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8/14/2019 09 AWEA Small Wind Global Market Study
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AWEA Sma W TeGa Maet St
YEAR ENDING 20 08
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Ron Stimmel I Small-Wind Advocate
1501 M St. NW, Suite 1000 I Washington, DC 20005 I Ph: (202) 383-2546 I [email protected] I www.awea.org/small wind
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 1
Tae Ctets
Smma ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Sve Fgs a Aass ........................................................................................................... 4
Cet Maet Stats ............................................................................................................... 4
Gwth Pteta A Pjects ............................................................................................. 6
States ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Pteta Maet Facts (See As The 2008 St) ............................................................... 6
ivestmet .............................................................................................................................. 10
Js ........................................................................................................................................ 10
dspace Ca dxe...................................................................................................... 10bg-Mte Tes ..................................................................................................... 10
Maactg ................................................................................................................................. 11
Maacte Pe ................................................................................................................ 11
Ga dstt Maactes ..................................................................................... 11
Maactg Tes ............................................................................................................. 12
Cmpas t Sa Phtvtacs ............................................................................................... 13
Gwth .................................................................................................................................... 13
Csts ....................................................................................................................................... 14
The Ga Maet .......................................................................................................................... 15The uS Pst ...................................................................................................................... 15
Fee-i Tas ......................................................................................................................... 16
ute kgm ...................................................................................................................... 16
Caaa ................................................................................................................................... 16
respg Maactes............................................................................................................. 17
Methg ................................................................................................................................... 18
bgaph a othe resces ................................................................................................. 19
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2 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 3
US Small WInd market
groWS 78% In 2008Iusy Scus l-t F Iciv
Fis Sic 1985
The uS maet sma w tes thse wth capactes
100 W1 a e gew 78% 2008 wth a ata 17.3
MW stae capact. Ths gwth s age atttae t
cease pvate eqt vestmet that awe maactg
vmes t cease, patca the cmmeca segmet
the maet (sstems 21-100W). The st-agest segmet themaet, eseta (1-10W), was ewse ve vestmet
a maactg ecmes scae, t as sg
eseta eectct pces a a heghtee pc awaeess
the techg a ts atttes.
The st pjects 30- gwth wth as tte as ve
eas, espte a ga ecess, a cmatve uS stae
capact 1,700 MW the e 2013. Mch ths
estmate gwth w e spe the ew eght-ea 30%
eea ivestmet Tax Cet passe Cgess octe
2008 a agmete Fea 2009.
The maet has ecme mate g-cecte ts
a w e cte ths te as these age sstems
ecme me aae.
The uS ctes t cmma gh ha the ga maet
shae a s hme t e-th the 219 ete wwe
maactes. Sma w s st a ace wth the sa
phtvtac st twa g pat pce pe watt-
h pa wth cveta ms eectct a w
th stes ej ea etca eea cetves a
me eve pag e.
o Sisics
80 MW cmatve stae sma-w capact
the uS.
uS maactes saes acct the ga maet.
$160 m tse vestmet was jecte t
18 maactes wwe ve the past thee eas.
At east 219 cmpaes wwe maacte sma
w sstems, 35% whch ae ase the uS.
ist pects a cmatve uS capact 1,700 MW
wth ve eas.
Smma
2008 U.S. Ss 2008 gb Ss
17.3 MW 38.7 MW
78% gwth ve 2007 53% gwth ve 2007
10,500 ts 19,000 ts
$77 m saes $156 m saes
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4 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
CUrrent market StatUS
base a sve eag maactes, 2008 gwth
was age e t the avaat capta a vet,
a the evt maactg ecmes scae.
Pvate eqt vestmet has awe spp t catch p t a
ema that has ee csstet stg ve ecet eas.
bette maacte captazat has e t a cease
pct vmes, saes ces, a techca sppt wth
va cmpaes.
leag extea maet acts ce sg a vate pces
cveta eectct, state cetves, csme ecat,
a a cease pc cce evmeta sses.
despte ec gwth, the eseta (1-10W) a
cmmeca (21-100W) maet segmets shwe a
appxmate 20% wt ate 2008 a ea 2009
e t a a ecmc ecess, t as ecase
tpca saes p-s g wte mths. despte the
p, ea 2009 eseta saes wee st 15-20% hghe
tha ea 2008.
Cmmeca-sect cstmes have ct secg
acg the tpca me expesve tes ths
maet, a have Pwe Pchase Ageemets (PPA)
t e a me attactve acg meth.2 Cmmeca PPAs
eae sesses, schs, gvemets, a ttes t
csme eewae eectct whe avg hgh capta
csts a ss asscate wth wg the geeatg
eqpmet. The PPA me has ee ve ppa the sa
phtvtac (PV) st ecet eas pma ecase
the eea vestmet tax cet ceate the 2005 Eeg
Pc Act pve a a me gees cetve (30% the
tta stae sstem cst) cmmeca appcats tha
eseta, whch was mte t $2,000. Sma w a
sa w ej a g-tem, cappe 30% tax cet th
cmmeca a eseta appcats.
PPAs w e ecme me ppa 2009 as the expae
cetve taes eet a cet emas estcte thght
the ecm.
tb 1. gw by m S
US: Uis, 2008 0-0.9W 1-10W 11-20W 21-100W ts
o-G 6,706 696 0 0 7,402
o-G 0 2,825 72 87 2,984
Ttas 6,706 3,521 72 87 10,386
US: W, 2008 0-0.9W 1-10W 11-20W 21-100W ts
o-G 2,784 980 0 0 3,764
o-G 0 6.619 1,331 5,660 13,610
Ttas 2,784 7,599 1,331 5,660 17,374
W t 2008 Uis W
o-G 13,902 7,536
o-G 4,992 26,065
Tta 18,894 33,601
* Whee cmat was avaae, ths st assmes a tes e 1W, a 90% tes eqa t 1W, ae -g. Sevea mes ca e se ethe - -g appcats.
