S.V. Subbaiah, R.Mahender Kumar and J.S.Bentur

DRR.HYDERABADwww.drricar.org

DRR’S EXPERIENCE OF SRI METHOD

OF RICE CULTIVATION IN INDIA

361.1439.2

548.2646.3

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65.46 85.00 111.53 146.55 201.6253

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90 1401000

400

800

1200

1600

1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1999-00 2009-10 2024-25

In M

illio

ns

Population

Food grain

Rice

Population, production of food Population, production of food grains grains

and rice Trends and Projectionsand rice Trends and Projections

211.3 (2002)

93.3 (2002) Rice

Food grains

Overview of Indian Agriculture

• Total geographical area - 32,68,090 Sq.km

• Net sown area – 141 M. ha.• Population dependent on agriculture

51%• Rural population dependent on

agriculture 70%• Part of GDP in agriculture 21%

Why SRI Rice ?

The Annual per capita The Annual per capita Availability of waterAvailability of water

1951 : 5177 cubic meters

2001 : 1869 cubic meters

2025 : 1341 cubic meters

per capita availability is ~ 1000 cubic meters:

Health and Economic Activity of the Whole Country is affected

5.5 % of the geographical area and 7.6 % of the population are facingacute water shortage with less than 500 cubic meters.

Implications on Rice Growing

• Rice takes away >50% of Rice takes away >50% of Agriculture’s irrigation waterAgriculture’s irrigation water

• Most of the rice production comes Most of the rice production comes from Irrigated areas and country’s from Irrigated areas and country’s food security largely depends on food security largely depends on this.this.

• There is little scope for There is little scope for development/adoption of water development/adoption of water saving technologies in other cropssaving technologies in other crops

• The pressure on Rice to cut down The pressure on Rice to cut down the water requirements will be the water requirements will be higherhigher

 

So System of Rice Intensification (SRI ) evolved in 1980s’ in Madagascar by Fr. Henri de Laulanie permits resource limited farmers to realize high yield of paddy in fertile soils, with greatly reduced rates of irrigation water and without external inputs (Willem A. Stoop et al., 2002)

SRI is a system/method rather than a technology

Principles underlying SRI practices

Ø Rice is not an aquatic plant. Ø Rice seedlings lose much of their growth potential when transplanted beyond 15 days of ageØ Stresses from root damage during uprooting delay plant establishment and resumption of growth leading to lower no. of tillers and root developmentØ  Wider spacing of plants leads to greater root growth and accompanying tillering Ø  Soil aeration and organic matter create beneficial conditions for plant root growth and for consequent plant vigor and health.

SRI – important features

•Transplanting of young seedlings with soil (8-10 day old)•Line planting with wider Spacing 25 x 25 cm•No standing water during entire crop growth•Application of organic manure•Early and frequent weeding with cono weeder

Claims of SRI method

•Higher yields (up to 15 t/ha)•Water saving (up to 50%)•Improved soil quality •Increased fertilizer use efficiency•Reduced requirement of seeds (5 vs 20 kg/ha)

Scientific validation of these claims have not been done in India

Swarna under SRI

Multi-location evaluationKharif 2004

Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Normal Transplanting (NT)S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) S3 – Integrated crop management (ICM) S4 – Direct Seeding with drum seeder

Three genotypes viz., V1 - variety Krishnahamsa, V2 - rice hybrid KRH-2 and V3 - Local check

Test sites : 21

Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

Multi-location evaluationKharif 2004 - Results

• At 18 locations treatments differed significantly in grain yield• At 11 of these location SRI had significantly higher yield than NT•At 3 location SRI was better than ICM•At 4 locations SRI was comparable to ICM•At 2 locations ICM was better than SRI

