Date post: | 14-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | akhila-dakshina |
View: | 228 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 36
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
1/36
CPUCentral Processing Unit
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2/36
Central Processing Unit
MicroprocessorThe Chip
The Processor
2
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3/36
CPUs
3
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
4/36
CPU
The brain of a computer system where
calculations and decisions are made
The main part of the computer that
manages, stores, and uses data
A silicon chip which normally contains
millions of transistors
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central processing unit
https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1
4
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU&tbs=dfn:1https://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unithttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=define+central%20processing%20unit7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
5/36
Components of a CPU
Two main components
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Other components
Registers
Cache
etc
5
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
6/36
The unit that performs arithmetic and logic operationssuch as addition, subtraction, shifting operations and
logic instructions (boolean comparisons, such as AND, OR,
XOR, and NOT operations)
ALUs are designed to perform integer calculations.Therefore, besides adding and subtracting, ALUs often
handle the multiplications, since the result is also an
integer
FPU (Floating-Point Unit) ALUs typically do not perform division operations, as the
result may be a fraction, or a "floating point" number.
Instead, division operations are usually handled by the FPU,
which also performs other non-integer calculations
6
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
http://www.techterms.com/definition/fpuhttp://www.techterms.com/definition/fpu7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
7/367
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
8/36
The control unit is basically circuitry inside the CPU,
controlling the operations inside the CPU and
"directing traffic" in a sense. The functions a control
unit performs can depend on the type of CPU, since
the varying degrees of architecture between all the
different CPUs will determine the functions of the
control unit
Handles all processor control signals. It directs all
input and output flow, fetches code for instructions
from microprograms and directs other units and
models by providing control and timing signals
8
Control Unit (CU)
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
9/36
Registers
Local storage space on a CPU that holds data that is being
processed. Registers generally occupy the top-most position in
the memory hierarchy, providing high-speed and fast access
Generally measured in terms of bits to determine the amount
of data they can hold. For example, the two most frequentlyused terms, 32-bitprocessor and 64-bit processor, generally
refer to the size of the register on the processor
Processor registers are normally made of static or dynamic
random access memory (RAM) cells. Static RAM offers faster
access to data than dynamic RAM, which is relatively slow
Categories of Registers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register#Categories_of_registers
9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
10/36
Cache
CPU Cache is a data storage section of a CPU or processor. Its purposeis to "cache" (or "keep in hand") the next set of instructions and data
that is currently needed
Slower than Registers, Faster than Main Memory
Comes in different levels. L1, L2, L3
L3 normally used to found outside the CPU usually in Motherboard of
High End machines (Gaming, Servers etc.). Certain newer CPUs
contain on-die L3 cache
Speed (performance): L1 > L2 > L3
Size (capacity): L1 < L2 < L3
Typical Core I CPU contains
L1 cache 64 kB per core
L2 cache 256 kB per core
L3 cache 1 MB to 8 MB shared
55 10
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cache7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
11/36
CPU Diagrams
11
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
12/36
CPU Vendors
Intel
AMD(Advanced Micro Devices)
12
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
13/36
CPU Vendors
List of Intel microprocessors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors
List of AMD microprocessors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors
Different manufacturers use different CPU architectures
and technologies. Therefore similar CPU related terms
such as Cache may different as well
13
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
14/36
Microarchitecture
The microword definition, data flow, timing
constraints, and precedence constraints that
characterize a given microprogrammed
computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectures#Microarchitectures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectures
14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CPU_architectures7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
15/36
Intel Microarchitectures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor manufacturing processes measured by nanometers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Intel Tick-Tock
Every "tick" is a shrinking of process technology of theprevious microarchitecture and every "tock" is a new
microarchitecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tock
15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
16/36
Intel Microarchitectures
16
MicroarchitectureFabricationprocess
Major CPUs
NetBurst 65 nm Pentium 4
Core 65 nm, 45 nm Core 2
Nehalem 45 nm, 32 nm
Core i3Core i5Core i7
Sandy
Bridge
Sandy Bridge 32 nm
Ivy Bridge 22 nm
HaswellHaswell 22 nm
Broadwell 14 nm
Notable Microarchitectures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBurst_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBurst_(microarchitecture)7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
17/36
Intel Core CPU Generations
Processor Generation of a Core I CPU is a term used to
identify certain CPU families
Instead of using microarchitecture names, simply a
generation name is used
Generation can be determined by the relevant Sub
Microarchitecture Codename or CPU model no.
1stGeneration: Nehalem (~45nm)
2ndGeneration: Sandy Bridge (~32nm)
3rdGeneration: Ivy Bridge (~22nm)
4thGeneration: Haswell (~22nm)
17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
18/36
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Core Generations
18
Generation CPU Model No. Sample
1st Core i# - ### Core i5 - 750
2nd Core i# - 2### Core i5 - 2310
3rd Core i# - 3### Core i5 - 3450
4th Core i# - 4### Core i5 - 4570
CPU Generation or its Microarchitecture Codenamecan be determined by the CPU model no.