Sve Fgs a Aass
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 5
On-Grid
Off-Grid
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
kWS
oldinUS
Turbine size range
0-0.9kW
2784
980
6,619
1331
5,660
1-10kW 11-20kW 21-100kW0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
21-100kW11-20kW1-11kW0-0.9kW
2006
2007
2008
NewCapacity(kW)
Turbine Size Range
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Sales ($US x 10,000)kWUnits
14% Growth
78% Growth
73% Growth
FIgUre 1: U.S. Small WInd tUrBIne market, 2008 FIgUre 2: U.S. market Segment groWth
FIgUre 3: groWth oF U.S. Small WInd market
The market has become dominated by grid-connected units
and will likely continue in this trend as these larger systems
become more affordable and available.
The residential and upper-commercial market segments
experienced the sharpest growth in 2008.
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6 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
F a maet segmets, st pects that the eea
vestmet tax cet (see Pteta Maet Facts) w
cte t hep cease pct a the ece
csme csts. The ceatech ecm sect geeahas ee eatve stg thght the ga ecess a
cet css, a sma w s except. Eve amst the
wt, ecmes scae ae egg t tae shape
the st a gwth pjects ae the stgest the
sts 80-ea hst.
groWth PotentIal and ProJeCtIonS
Maactes pect a 30- cease the uS maet
as tte as ve eas, eve e cet ecmc
cts. Pma ves ce the eght-ea 30% eea
vestmet tax cet eacte octe 2008, ecet a
pteta pvate eqt vestmet, a geate eqpmet
maactg capates. Ths gwth pject s mch
greater than the 40-50% annual growth predcted n the 2008
study, and s far beyond the average annual growth of 14-25%
year-over-year growth the ndustry has seen over the past decade.(See also Potental Market Factors and the 2008 AWEA study.)
StateS
i geea, states that e csme cetves at a eve
$2 pe Watt capact geate attact the stgest shae
the sma-w maet. base a sve eseta-
te pves, states wth hghest saes pecetages
2008 wee CA, nV, AZ, or, ny, MA, a oH. new Jese
a Hawa w have ee ae t ths st, sa st
memes, wee t t the sa cmesme
pemttg pcesses whch have sevee estcte the
maets.3 (See as Pteta Maet Facts.)
PotentIal market FaCtorS (S s 2008 suy)
New ederal incentives. o octe 3, 2008 Cgess
passe the Emegec Ecmc Stazat Act 2008,
H.r. 1424, that ces a ew eght-ea, 30% eea-eve
vestmet tax cet (iTC) t hep csmes pchase
qae sma w sstems wth ate capactes 100
watts (W) a ess. The amt ths cet was
stget cappe, hweve, t the passage The
Ameca recve a revestmet Act 2009, H.r. 1,
Fea 17, 2009 whch emve the cst caps. A 30%
iTC s w avaae sma w te csmes
thgh deceme 31, 2016. (F a st the cetves
eettg sma w ctae ths egsat, see
www.awea.g/egsatve/p/AWEA_Smma_ArrA_
Pvss__iteest_t_Sma_W.p. See as the
dataase State icetves reewaes a Ecec
We ste at http://sesa.g.)
tb 2. gi-ti rsii m Pi
2010* 2020**
Hmes wth t 1 ace a 12.0 13.9
Hmes wth >1 ace a 25.2 29.3
Gss pteta me hmes sma w tes 37.2 43.2
net pteta me hmes sma w tes 13.0 15.1
* Ms u.S. hmes cecte t the tt g
**Gwth accg t u.S. Cess bea, Ameca Hsg Sve, 1998.
Appxmate 35% these hmes w have a scet w esce, ee as a u.S. depatmet Eeg w cass 2 ette. T meet the eectca ees a tpca u.S.
hme, a sma w te a meate w egme mst have a t amete 16 t 25 eet a e stae a twe 60 t 150 eet ta. These mess ae stae hmes
sma t szes.
A ata ths tae s tae m the AWEA Sma W Te ist ramap (2002).
New
Cumulative
Megawatts(MW)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
20132012201120102009200820072006
FIgUre 4: U.S. market groWth ProJeCtIonS
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 7
Ths egsat mae the st eea cetve the sma
w st ve 20 eas a pves the st wth
stae, g-tem pc that has hstca ee t each
the eewaes stes. ist memes vae tspassage as a mptat step twa achevg ptca pat
wth sa phtvtacs (PV) st, sma ws maet
ctepat, whch has eje a eea iTC sce 2005.
Sce the eea cetve was t eacte t the e
2008, a t expae t ea 2009, t s e that t
was a pma ve eh the 2008 sge saes.
External investment. See ivestmet, page 10.
Zoning/permitting. P aset ca pemttg pactces
thwat a estmate 1/3 a pteta sma w testaats. uecessa estctve egats, patca
heght mtats, ca mt a tes pctvt, scage
cstmes a vestmet, a epe ca st-eate
sesses m cmmtes. See the 2008 AWEA pemttg
ge, i the Pc iteest: Hw a Wh t Pemt
Sma W Sstems at www.awea.g/smaw/p/
iThePciteest.p.
State policies and incentives. At the state, tt, a ca
eves, pces cte t e agmete a cstat
chagg acss egs a eve cmmtes, as state the maps ave.
Tp state, tt, a ca pc gas the st
cte t e t:
icease the avaat a sze aca cetves,
Steame zg aces at the ca state eve,
Staaze g tecect es a pcees,
a
impemet mpve state/tt et meteg pces.