• At 5 locations significant interaction between cultivars and treatment noted

•Increased yield was associated with increased number of panicles per unit area

•Increased yield was not associated with soil type or soil pH

Average grain yield under different methods- kharif 2004

NTSRI ICM

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Standard TP SRI ICM

Methods of Crop establishment

Fig. 1 Grain yield under different methods of crop establishment – Kharif 2004

Location

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NT SRI ICM

SRI<NTSRI=NTSRI>NTSRI>ICM>NT

SRI=ICM

Multi-location evaluationKharif 2005

Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Standard transplantingS2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) S3 – Integrated crop management (ICM) S4 – Direct Seeding with drum seeder

Only one local popular rice variety was used

Test sites : 21Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

Multi-location evaluationKharif 2005 - Results

• At 21 locations treatments differed significantly in grain yield• At 10 of these location SRI had significantly higher yield than NT •At 3 location SRI was better than ICM•At 7 locations SRI was comparable to ICM

•At 3 locations increased yield was associated with increased number of panicles per unit area

•Increased yield was not associated with time of transplanting

SRI may prove valuable in situations of late transplanting due to delayed water availability

Fig. 2 Grain yield under different methods of crop establishment – Kharif 2005

Location

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10

12

Aduth

ura

i

Coim

bato

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Rew

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agar

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Mandya

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nasi

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lima

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agam

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teru

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NT SRI ICMSRI>ICM>NT

SRI=ICM

SRI>NT SRI=NT SRI< NT

DRR station trial - Rabi 2003

Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Normal Transplanting (NT) with 15 X 20 cmS2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 12 day old seedlingsS3 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 25 day old seedlingsS4 – Normal Transplanting (NT) with 25 X 25 cm

Seven genotypes viz., Varieties- Jaya, Rasi, Krishnahamsa,TulasiHybrids - PHB- 71, KRH-2 Aromatic rice - Pusa basmati Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

Mean over genotypes SRI gave 16.6% higher grain yield over NT

Hybrids recorded 46 – 48% higher yield under SRI Varieties recorded 5 – 17% higher yield under SRIAromatic rice registered lower yield (35%) under SRI

SRI with 25 day old seedlings not effectiveNT with wider spacing not effective

Higher grain yield due to higher number of effective tillers per unit area and higher biomass SRI is cultivar sensitive method. Hybrids are more responsive to SRI

DRR station trial - Rabi 2003Results

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PHB-71 Basmati Tulasi Rasi KH Jaya DRRH-1 Mean

Grain yield (t/ha)

Cul

tivar

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SRI-12DAS

SRI-25 DAS

T.P 25 X 25

T.P (Normal)

Varieties as influenced by for SRI method

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SRI-12DAS SRI-25 DAS T.P 25 X 25 T.P (Normal)

Cultivars

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SRI modification on grain yield

DRR station trial – Kharif 2004-05

Four time of transplanting after uprooting were compared S1 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted immediately after uprooting S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 12 hr after uprooting S3 - System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 24 hr after uprootingS4 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 48 hr after uprooting

Two genotypes viz.,

Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

SRI using 8-14 day old seedling transplanted immediately after uprooting proved better over other treatments

Delay in transplanting gradually reduced grain yield

DRR station trial – Kharif 2004-05

Results

CONCLUSIONS

Based on data collected for two seasons, SRI appears to be more promising in terms of grain yield although gains observed were genotype and location specific. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

Research issues to be addressed in SRI:  Preferred plant type characteristics for SRI have not been established in any systematic way.

Delineation of area/zone for SRI adoption based on soil type.

Quantification of water saving in SRI

Role of soil microbial population in yield enhancment and sustainance

DRR

Most Popular Rice Varieties

Pest & Disease Resistance

Pest Varieties

Gall midge Phalguna, Vikram, Triguna, Mahamaya, Kavya, Pavitra, Shakti

BPH Sonasali, Chaitanya, Vajram, Jyoti, Gauri

RTV Vikramarya, Nidhi

BLB Ajaya

Multiple pest resistance

Suraksha, Shaktiman

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