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PRO FORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

Submitted by,

MR.Raneesh.n

Msc (N) 1stYear

Child Health Nursing

Santhidhama College Of Nursing

Bangaluru. -560091

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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALURU, KARNATAKA

PRO FORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE ANDADDRESS

MR.Raneesh.nIST Year M.Sc.Nursing

Child Health NursingShanthidhama college of nursingBangaloru,560091

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Shanthidhama College of Nursing

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1stYear Msc nursing,Child Health Nursing

4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE

COURSE5. TITLE OF THE STUDY A study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching program

regarding over intake of sucrose

content diet and its effect on dental

health of children among parents in

selected rural areas , Bangalore

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE WORK

6.0 Introduction

6.1 Need For The Study

6.2 Review Of Related Literature

6.2.1 Statement Of The Problem

6.3 Objectives Of The Study

6.3.1 Operational Definitions

6.3.2 Assumptions

6.3.3 Hypothesis6.3.4 Sampling Criteria

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

EnclosedEnclosed

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS1 Sources of data: parents in selected rural areas of Bangalore.2. Method of data collection: Self administered Questionnaire3.Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on the

patients or other humans or animals?YES

4.Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?YES. Ethical committees report is here with enclosed

8. List of References

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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALURU, KARNATAKA

PRO FORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR

DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATEAND ADDRESS

MR.Raneesh.nIST Year M.Sc.Nursing

Child Hellth NursingShanthidhama college of nursing

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Shantidhama college of nursing

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

1stYear Msc Nursing

Child Health Nursing

4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF

THE COURSE

5. TITLE OF THE TOPICA study to assess the effectiveness of

structured teaching program regarding

over intake of sucrose content diet and its

effect on dental health of children among

parents in selected rural areas , Bangalore

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6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION

Chi ldr en are li ving j ewels dropped un sustained from heaven.

> Robert Pol lok

All Children like to have sugar rich foods .Sugar rich food,

particularly the frequent ingestion of sweets like cakes, cookies, candy, chocolate etc, isrelated to both dental caries and periodontal disease. In developing countries, dental

caries has increased where there has been increased exposure to dietary sugars. Sugar

(sucrose), has a unique relationship to oral health. Sucrose can supply both the substrate

(building blocks) and the energy required for the creation of dental plaque. Sucrose also

releases glucose during digestion, and oral bacteria can metabolize the glucose to produce

organic acids that will result in dental carries.1

The earliest visible manifestation of dental caries is the appearance

of a dematerialized area on the tooth surface, which presents either as a small white spot

on a smooth surface or a pit or fissure. Approaches to the prevention of dental caries

involve attempts to reduce the microbiological burden, reduce the availability of refined

sugars, increase the resistance of teeth, or some combination of these approaches.

Reducing the microbiological burden is the focus of interventions using antimicrobial

Rinses and dentifrices and behavioral interventions to improve oral hygiene and thusremove the bacterial plaque coating tooth surfaces. Behavioral interventions are also used

to reduce the availability of fermentable carbohydrates through changes in the

composition of the diet and frequency of ingestion of refined sugar2

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The oral health of children is important to their overall well-being. Just as the mouth

cannot be separated from the rest of the body, oral health cannot be considered separate

from the rest of children's health. Often thought to be only the presence or absence of

tooth decay, oral health actually includes all the sensory, digestive, respiratory, structural,

and emotional functions of the teeth, the mouth, and associated facial structures.

Like other aspects of children's health, oral health must be

considered in the context of social, cultural, and environmental factors. Dental and oral

disorders can have a profound impact on children, and the burden of untreated dental

health problems is substantial. Untreated dental decay (cavities) can result in pain,

infection, tooth loss, difficulty eating or speaking, and poor appearance, all of whichpresent challenges for maintaining self-esteem and attentiveness to learning. Chronic pain

can alter a child's ability to sleep and play, and it hinders efforts to show them that their

personal actions can make a difference in their own health.3

NEED OF THE STUDY

Dental caries is widely recognized as an infectious disease induced by diet.

The main factors behind this are sucrose content diet and cryogenic bacteria. However in

young children bacterial flora and host defense system are in the process of being

developed thus there may be unique risk factor for dental caries in young children4

Dental caries and related oral diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are

most common oral diseases throughout the world. The prevalence of these diseases is

continuously increasing with change in dietary habit of children and increased

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Consumption of sucrose. The prevalence of dental caries is approximately 60% 65% in

India among children one of the main contributing factor is sucrose content diet.

