07 - Linepipe Fabrication.pdf

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.Assistant ProfessorFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of [email protected]

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 07: Linepipe Fabrication

2 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 07© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Lecture 06 Objective

To provide an overview of fabrication methods for linepipe


Linepipe Fabrication ConsiderationsLevel of Vendor Integration

Steel mill (making) versus linepipe fabricatorSource material (plate, coil)Pricing contracts

Multiple Sourcing Material QualificationMechanical property specification probably metWelding procedures may require assessment

Ref: JFE (2007)


Steel Making Process

Basic Oxygen ProcessRef: Palmer and King (2004)

Ref: JFE (2007)


Steel Making Process (cont.)

Continuous Slab Casting

Ref: Palmer and King (2004) Ref: JFE (2007)


Linepipe Fabrication MethodsConventional Steel (C-Mn)

Seamless (SMLS)Longitudinal weld

• High Frequency Welded (HFW)• Submerged Arc-Welded (SAWL, DSAWL)

Spiral or helical weld (SAWH)Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA)

SMLS & SAWLElectron Beam Welded (EBW) and Laser Beam Welded (LBW)Multiple Welding Processes (MWP)

FlexibleComposite


Linepipe Fabrication (C-Mn) Ref: DNV (2007)


Linepipe Fabrication Inspection (C-Mn)Ref: DNV (2007)


Seamless LinepipeUse

General offshore due to field joint weldingDimensional Range

Nominal diameter (1″–16″)• 24″

(maximum diameter with cost penalty)Nominal WT (0.075″–2″)

CharacteristicsDimensional tolerance

• Wall thickness (+15%, -12.5%)• Ovality and taper angle• Cost premium for tighter control

Coatings• Surface stress concentration• Steel slivers on grit blasting


Ref: JFE (2007)Seamless Linepipe (cont.)


Longitudinal Weld – HFWUse

LF ERW poor performance (stitching)Water injection and non-critical offshore service

Dimensional RangeNominal diameter (1″–26″)Nominal WT (0.05″–1″)

CharacteristicsDimensional tolerance

• Reduced cost to seamless• Tight dimensional tolerance (e.g. ±5% WT) ⇒ reduced total cost

No welding consumable• Electrical resistance and molten steel

Ref: JFE (2007)


Longitudinal Weld – HFW (cont.) Ref: JFE (2007)


Longitudinal Weld – UOEUse

Larger diameter, higher pressureDimensional Range

Nominal diameter (18″–64″)Nominal WT (0.2″–2″)

CharacteristicsCompetitive with seamless

• 14” to 24” rangeDimensional tolerance

• Wall thickness (+12%, -10% ⇒ ±5%)• Ovality (+1% ⇒ ±0.5%)

Inclusions, defects at plate center• Smaller diameter pipe• Split plates used to form linepipe


Longitudinal Weld – UOE (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)


Longitudinal Weld – UOE (cont.)

Ref: Herynk et al. (2007)


Longitudinal Weld – SpiralUse

Large diameterTanker loading lines (low pressure service)Carrier pipe for bundled lines

Dimensional RangeNominal diameter (16″–100″)Nominal WT (0.15″–1.2″)

CharacteristicsCheaper than UOE

• Similar WT and D toleranceWeld seam potential weakness

• Corrosion• Inspection tool blind spots or skipping


Longitudinal Weld – Spiral (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)


Flexible LinepipeRef: CombinedOps (2005)

Ref: Technip (2007)


Specification Linepipe ParametersKey Rule

Tolerance suits purpose (cost implication)Wall Thickness

Fabrication, service level, cost factorsOperating conditions, corrosion, criticalityInstallation requirements

Joint LengthWelding and installation requirements

StraightnessWelding proceduresInstallation water depth

Linepipe BendsMinimum bend radius (5D to 1D) for pigging tools

Internal CleaningMillscale (oxide) for gas lines


Reading List1. Section 7 – DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV

OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.2. Herynk, M.D., Kyriakides, S., Onoufriou, , A., and Yun, H.D. (2007). Effects of the

UOE/UOC Pipe Manufacturing Processes on Pipe Collapse Pressure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 49, pp.533–553. [2007_Herynk_etal_UOE_UOC.pdf]

3. JFE (2007). JFE Line Pipe. 64p. [2007_JFE_Linepipe.pdf]

4. Technip (2007). Flexible Pipe. 12p. [2007_Technip_Flexible_Pipe.pdf]

5. Tenaris (2005). High Specification Pipeline Products for Shallow, Deep and Ultra- Deepwater. 12p. [2005_Tenaris_High_Specification_Pipeline_Products.pdf]

6. Tenaris (2007). Bends. http://www.tenaris.com/en/ProductsServices/Pipeline/pro_ser_bends.asp [2007_Tenaris_Induction_Bends.pdf]

7. Tenaris (2007). Coating Services. http://www.tenaris.com/en/ProductsServices/Pipeline/pro_ser_coating.asp [2007_Tenaris_Coating_Services.pdf]

8. Tenaris (2007). Coiled Tubes and Seamless Line Pipe with One Supplier, March 2007, 8p. [2007_Tenaris_Coiled_Seamless_Linepipe.pdf]


ReferencesCombinedOps (2005). http://www.combinedops.comDNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.Herynk, M.D., Kyriakides, S., Onoufriou, , A., and Yun, H.D. (2007). Effects of the UOE/UOC Pipe Manufacturing Processes on Pipe Collapse Pressure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,49, pp.533–553.JFE (2007). http://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/products/pipes/octg/location/index.htmlSubsea Pipeline Engineering (2004). A.C. Palmer and R.A. King, ISBN 159370013XTechnip (2007). http://www.technip.com/english/experience/e_offields.htmlTenaris (2007). http://www.tenaris.com/en

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