Gwth t jst saes, t the me maactes,
eaes, staes, spp cha memes, a stavcates has e t a age st pesece at ca eves,
cg pemttg sses t the e a geate me
cmmtes. Wth a estmate 25,000 eet ca zg
jscts the u.S.4, hweve, AWEA a st memes
ae attemptg t aess pemttg chaeges at ae
eves cg at state eve eea eves gvemet.
State a tt csme cetve pgams eewaes,
FIgUre 5: State PolICIeS and InCentIVeS
Maps pepae T Fsth the nata reewae Eeg laat, sg ata m: dSirEuSA
May 2007 November 2008
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$
$
RPS
$
$
l i i l
l i l l i l - l
Residential Small Wind Incentives
www.dsireusa.org
Property Tax Incentives
Buydown/Grants& Net Metering
Buydown /Grants,Net Metering,& Loans
ProductivityIncentives& Loans
Net Metering,Loans & Prod.Incentives
Buydowns/grants Productivity Incentives Minor Incentives
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$ Income Tax Credits
$
$
$
RPS$Puerto Rico $Puerto Rico
$
$
Buydown/Grants
Residential Small Wind Incentives
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
RPS
ProductivityIncentives
Net Metering,Loans & Prod.Incentives
Net Metering& Loans
Net Metering
Loans
Buydown/Grants& Net Metering
Buydown /Grants,Net Metering,& Loans
ProductivityIncentives& Loans
Net Metering,Loans & Prod.Incentives
Buydowns/grants Productivity Incentives Minor Incentives
Buydown/Grants ProductivityIncentives
Net Metering,Loans & Prod.Incentives
Net Metering& Loans
Net Metering
Loans
Property Tax Incentives
$ Income Tax Credits
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8 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
patca sa phtvtacs, have ece ecet eas
e t cstae state a tt gets a the tct
a expas a eea vestmet tax cet (iTC).5 The
same ma cc sma w, whch w ejs a eeaiTC that sme states see as a psse ssttte the w
cetve pgams. ist sees a ee the eea a
state cetves t w ccet athe tha as sstttes
e t have the ese maet stms.
A sma ha states have chse t ece the cetve
eves a pe-pject ass e t ct csts whe assstg
the same ( age) amt csmes. The te s t
vesa, hweve, as the states have chse stea t
expa the cetve pgams wth the hep cease
s thgh the Ameca recve a revestmet Act
2009 passe Fea 2009.6
The economic recession. Shap ps cmmt pces
ate 2008 a ea 2009 have hepe t we the csts
sa phtvtac (PV) ces csea, whch ae ase
the aw matea psc. Pteta csmes have as
ha geate ct secg aae hme mpvemet
as sce the egg the ecess a 2008,
aectg the eseta sma-w maet. Hstca, sma
w has ee csea me cst-cmpettve tha sa
PV a cst pe watt-h ass, t a sge sa
vestmet, a hea-stat eea cetves, a ag
pct csts w e est PV csts at eves me
cmpetetve wth sma w.
Rising electricity prices. reseta eectct pces ae
pjecte t se at aa ates at 1.1% 2009 a
1.8% 2010 a w e ctte t a st sma-
w saes.7 Hghe pevag ates eseta, sta,
a cmmeca eectct mae sma w tes me
cmpettve wth cveta eectct sces a
cemeta-cst ass. itage eets sma w,
sch as pvg a csstet a pectae spp a
cst eectct 20-30 eas, c a t ts vea
vae t csmes.
Utility policies. recet eas have see a sght pwa te
the qatt a qat state/tt et meteg aws a
pactces (see States), t the pc s a m staaze
vesa mpemete.
G tecect es a pcees w as have a
ceasg eect the st as the maet ctes
t sht twa g-cecte sstems. Whe aaze
a cmesme tecect es a pcees
ae thwat staats cmpete, the te mag
staats tme, expese, a cmpext. The nata
Fe Ptect Asscat w e ceate a sect ts
nata Eectc Ce (nEC) specca sma w
Sce: uS depatmet Eeg / Eeg imat Amstat. www.ea.e.gv/
eme/ste/p/gs/Fg21.g
-2%
0%
ChangefromP
riorYear
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
200820062004200220001998
FIgUre 6: U.S. reSIdentIal eleCtrICItY PrICe
Transportation,
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 9
tes ts ext evs 2011. Ths w expct st
eectca saet eqemets sma w tes a
t hep steame g tecect pcesses. Eectca
saet has t hstca pesete a chaege t sma wstaats e exstg nEC egats, t ppets
the avacemet cte a ee t estash sma w
the Ce as a vestmet the sts te a as a
amew gwth.
Installer and equipment certifcation. Pgams ae eag
cmpet t cet sma w te eqpmet a thse
wh sta them the Sma W Cetcat Cc
(SWCC)8 a the nth Ameca ba Cete Eeg
Pacttes (nAbCEP)9, espectve. Whe th pgams
w e vta, maet ces ae e t stttaze
them thght the st. A me states havecate that the pa t mae cetcat a eqemet t
tecect t the eectct g, ta a zg pemt, a/
eceve pc cetve s.
Increased public awareness. Sma w was the sject
10% a mea qes at AWEA 2008 athe ec-
eag ea whe st cmpsg ess tha 1% the w
eeg st ( tems 2008 stae capact). ist
epts that pc expse, whch has ee pemat
pstve, heps t hghght ca pc ees a sts,
geeate csme qes, a peset the techg as
masteam.