5

Dental caries is still a major oral health problem in most industrialized

countries, affecting 60-90% of schoolchildren mainly due to chocolate and sucrose

content food items. The dental caries and periodontal disease have the high frequency and

severity particularly in developing countries. Some countries in Latin America report

dental caries for about 15% of schoolchildren due to high intake of sugar content in diet,

whereas prevalence rates of 5-12% are found in children aged 6-12 years in the Middle

East. However, recent studies from certain industrialized countries revealed that the

prevalence of dental caries is on the increase, ranging from 16-40% and 4-33% among 6-

year-old and 12-14-year-old children respectively. 6

Dental caries is common in 12 year olds. In countries with relatively low

DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) scores, 65% of children had experienced dental

caries in their permanent teeth. . The percentage of caries lesions untreated in12 year olds

was 29% in France, 45% in the UK, 46% in Hungary and 53% in Poland13-16.7

A study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)

toward oral health among 11 to 12-year-old school children in a government-aided

missionary school of Bangalore city. Data on oral health KAP were collected by means of

a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical significance was determined by Chi-square

test. Finally the study suggests that oral health KAP of study participants are poor and

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needs to be improved. Systematic Community-oriented oral health promotion programs

are needed to improve oral health KAP of school children.8

A study was conducted in four primary schools of Mehrauli block of rural

Delhi. Four hundred and fifty eight primary school children of both sexes in the age group

of 514+ were medically examined in daylight using a mouth mirror and probe. The

children came from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Presence of clinical caries was

recorded by naked eye examination. Teeth cleaning habits of the school children in terms

of regularity and associated caries prevalence was also noted. Since childhood is such an

impressionable age all students were made aware of the need for proper oral hygiene to

minimize the incidence of caries among them.9

A study conducted in Belgaum city, Karnataka to

determine the sugar consumption pattern of the school children and effect on dental

health to organize for a diet-counseling program. The objective of counseling session was

to create awareness about the role of sugar in the etiology of dental caries and the

importance of consuming restricted amount of sugar and thus to help the children to adopt

a health conscious life style. Easy availability of sugar containing food and high

consumption of these sweets if continued unabated, the dental caries among children

would become a major public health problem. In this instance, Dietary counseling can be

just appropriate to inhibit the carious process. 342 school children aged 13 years, from

four schools in Belgaum city participated in the study. The study was planned, to

determine the sugar consumption pattern of the school children in Belgaum city and to

organize for a diet counseling program. The most common strategy followed otherwise,

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Despite limited success is simply to exhort the children to eat less sugar. Study was

carried for 13-year-old school children, where the permanent teeth are fully erupted and

Majority of the children 84.5% reported Total Sugar Exposure on 4-5 occasions/day. This

is a major risk factor to develop caries activity and risk. And the incidence is more in

school children 10

Good health of the children is considered to be the most important part in

family, community, regionally, and globally. In order to bring the health of the children itis important to give awareness regarding the adverse effects of sucrose rich food stuffs on

dental health. During the community visit and clinical practice the researchers has come

across many school children with tooth decay. Who lack knowledge regarding the adverse

effect of sucrose rich food stuffs and its relation with dental health, and the availability,

accessibility and the advantages of health services . So the researcher felt that there is

great need of giving knowledge regarding sucrose content food and its harmful effects on

dental health and resources available for the betterment of health of school children.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program

regarding over intake of sucrose content diet and its effect on dental

health of children among parents in selected rural areas , Bangalore.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A comparative study was conducted to find out the prevalence of

dental caries and gingivitis, and among private and public school children of age 6-10

years in Bangalore City and its relation to sucrose dietary habits, related to oral health

and oral hygiene practice. Total of 1617 children (807 form public school and 810 from

private school were selected from 13 public schools and 15 private schools by simple

random sampling. Questionnaire was used and clinical examination was done. Dental

caries was recorded using WHO criteria. Results showed that there was difference in

dental caries experience among public and private school children. Public schools

(84.3%) than those in private schools (83.3%). The over intake of sucrose content food

like sticky chocolates ,candies ,ice cream etc are more common in school children and

lack of proper knowledge and oral hygiene is the major risk factor for dental problems in

students 11

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A study was conducted at a school in Bangalore city to assess the prevalence of

dental caries among school children who consumes more sugar rich food stuffs. The

study population comprised of school children of two age groups - 6 and 10 years. A total

of 430 subjects of both the sexes were surveyed, out of which 229 were in 6-year age

group and 201 in 12-year age group. Highly significant difference was noticed between

the two age groups with respect to calculus formation in the teeth help in planning and

implementing necessary preventive measures to avoid dental problems among school

children.12

A study was conducted in dental health status of 10-year-old

schoolchildren in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, and to identify oral health

behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to dental caries experience. Dental caries

was measured using World Health Organization criteria. The study took the form of a

cross-sectional survey of 838 children in upper primary schools. The prevalence of dental

caries in the permanent dentition was 27%. The study indicated that urban living

conditions were associated with more dental caries. And sugar content in diet is a risk

factor, since urbanization is rapid in India; oral health promotion at the present time

would be valuable to prevent increased caries prevalence.13

A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental

caries and to assess the level of attitude, knowledge and practice in relation to oral health

and oral health behavior among 6-10 year-old children in Bhopal, India. The data would

aim to provide a baseline for planning and evaluation of oral health education

programmes for children in the region. In this cross sectional study of 599 children 6-10

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years was conducted. Random sampling procedures were used to obtain representative

samples of children in rural and urban areas. The data were collected through clinical

examinations by means of WHO standard method. The dental caries experience was 2.5

times higher among children in urban areas compared to children living in rural areas.

