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Drinking Water and

Sanitation

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Situations in Gujarat

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Fresh water availability

Uneven water availability in the State

Cum/Capita/annum

– India 2,000

– Gujarat 1,137

– South &

Central Gujarat 1,932

– North Gujarat 342

– Saurashtra 734

– Kutch 875

Except South Gujarat, paucity ofwater in rest of the State

Drinking water scarcity felt in almost

2/3rd part of the State

Problems of Drinking Water

•  Long coastline (1600Kms.) & Gulf  –  Salinityingress

• Hills and Low recharge

• Excessive exploitation ofground water

• Recurrent Droughts

• Re-emergence of villagesas not covered or partiallycovered

Seasonal Scarcity

Salinity

Nitrate

Fluoride

As per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Survey 2003-04

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Salinity Affected Villages in Saurashtra-Kutch 

Drought Prone Areas Supply Through Railways

Supply Through TankersQuality Problems  – Fluorosis,Salinity, Nitrate

Problem

Areas

Sardar Sarovar Canal Based Drinking Water Supply Project

Drought proofing of Saurashtra, Kachchh, North Gujarat & Panchmahals

Instances of severe Pollution of Rivers, Lakes and Khadis

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   N  o .  o   f   l  o  c  a   l   b  o   d   i  e  s

Present location of sewage disposal May 2011

on land Into surface water bodies Into ground water bodies Into other water bodies Irrigation & other uses Into oxidation pond

Infrastructure Creation

Sardar Sarovar Dam Intake Structure

Head Works Pumping Machinery

Infrastructure Creation

Filtration Plant Large Dia. PipesSump & ESR

Pipeline Village Storage Stand Post

Systemic innovations for communitization

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Water scarcity

Unprotectedsources

Sourcedevelopment Water security at

Village level

Water Security athabitation level

Water delivery athousehold

Cell Phone Operated Water Supply• Communication technology is

beneficially used for water supply system

by the villagers.

• Easy to switch on/off water supply

system from far away

• In Salatpur village, the community

operates pumps from 8 kms away

• No requirement to keep operator

• Timings of system operation can be

uploaded

• Easy to monitor the status of water

supply system

The value framework of Good Governance

• Financial mgmt byPRIs

• O&M by PRIs

• Stakeholders’

involvement

• Equity

• Proper projectmanagement

• Optimising costs

• Devising properprotocol for O&M

• Capacity buildingof PRIs

• Ensuringavailability of safedrinking water inadequate quantitythroughout theyear

SourceSustainability

SystemSustainability

FinancialSustainability

SocialSustainability

Elements of Sustainability in Drinking water

Supply Water safety Plan 

National Goal

• Drinking Water

 – 55% habitation with piped water by 2017

 – 90% habitation with piped water by 2022

 – 80% habitation with water delivery at household

level by 2022 

• Sanitation (as per Swachh Bharat Mission guidelines)

 – Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019

 – Community managed sanitation systems focusing on

scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems foroverall cleanliness in the rural areas. 

Sanitation

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The term “sanitation” includes 

• Basic sanitation – management of human

faeces at the household level• Food sanitation – hygienic measures for

ensuring food safety

• Environmental sanitation – solid and liquidwaste management, water and wastewatertreatment, industrial waste treatment andnoise and pollution control

• Ecological Sanitation – recycling the nutrientsfrom human and animal wastes

Pathogens fromopen defecation

Leaching

through

soils

Contaminate

groundwater

Seeping

into pits

and low

lying area

Runoff to

surface

water

Open Defecation is dangerous

The inverse relationship of

Sanitation and Health Expenditure

   Q  u  a   l   i   t  y  o   f   S  a  n   i   t  a   t   i  o  n  a  n   d   H  y  g   i  e  n  e

Cost of maintaining Good Health

Open defecation is dangerous

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Open Defecation

is dangerous 

Source: WesNet

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