
© A
BB
Gro
up -
29
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing
ULine UBus
SYNC-BLOCK
UBus
ULine
Fuse fail
1-ph
3-ph (or 1-ph)
UBus
ULineUHigh > 50-120% Ur
ULow < 10-100% Ur
PhaseDiff < 5-75
UDiff < 5-50% Ur
FreqDiff < 50-300 mHzo
Synchronism and Energizing check
© A
BB
Gro
up -
30
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
AutoreclosingDLC and SC at Auto reclosing
© A
BB
Gro
up -
31
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Auto ReclosingCBIP manual on Protection of Generators, generator transformers and 220kV and 400 kV networks
© A
BB
Gro
up -
32
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing1.0 GENERAL1.0 GENERAL
• The auto-reclosing of power lines has become a generally accepted practice.
• Reports from different parts of the world show that in certain networks in region subject to a high lightening intensity only about 5% of the faults are permanent.
• Auto reclosing therefore provides significant advantages.
• Outage times will be short compared to where station personnel have to re-energize the lines after a fault.
• In interconnected networks auto-reclosing helps in maintaining system stability
© A
BB
Gro
up -
33
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing1.1 Recommendations for provisions of auto-reclosing
1.1 Recommendations for provisions of auto-reclosing
• Presently 1 phase high speed auto-reclosure (HSAR) at 400kV and 220kV level is widely practised including on lines emanating from Generating Stations and the same is recommended for adoption.
• If 3-phase auto-reclosure is adopted in future the application of the same on lines emanating from generating stations should be studied and decision taken on case to case basis.
© A
BB
Gro
up -
34
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing2.0 SETTING CRITERIA2.0 SETTING CRITERIA
2.1 Dead Time2.1 Dead Time
• Auto- reclosing requires a dead time which exceeds the de-ionising time
• Time required for the de-ionising of the fault path depends on:- arcing time, fault duration, wind conditions, circuit voltage, capacitive coupling to adjacent conductors, etc.
• Single phase dead time of 1.0 sec is recommended for both 400kV and 220kV system.
© A
BB
Gro
up -
35
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing2.2 Reclaim Time2.2 Reclaim Time
• The time during which a new start of the auto-reclosing equipment is blocked.
• If reclosing shot has been carried out and the line is energized and a new fault occurs before the reclaim time has elapsed, the auto-reclosing equipment is blocked and a signal for definite tripping of the breaker is obtained.
• After the reclaim time has elapsed, the auto-reclosing equipment returns to the starting position and a new reclosing sequence can occur.
• The reclaim time must not be set to such a low value that the intended operating cycle of the breaker is exceeded, when two faults incidents occur close together.
© A
BB
Gro
up -
36
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing• If the breaker is closed manually, the auto reclosing equipment is blocked and cannot start again until the reclaim time has elapsed.
• For the breaker to be used for auto-reclosing, it is essential that it has the operating mechanism and breaking capacity necessary for it to be able to perform the auto-reclosing sequences required.
© A
BB
Gro
up -
37
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing2.3 Circuit Breaker Requirement2.3 Circuit Breaker Requirement
• According to IEC Publication 56.2, a breaker must be capable of withstanding the following operating cycle with full rated breaking current:
O + 0.3 s + CO + 3 min + CO
• The recommended operating cycle at 400kV and 220kV is as per the IEC standard.
• Reclaim time of 25 sec is recommended.
© A
BB
Gro
up -
38
-A
pr 2
1, 2
023
Autoreclosing