Federal renewable electricity standard. legsat s
expecte t e csee aga 2009 that w ceate a
at-we eqemet maj ttes t eve a ceta
pecetage the geeat m eewae sces a
ceta ate. Cae a eewae eectct staa rES,
ths tpe pc cet exsts 28 states a ve 35
ctes a has ceate a sstae maet eewaes
these aeas. depeg hw the pc s stcte, a
rES ma pve a cetve ttes t ecage sma-
scae, cstme-ste eewaes e sma w tes te ae t the geeat mx. F me mat the
rES a the egsat, see www.awea.g/egsatve.
A maj rES s ppse the ecet past w aw
eectct geeate stte eewae geeats,
e sma w sstems, t e cte as thee tmes as
vaae as eectct geeate m cetaze eewaes.
Ths ma pve cetves ttes t w a peate
sma w sstems, t ecage csmes t geeate a
sps eectct, t the evmeta atttes
a cstmes excess geeat the m eewae
eectct cets, rECs.
Federal climate change legislation. Cgess ma cse
egsat the eseeae te that w estash a
ceg, cap, ca xe (Co2) emsss awe
a ecm-we ass. reewae eeg sstems e
sma w tes, whch emt Co2, c ecme me
cst-cmpettve e ths aw.
i e t emt geehse gases wth the cap, ettes
w have t acqe pt awaces, m the eea
gvemet, ethe ee thgh act. Ettes that
eceve awaces t t ee them t set theemsss (ecase the pce tte Co
2) w the
e awe t se the awaces t thes that ee
them. Ths sstem s w as cap-a-tae.
depeg heav the stcte (a passage)
ths egsat, stte eewae eeg geeat
techges e sma w sstems c eet ect
a ect. i the, eea act pcees c e
se t csme cetve pgams, a states a
ttes c eceve cetves the apt pces that
sppt stte eewaes.
AWEA s actve avcatg cmate chage egsat
a that t ces pvss t hep sma w. F me
mat see www.awea.g/egsatve.
Improved resource assessment technology. Aveage
pevag w spee s the sec mst sgcat act
a tes ate et vestmet, eh
aca cetves (see as Csts the 2008 st).
Sevea pvate-sect cmpaes have evepe me
avace techges ecet eas t et gegaphc
egs wth the geatest aveage w spees, a theuS depatmet Eeg eease a Fg opptt
Acemet 2008 cag the evepmet a
csme-e ste aass t t eet stte
w techg.10 These ew ts c hep te sma
w staats e me pctve a e csmes
me pectat the vestmet.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The Ameca recve a
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10 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
revestmet Act, passe Fea 2009, athze $14.4
cetves a as pg- eectc h vehce
(PHEV) csmes a pces.11 Peset oama as
cate hs peseta campag hs ese t have em PHEVs a eectc vehces uS as 2015.12 A
gwg maet ths techg w tase a egee
ema m t the eseta eectct sect, a t
pteta t -ste eewae eectct geeats e sma
w sstems.
Wind-diesel hybrid systems. oe qate tes 50-100
W s 2008 wee se w-ese h appcats
emte cats, patca Aasa a Caaa.
icetves ths appcat tpe ae ceasg the uS
a Caaa, a maactes ths maet segmet te
a peceete se ema.
InVeStment
The past thee eas have ght ve $160 m extea
pvate eqt vestmet t ve 18 maactes wwe,
at ha whch ae uS maactes. Ths vestmet
was a mptat ve the sts ecet gwth.
Te pecet a vete capta the uS s veste the
cea techg sect13 t ctes t av the sa
st, whch eceve $1.8 (ea ha) a vete
g cea techg cmpaes 2008 espte a
ga ecess a a stae cet maet.14
JoBS
The estmate me js asscate wth the w eeg
st, cg sma w, w e eease as pat a
sepaate, cmpehesve AWEA st avaae ate 2009
at www.awea.g.
dISPlaCed CarBon dIoXIde
A sge eseta-scae te spaces the ca xe
(Co2) pce 1.5 aveage cas. The 80MW cmatve
sma-w stae capact the uS tasates t:16
13,300 cas set
9,200 eqvaet me hmes pwee
76,000 ts Co2
space pe ea
BUIldIng-moUnted tUrBIneS
i 2008 appxmate 200 ts wee s t e se
a tp appcats the uS,17 epesetg ess
tha 250W stae capact. Ths me st epesetsess tha 0.002% the uS sma-w maet, t a sght
cease ve the appxmate 100 ts s 2007.
At east 10 uS cmpaes maacte pa t maacte
g-mte mes, a hgh ppt whch ae
vetca-axs cgat.
0
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
200820072006
Tower-Mounted
Urban/Rooftop
FIgUre 9: UrBan rooFtoP tUrBIne market Share
AgricultureWater
Solar
Biofuels
Transportation(including electric
vehicles,
advanced batteries,
fuel cells)
Wind
SmartGrid
(including ethanol,
biodiesel,
synthetic biology,
algae)
FIgUre 8: toP VentUre CaPItal In 2008
Clean Technology Sectors
Sce: Ceatech Gp, llC
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 11
manUFaCtUrer ProFIleAt east 219 cmpaes maacte, pa t maacte,
sma w tes the w. o these:
Sevet- (34%) ae ase the ute States.
At east 36 (14 uS) have eg saes.
At east 45 (21 uS) maacte pa t maacte
vetca-axs sstems.18
A mmm ve maactes (tw uS) ega
saes 2008.