Here #is a number. Not a letter
http://ark.intel.com/products/42915http://ark.intel.com/products/53445http://ark.intel.com/products/65511http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/75043http://ark.intel.com/products/65511http://ark.intel.com/products/65511http://ark.intel.com/products/65511http://ark.intel.com/products/65511http://ark.intel.com/products/53445http://ark.intel.com/products/53445http://ark.intel.com/products/53445http://ark.intel.com/products/53445http://ark.intel.com/products/42915http://ark.intel.com/products/42915http://ark.intel.com/products/42915http://ark.intel.com/products/429157/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
19/36
CPU Socket
A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component
that provides mechanical and electrical connections
between a microprocessor and the motherboard
Typically made of plastic. Has a lever or latch and metal
contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU. Manypackages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion
Earlier Sockets had holes, as older CPUs had pins, and
newer sockets have pins as newer CPUs are pin-less
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket
http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/
19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
20/36
CPU Socket
20
Socket Major CPUs
Socket 478 Pentium 4
LGA 775 Core 2 Duo
LGA 1156 Core i3, i5 (1st Gen)
LGA 1155 Core i3, i5 (2nd, 3rd Gen)
LGA 1150 Core i3, i5 (4th Gen)
Notable Intel CPU Sockets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_478http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_2_Duohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1155http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1150http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1150http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1155http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_2_Duohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_4787/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
21/36
CPU Socket
21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM2http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1155http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_4787/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
22/36
Threads
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallestsequence of programmed instructions that can be managed
independently by an operating systemscheduler
Multithreading
Multithreading CPUs have hardware support to efficientlyexecute multiple threads
Hyperthreading
Hyper-Threading Technology or HT Technology is
Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading (SMT)implementation used to improve parallelization of
computations
Here a Logical Core is called as a thread
22
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Threading_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
23/36
Multicore
A multi-core processor is a single computing
component with two or more independent
actual processing units (Physical Cores)
Normally a Core means a Physical Core and a
Thread means a Logical Core
Multicore systems have more than one Cores
Dual-Core and Quad-Core CPUs are common
23
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
24/36
Multicore
Dual-Core
Pentium D
Core 2 Duo
Core i3 Dual Core
Quad-Core
Core 2 Quad
Core i5 Quad Core
Intel's Core i# numbering scheme
o i#-6## and down: dual core
o i#-7## and up: quad core
24
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
25/36
Multicore
Multicore Cache Distribution
25
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
26/36
Multicore
26Multicore Cache Distribution
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
27/36
Processor Types
Server Processors
Desktop Processors Mobile (Notebook) CPUs
CPUs for other Mobile Devices
27
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
28/36
Server Processors
High Speed
Multiple CPUs used
Bigger Cache
Examples
Intel Xeon, AMD Opteron
28
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
29/36
Mobile (Notebook) CPUs
Compared to Desktop CPUs
Smaller Cache
Less Power Consumption
Less Performance
Typically vendors include specialletters like M (for mobile) in notebook
CPUs
29
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
30/36
CPUs for other Mobile Devices
Mobile Devices like Mobile Phones, Tabs use
CPUs
Newer high end devices use Multicore CPUs
Examples
Sony Xperia Z:1.5 GHz quad-core QualcommKrait
Samsung Galaxy S41.2 GHz quad-core Cortex-A7, 1.6 GHz quad-core 1.6 GHz
quad-core Cortex-A15 +
30
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krait_(CPU)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A7_MPCorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex-A15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex-A15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex-A15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex-A15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A7_MPCorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A7_MPCorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A7_MPCorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krait_(CPU)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHz7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
31/36
Future: SoC
A System on a Chip or System on Chip (SoC) is anintegrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of
a computer or other electronic system into a single chip
Integrates almost all components into a single silicon
chip. Along with a CPU, an SoC usually contains a GPU,memory, USB controller, power management circuits,
and wireless radios.
Whereas a CPU cannot function without dozens of other
chips, its possible to build complete computers with just
a single SoC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip
31
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
32/36
SoC (System on a Chip)
SoC vs. CPU CPUs are on the way out. Eventually, SoCs will almost completely
consume CPUs
http://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-
battle-for-the-future-of-computing
32
http://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computinghttp://www.extremetech.com/computing/126235-soc-vs-cpu-the-battle-for-the-future-of-computing7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
33/36
SoC (System on a Chip)
33ARM server SoC: Calxeda EnergyCore ECX-1000 Block Diagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
34/36
CPU: Considerations
Motherboard
Socket
Chipset
34
7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
35/36
More Links and References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_
of_Intel_processors
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=CPU
https://www.google.com/search?q=CPU
35
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Intel_processorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Intel_processorshttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=CPUhttps://www.google.com/search?q=CPUhttps://www.google.com/search?q=CPUhttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=CPUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Intel_processorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Intel_processors7/29/2019 08. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
36/36
Thank You!
Ayubowan!