Intake of sugary food and soft drinks were more frequent in the urban areas compared to

rural areas. Conclusion Implementation of oral health promotion programmes is needed

in order to increase the level of knowledge and to change attitudes and practices in

relation to oral health among children. Essential care should be provided to control oral

disease symptoms in children.14

A longitudinal study was carried out with a group of

children; initially aged 8-12 living in rural communities in south-central Michigan, USA

analyzes the relation between dental caries and consumption of sugars.. Consumption ofsugars from all sources averaged 156 g per day for males and 127 g per day for females,

an average of 52 kg per person per year. Sugars constituted one-quarter of total caloric

intake for both boys and girls, and the average number of eating occasions per day was

4.3.Children who consumed a higher proportion of their total energy intake as sugars hada higher increment of proximal dental caries The average number of daily eating

occasions was not related to caries increment, nor was the average number of sugary

snacks (defined as foods with 15% or more of sugars) consumed between meals, but the

average consumption of between-meal sugars was related to the proximal caries

increment In an age of generally declining caries, it was concluded that higher average

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daily consumption of sugars, and higher between-meal consumption of sugars, was still a

risk factor for dental caries in school children, and a good awareness is required15

A Cross-sectional study was conducted. to determine the

prevalence of dental caries and the level of sugar consumption among 613Year -old

schoolchildren in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. A questionnaire was distributed to

obtain information on dental history and total consumption of food with sugar. Caries

were diagnosed based on the WHO recommendation. A total of 1200 schoolchildren,aged 612 y were included. The sugar intake of children was twice more than the WHO

recommendation with a mean daily total intake of 59 g per person. Most common sources

of dietary sugar were hard candies (89%), chocolates (84.9%), pastries (84.9%) and soft

drinks (84.4%). The results indicate that dental caries is highly prevalent and increase

with augmented sugar consumption. This may be due to a widespread neglect of oral

health and an increased availability of refined sugary products to children .Needs special

attention to reduce the incidence16

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

To assess the knowledge of parents on over intake of sucrose richfood and its adverse on dental health in children.

The effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding overintake of sucrose content diet and its effect on dental health of

children.

To find out the association between the knowledge level of parentsand selected demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF THE TERMS

ASSESS: it refers to measure the effectiveness of teaching

programme

KNOWLEDGE:refers to the awareness of parents regarding over intake

of sucrose content diet and its adverse effect on dental health.

PARENTS:it refers to father and mother who have children between the

age group of 6- 10

CHILDREN: It refers to children between the age group of 6-10.

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SUCROSE: Sucroseis theorganic compound commonly known

as table sugarand sometimes called saccharine (candies, chocolates,

pastries, biscuits, ice cream etc)

ADVERSE EFFECT ON DENTAL HEALTH: It refers to harm full

effect on dental health due to over intake of sugar rich food stuffs

ASSUMPTION

It is assumed that parents may have inadequate knowledge regardingadverse effect of sucrose content diet and its relation with dental health

The level of knowledge of parents may increase after the STP.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There is a significant increase of knowledge of parents regarding

adverse effect of over intake of sucrose content food stuff and its effect on

dental health in children after structured teaching program than before

structured teaching program

H2: There is a difference between knowledge of parents and selected

demographic variables

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound

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SAMPLING CRITERIA:

INCLUSIVE CRITERIA

Parents who are willing to participate in this study. Parents those who are available at the time of data collection. Parents who have children between 6-10 years old child

EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA

Parents who are not cooperate. Parents are not available at the time of data collection. Parents not having children between age group of 6-10

DELIMITATION

The study is only with selected parents who having the children between the

age group of 6-10 in selected rural areas of Bangalore

MATERIALS AND METHODS

SOURCE OF DATA

Data will be collected from parents who having the children between the age

group of 6-10 in selected rural areas of Bangalore.

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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION:

1) Research approach : Evaluvatory approach

2) Research design : Quasi experimental one group pre test post test

desgin

3) Setting : Selected rural areas in Bangalore.

4) Population : parents in selected rural areas of Bangalore

5) Sample : parents who have children between 6-10 years

old child

6) Sample size : 60

7) Sampling technique : non probability convenient sample

technique

8) Method of data collection : Self administered questionnaire

9) Tool for data collection : Self structured questionnaire

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10) Method of data analysis

Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics like mean% andstandard deviation.

Demographic variables will be analyzed by frequency & percentage Level of knowledge will be analyzed by mean & standard deviation. Correlation between demographic variable & knowledge will be

analyzed by using correlation co-efficient.

11) Duration of study : 4 weeks

12) Variables:

Independent variables : Knowledge of parents on

over intake of sucrose content

diet and its adverse effects on

dental health.

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Dependent variables : Age, education, Dietary pattern place of

residence level of parents,

knowledge of parents monthly

income of the family, fathers

education, mothers education,

type of family, religion and

number of siblings

13) Projected outcome:

The study will be successful in improving the knowledge of

parents about the over intake of sucrose content food and its adverse effect on

dental health so that they can assist the children to practice better dental

hygienic measures will be helpful in reducing the incidence of dental

problems.

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15 The Effects of Sugars Intake and Frequency of Ingestion on Dental CariesIncrement in a Three-year Longitudinal Study,

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