Cpy Cuy W Si 2008
Sthwest Wpwe uS (AZ) 10,000
Pve Eeg lt. uk (Scta) 4,800
nthe Pwe uS (VT) 4,300
Etegt W SstemsCaaa (PE) /
uS (Co)3,500
bege WPwe C. uS (ok) 1,700
Maactg
FIgUre 10: gloBal dIStrIBUtIon oF manUFaCtUrerS
Cuy (nub f mufcus)
uS (66)
Japa (28)
Caaa (23)
uk (18)
Gema (16)
Cha (14)
netheas (7)
Swee (5)
Sth Aca (4)
Spa (4)
ia (3)
Tawa (3)
Fa (2)
Face (2)
isae (2)
ita (2)
rssa (2)
Ageta (1)
Astaa (1)
Asta (1)
dema (1)
ia (1)
kea (1)
Pa (1)
new Zeaa (1)
Swtzea (1)
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12 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
manUFaCtUrIng trendS
Maactg techqes h a e t hghe pct
vmes a we csts. i the a 2008 the uS
depatmet Eeg he tw wshps staehest evep a eseach a evepmet act pa
the w eeg st, cg the sma w te
sect. Staehes ete the wg maactg
ees m a eseach a evepmet pespectve, wth a
veachg cs weg a tes cst eeg:
Efciency
baes: impve ececes m appxmate 32% t
42-45%
Ateats: impve ececes m 65-80% t 90-92%
ivetes: ivetes e ess m mpvemet,
as mst ae ve 90% ecet. Mst vetes se sma w tes ae apte m thse se the
sa phtvtac st, whch has cse heav
mpvg vete ececes ve past ecaes.
Design
Cte t cease swept aea 19 t capte me eeg
whe mmzg esg as. Ths as ma ce the
se ew cmpste mateas a mg pcesses.
rece the me cmpets a sstem.
reseach eat sses petag t ghtg,
cs, eag cat, ateat wg
sat, a eectcs.
Fcs esg maactg techqes.
rece the vea se mateas tems ps
pe Watt.
Mmze the se mvg pats a mechaca g
sstems.impve te pemace w-w cts.
Cse cpatg me techg m tt-scae
tes sch as geaxes, mechaca eas, pw
t esgs, actve aw ct, sta t-ct, a
vaae-ptch aes, t cmmeca-scae (21-100W)
esgs.
Other
Apt avace twe matea esgs t ece
staat tme a cst.
devep pcesses a ts that ca me accate
pect a tes eeg pct at a gve ste.Estash st a we-tae stae/eae etws.
devep avace twe ats t ecease
staat tme.
devep weess a We-ase te pemace
mtg capates t mmze the eqec ste
spects.
Cte t evep a sppt pemace staas,
cetcat, a th-pat eqpmet testg stes.
The evepmet attees a the ms eectct
stage wee eteme t t e a st pt
cs. Maet mmetm s tte heav twa g-te
tes whch esseta se the eectct g as a meas
stage a t cpate attees.20
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 13
See the 2008 AWEA market study for other trends and
comparisons.
groWth
i as tte as thee eas the uS sma w te st
c match the 2007 ec gwth the sa phtvtac
(PV) st tems aa stae capact.
An uncapped, eght-year 30% federal nvestment tax credt
(iTC) s now avalable for both solar PV and small wnd, and
for both commercal and resdental applcatons.21 The federal
government now provdes nearly dentcal ncentves for the two
ndustres, except that the solar tax credt can be used by utltes.
The uS maet saw 292 MW g-te sa PV capact
ae 2008 a cmatve 792 MW. Cheape aw
mateas a mpve maactg pcesses ae weg
pces PV ces a paes, eag ma cmpaes t
pect that sa pwe c ecme cst cmpettve wth
ata gas-ee eectct as ea as 2011.22
Cmpas t Sa Phtvtacs
0
2000
1000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2015 20162014201320122011201020092008
5,700 MW
AnnualU.S.
Installations(MWp
DC)
Year
2,150 MW
1,650 MW
950 MW
Accelerated, Current ITC
Conservative, Current ITC
Accelerated, Reduced ITC
Conservative, Reduced ITC
FIgUre 13 : U.S. InStallatIon ForeCaStS 2008-2016 For Solar PhotoVoltaICS
Sce: navgat Cstg
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
20082007200620052004200320022001
Solar PV
Small Wind
Megawatts(MW)
On-Grid
Off-Grid
Megawatts(MW)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
20082007200620052004200320022001
FIgUre 11 : neW Small WInd VS. Solar PV FIgUre 12: U.S. Solar PV groWth
PV ata sce: la Shew; SEiA 24
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14 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
CoStS
Hgh pces sc-ase mes 2007 a ea 2008
e t cease maactg vestmet that eae hghe
pct vmes. bt ate 2008 ag pces thee cmmtes cppe, amm, a especa sc
(m a ecease ga ema semcct-ase
csme eectcs) este steep cst ects
sa PV pct, a pjecte spp sps, a mch
we csme pces ecaste 2009.25
Sma w sstems ae appxmate 90% stee a
cpate a sgcat amt cppe the geeats
a wg, a ae ths sma sscepte t fctatg
cmmt pces. Stee pces ea e 2008 t
have ppe shap ac t ea-2007 eves as ea
2009. Cppe pces as ppe shap t 2005 eves ate 2008 a ea 2009, e e t the ga ecess
egg that pe.26
A lawece beee nata laat st27 epts that
state cetves hepe psh the stae cst sa pwe
the uS w 28 pecet etwee 1998 a 2007 a that csts
eseta PV ece m $10.50/Watt 1998 t $7.60/Watt 2007. Factg aveage state/tt a eea cetves,
ths aveage pce ps t $5.10/Watt. Cmmeca PV aveage
a pst-cetve $3.80/Watt 2007, a 32% p sce 2001,
age e t the cappe iTC the cmmeca PV sect has
eje sce the Eeg Pc Act 2005.
Pces sma w cte t e we scattee e t
the mes acts aectg staat csts (see Csts
the 2008 st), t te t gavtate etwee $3-6/Watt.
Sma w te staats ae a me cstct-
tesve tha sa PV, whch ate ts maacte s age
a eectca pject. Expag the eea iTC t sma ww e aw ecmes scae t tae eect a pt
wwa pesse stae sma-te csts.
Sce: navgat Cstg 23
FIgUre 14: real modUle PrICeS and annUal gloBal PV InStallatIonS 1993-2008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
2006 20082004200220001998199619941992
MW
Real Module Price (2007 $/W)
2007$/W
Global PV Installations (MW)
iceases ema a pces amm, cppe a sc
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 15
the US PoSItIon
Accg t a 2008 AWEA sve, uS maactes
accte 49% ga sma w saes 2008,
matag the hstca mat pst.28
Expts accte appxmate 28% uS
maactes saes (mease capact), a ecease
m 33% 2007. A vewhemg majt (94%)
ts s the uS 2008 wee pce uS
maactes, thgh ths s a sght ecease m
98% 2007. These tes ma sg a gwg
attactveess the uS maet.
uS state a gvemet cetves have eg t catch
p wth thse the maj te-pcg ctes.
Patca wth a cappe iTC, the uS appeas
pepae t eta a mpve ts maet shae the
ga st.
The Ga Maet
Export
Domestic
2008200720060
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
kW
Rest of World
US Market0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
200820072006
Export
Domestic0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
200820072006
FIgUre 16: U.S. manUFaCtUrerS eXPortS (W)
FIgUre 15: U.S. gloBal market Share (W)
FIgUre 17: U.S. manUFaCtUrerS eXPortSaS a PerCentage oF SaleS (W)
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16 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
Feed-In tarIFFS
A gwg ga te t mpemet ee- tas (FiTs), a
tpe pct-ase aca cetve sma, -ste
eewae geeats, has age escape the uS pcaea t ate.29 A me uS states30 have tce
egsat that w ceate a ves the FiT, t mst
sa PV techg, a as Mach 2009 e has ee
eacte t aw specca t eet sma w sstems.
UnIted kIngdom
F mat at the sma w maet the ute
kgm, see the btsh W Eeg Asscats aa
maet ept at www.wea.cm/sma/ex.htm.
Canada
Mst Caaa pvces w e sme m a et
meteg pc, t a pvces t e Sasatchewa
ac aca cetves sma-w csmes. The
Caaa W Eeg Asscat (CaWEA) pas t
aess ths ee hg a -tme Sma W Avcate
2009 t w t sece eea a pvca cetves
sma w.
Gve the ght cetve cmate, CaWEA estmates that 30%
aa gwth s psse the Caaa maet, patca the cmmeca, w-ese h, a emte/-g
cmmt segmets.
tb 2: F-I tiffs
Cuis wi F-I tiffs
Astaa ita
Asta Japa
Caaa new Zeaa
Cha The netheas
Czech repc Ptga
Geat bta Sth Aca
Face Spa
Gema Swtzea*
Geece Te
iea* uae
isae* uSA
* Specca eets sma w techg.
Sce: Pa Gpe, www.w-ws.g/atces/ee_aws.htm
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 17
Eve e the 219 ete w sma w te
maactes was scte the 2008 AWEA sma w
maactg sve (see as Methg). o these, 44
espe a 36 ha cmmece pct a saes
the e 2008.
mufcu Piy lci
Sthwest Wpwe uS - AZ
bege WPwe uS - ok
W Te istes Cp. uS - Mn
Eeg Mateace Sevce uS - Sd
AeVmet uS - CA
Aat reewae Eeg uS - or
Eath Tes uS - VT
nthe Pwe uS - VT
Maah Pwe uS - nV
Aetecte iteata, ic. uS - il
Eace W Pwe, ic. uS - uT
Evea Etepses uS - Fl
Maqss W Pwe* uS - CA
Vetea uS - Mn
V Techges, ic. uS - CA
Gee Eeg Techges uS - oH
Wat Eeg Sstems uS - CA
Etec Face
isa uk
Gaa-W uk
Gazee W Tes uk
reewae devces uk
mufcu Piy lci
Pve Eeg, lt. uk
Ampa Mcw uk
FtEeg uk
Ga iste Face/Spa
Wec Spa
Aemax Caaa
Te nth Pwe Sstems Caaa
CeaFe Eeg Caaa
Etegt W Sstems Caaa
Wtea Caaa
rEdve, ic. Caaa
Qatm W Caaa
la Cmpstes, lt. Caaa
W Smpct Caaa
Aecatche Gema
Wmss dema
W Eeg Sts Caaa/netheas
ut ia
keste W Tes Sth Aca
Haev Swee
Aveta, lt. Swtzea
Cs W* isae
respg Maactes
* = n ge pct as 3/2009
= AWEA meme as 3/2009
tb 3: rsps 2009 aWea S-Wi mufcu Suvy
Identifed Mrs:
219 (74 US)
Reporting
Mrs: 44
(17 US)
Have Begun
Sales:
36 (14 US)?
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18 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
Methg
A saes ata epte ths st was tae ect mmaactes thgh teephe tevews, e-ma ctact,
th. respses wee cmpae t pevs eas saes as
epte 2007 a 2008 sves.
F ppses estmatg stae capact, ths st
assmes that each te s was as stae a that
the staat cce wth the same caea ea as the
sae. Hweve, epeg the maactes saes cce,
a tes phsca staat ma cc ate the caea
ea whch t s s.
Saes a amts ae ase aveage testae sstem cst, whch ces eqpmet, wg, a
staat. Ths s e t efect the ecmc mpact the
st me cmpete tha eptg the cst the
te a twe, stae. The cst a gve staat
ca va csea gve a me acts (see page
9 the 2008 AWEA Sma W Te Ga Maet St).
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 19
aic Wi ey asscii (aWea)
Sma W Hmepage www.awea.org/smallwind
Ata resces www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox2/
additional_resources.html
aWea S Wi tubi gb m Suis
2008
2007
2007 data Amemet
2005
u.S. Sma W Te ist ramap .
S Picy Ifi
Pces t Pmte Sma W Tes: A Me State
a lca Gvemets. Ameca W Eeg Asscat
2008. www.awea.org/smallwind/pd/Policies_to_Promote_Small_
Wind_Turbines.pd
dataase State icetves reewaes & Ecec
http://dsireusa.org.
bge, Ewas, Fsth, a Wse. Evaatg State
Maets reseta W Sstems: rests m a
Ecmc a Pc Aass T. Evmeta Eeg
Techges dvs a nata reewae Eeg
laat. deceme 2004. http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP.
S Pvic Iusy Ifi
Sa bzz www.solarbuzz.com
Sa Eeg istes Asscat (SEiA) www.seia.org
Ameca Sa Eeg Scet (ASES) www.ases.org
Gae base, Caa Petema, a ra Wse. Tacgthe S: The istae Cst Phtvtacs the u.S. m
19982007. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/lbnl-1516e.pd
u.S Sa ist yea revew 2008. Pmethes isttte
a Sa Eeg istes Asscat. www.seia.org/galleries/
pd/2008_Year_in_Review-small.pd.
Wi rsuc mps
u.S. depatmet Eeg / Eeg Ecec a
reewae Eeg, www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/
windpoweringamerica/wind_maps.asp.
u.S. depatmet Eeg / Eeg Ecec a reewae
Eeg / reewae resce data Cete http://rredc.nrel.
gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps.html.
ua W resce Assessmet
Cace, et a. ua W Tes: Gees Sma
W Tes the bt Evmet. iteget Eeg,
Epe. Fea 2007. www.urbanwind.org/pd/SMALL_WIND_
TURBINES_GUIDE_fnal.pd
Ecat. Wawc W Tas Pject. u.k., 2009.
www.warwickwindtrials.org.uk
r Phps, P bacme, J Aes, M Ct, A Ag-ra
a S Peste. Mc-W Tes ua Evmets:
A Assessmet. brE, nv 30, 2007.
www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=287572.
Ct a Ct Sa Facsc W resce
Assessmet Pject. Caa Eeg Cmmss
Pcat nme: 500-04-066 octe 2004.
www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2004-10-13_500-04-066.pd.
ua W resce Assessmet the uk. iT Pwe
iTP/0875, Fea 2007. www.urban-wind.org/pd/Reports_
UrbanWindResourceAssessment_UK.pd.
Zi Pii
i the Pc iteest: Hw a Wh t Pemt Sma
W Sstems, A Ge State a lca Gvemets.Ameca W Eeg Asscat, 2008. www.awea.org/
smallwind/pd/InThePublicInterest.pd
Gee, Jm a Sag, Mc. Zg dstte W
Pwe: beag dw baes. nata reewae Eeg
laat, Ceece Pape nrEl/CP-500-38167. Agst
2005.
bgaph a othe resces
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20 | AMEriCAn Wind EnErGy ASSoCiATion
Ptt, dama. Tag the re Tape t Gee Pwe: Hw
t ovecme Pemttg ostaces t Sma-Scae dstte
reewae Eeg. netw new Eeg Chces, 2008.
www.newenergychoices.org/uploads/redTape-rep.pd .
Ameca W Eeg Asscat
www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox2/zoning.htm
www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox2/TOOLS/permitting.htm
n mi gi Icci
Haes, rst a Whtae, Chc. Cectg t the G:
A Ge t dstte Geeat itecect isses.
5th E. itestate reewae Eeg Cc, nth Caa
Sa Cete, 2007. www.irecusa.org/fleadmin/user_upload/
ConnectDocs/IC_Guide.pd
Cpe, Chs et a. Feeg the G: Hw Eectve State net
Meteg laws Ca revtze u.S. Eeg Pc. netw
new Eeg Chces, rept 01-06. nveme 2006. www.
newenergychoices.org/uploads/netMetering.pd.
Feeg the G: 2007 Et. netw new
Eeg Chces, rept 02-07. nveme 2007. http://
newenergychoices.org/uploads/FreeingTheGrid2007_report.pd.
Feeg the G: 2008 Et. netw new Eeg
Chces. octe 2008. www.newenergychoices.org/uploads/
FreeingTheGrid2008_report.pd
Ameca W Eeg Asscat
www.awea.org/aq/netbde.htm
www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox2/utilities.htm
www.awea.org/smallwind/toolbox2/grid_connecting.htm
m Ifi
Jee l.Ewas, ra Wse, Ma bge, a T
Fsth, Evaatg state maets eseta w
sstems: rests m a ecmc a pc aass t
(deceme 1, 2004). lawece beee nata laat.
Pape lbnl-56344. http://repositories.cdlib.org/lbnl/LBNL-56344.
Fsth, T, a rhas-Weave, Heathe. ovecmg
Techca a Maet baes dstte W
Appcats: reachg the Masteam. nata reewae
Eeg laat a eFmatve opts, llC. CeecePape nrEl/CP-500-39858. J 2006. www.nrel.gov/docs/
y06osti/39858.pd.
The u.S. Sma W Te ist ramap. Ameca
W Eeg Asscat. Je 2002. www.awea.org/smallwind/
documents/31958.pd.
bWEA Sma W Sstems u.k. Maet rept 2008. btsh
W Eeg Asscat www.bwea.com/pd/small/BWEA_
SWS_UK_Market_Report_2008.pd.
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SMAll Wind TurbinE GlobAl MArkET STudy: 2009 | 21
1 (istae/rate/namepate) Capact: The stataes ate eectctgeeat at a gve w spee. Capact s cmm se t cmpaeszes eectct geeats vas tpes, cg w tes. Capactes t cate the amt eectct a te pces ve tme.
kwatt (W): A mease a ate eectct pct ( csmpt). Aw tes sze (ts pct capact) s tpca mease wattsa epesets the ate at whch the te ca pce eectct at a gvew spee.
F me mat sma w te techg, see www.awea.g/smaw.
2 A PPA s ctact etwee a csme a a cmpa that ws apeates a eeg geeat. The PPA estashes a pce a tme pe whch the geeat we/peat w se eectct t the csme. Thsaagemet pves the csme a pectae, asse eectct pce vea extee pe tme; eem m ss a espstes asscatewth eqpmet weshp; a the at t se eewae eeg wthta age p-t capta vestmet. The PPA pves the geeat we/peat pectae cash fw the vestmet a ceta tax avatages.
3 F me mat pemttg, see i the Pc iteest: Hw a Wht Pemt Sma W Sstems. AWEA, 2008. www.awea.g/smaw
4 Jm Gee a Mc Sag. Zg dstte W Pwe: beagdw baes. nata reewae Eeg laat ceece pape nrEl/CP-50038167.
5 Shag up the reseta PV Maet: impcats recet Chages tthe iTC Ma bge, Gae base, a ra Wse. lawece beeenata laat a the Cea Eeg States Aace. nveme 2008.http://eet..gv/ea/EMS/cases/es-tc-ept.p.
6 Specca, the Massachsetts Techg Caatve, Cectct CeaEeg F, Xce Eeg Ca, a the new Jese ba Pcuttes.
7 Eeg imat Amstat
8 See www.smatecetcat.g
9 See www.acep.g/cetcat/te-cetcats/sma-w
10 See Tpc Aea 2C at https://e-cete.e.gv/ps/ap.s/unid/C53C9A2E58F125848525753000066191/$e/FinAl_FoA_PMC113_1-FoA-Gats_Gv_wth_M005.p
11 See www.pgameca.g
12 baa oama a Je be: new Eeg Ameca. Agst 3, 2008.www.aacama.cm/p/actsheet_eeg_speech_080308.p
13 nathaa Gew . Sa st aces heate ga cmpett.Geewe, Fea 20, 2009.
14 Cea Tech St Szzes as Vete ivestmets C Ca Ca Me.new y Tmes, Jaa 26, 2009. http://ts.gs.tmes.cm/2009/01/26/cea-tech-st-szzes-as-vete-vestmets-c/
15 A we-ste 10W te geeates at 1,090 Wh/mth 12mphaveage ws. i the tes expecte etme 20 eas t ca spaceappxmate 340,000 s. Co2. Each watt-h (Wh) eectctpce the uS ests 1.55 s. Co2 emtte t the atmsphee, aveage, efectg the cet uS eectct pct mx. Sce: uS
depatmet Eeg. The uS Evmeta Ptect Agec estmate 2000 that the aveage passege ca emts 11,450 s. Co2 pe ea.
Aveage aa hme eeg se the uS s 10,565 Wh.
16 See the bgaph me mat a/tp staats.The btsh W Eeg Asscat as tacs the me g-mtesma w sstems stae the ute kgm ts aa sma wsstems maet ept. See www.wea.cm/p/sma/
17 See www.awea.g/aq/vawt.htm me mat vetca-axstes VAWTs.bWEA_SWS_uk_Maet_rept_2008.p.
18 Swept aea s the sace aea a te t, A =r2,whee r s the as the t (.e., the egth e ae).
19 F me mat at g tecect, see www.awea.g/smaw/tx2/g_cectg.htm
20 As ee itea revee Ce sects 48 a 25d, espectve.See www.awea.g/egsatve me mat the tax cet a theegsat.
21 See Sa State the Maet Q3 2008: The rc ra t $100 b.lx reseach, octe 2008. www.xeseachc.cm//sa
22 Ecmc impacts Exteg Feea Sa Tax Cets. navgatCstg, Septeme 2008. http://sea.g/gaees/p/navgat%20Cstg%20rept%209.15.08.p
23 uS Sa ist yea revew 2008. Sa Eeg istesAsscat. http://sea.g/gaees/p/2008_yea__revew-sma.p
24 nathaa Gew . Sa st aces heate ga cmpett.Geewe, Fea 20, 2009.
25 See www.me.cm a www.meps.c..
26 ra Wse, Gae base, a Caa Petema. Tacg the S: Theistae Cst Phtvtacs the u.S. m 1998-2007. lawece beeenata laat ept lbnl-1516E, Fea 2009. http://eet..gv/ea/emp/epts/-1516e.p
27 The estmate uS ga maet shae ma e smewhat fate ecase 26 145 ete eg maactes espe t the AWEA maetsve. Hweve, these 26 maactes ae eeve t epeset the the eg maet. Cece maet shae tes ve the past thee eass eatve hgh ecase geea the same set maactes esps tthe AWEA sve.
28 A FiT sma, stte geeat ws smewhat e the evese areewae Eectct Staa that t estashes a set pce at whch a ttpchases eectct m a eewae geeat, sch as a sma w sstem,
a ets maet ces ajst the amt eeg pce (spp) aema accg. ue p-t eates a tax cets, ths pc s ase tpt (cets/Wh) athe tha te sze (W), a theee ewaspemace. A e et meteg, a eectct geeate t jst theexcess s set t the g a awae pamet m the tt at a pceave ega eta eectct ates.
29 See www.w-ws.g/Feelaws/uSA/uSAlst.htm#uSA
Etes
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