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Map of Peru with some major sites marked

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Pair of Lambayeque (Sicán) gold beakers in the form of inverted deity heads, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, Height = 7 7/8 in. (20 cm)

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Illustrations from Guaman Poma de Ayala, El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, c. 1615

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Lambayeque (Sicán), some of the nearly 200 gold beakers from a tomb at Huaca El Corte, Batán Grande, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, Height of largest beaker = 10 ¼ in. (26 cm)

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Aerial view of some of the over 100,000 looters’ pits that pockmark Batán Grande

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Lambayeque mask, repoussé gold with traces of copper and cinnabar, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE

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Lambayeque mask, repoussé gold with traces of copper and cinnabar, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, Width = 19 ½ in. (49.5 cm)

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Gold mask and headdress ornaments excavated from a tomb in Huaca Loro, Batán Grande, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, Width of mask = 18.1 in. (46 cm)

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Lambayeque ceremonial knives (tumi), Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, gold, silver, and turquoise Left: Height = 14 ¼ in. (36.2 cm) Right: Height = 13 in. (33 cm)

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Pair of gold ear ornaments, Lambayeque, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE, Diameter of each = 3 ½ in. (6.1 cm)

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Lambayeque ceramics, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1100 CE Left: Spouted bottle with strap handle, Height = 6 ½ in. (16.5 cm) Right: Double-spout and bridge vessel, Height = 8 in. (20.3 cm)

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Chimú stirrup-spout vessels, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: Height = 8 ¾ in. (22.2 cm) Right: Height = 11 1/8 in. (28 ¼ cm)

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Chimú vessels made from silver, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: Height = 9 ¼ in. (23.5 cm) Right: Height = 8 ¼ in. (21 cm)

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Chan Chan Left: Aerial view of the city Right: Plan of the city with ciudadelas shaded and named

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Plan of typical ciudadela, Chan Chan, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE

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Tschudi Ciudadela, Chan Chan, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Top Left: Passageway Bottom Right: Main Plaza

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Tschudi Ciudadela, Chan Chan, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Top Left: view of eroded walls with lattice structures Top Right: Walk-in well Bottom: Chamber with wall niches

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Reconstructed adobe walls of Tschudi ciudadela, Chan Chan, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE

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Details of adobe friezes from Tschudi Ciudadela, Chan Chan, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE

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Details of adobe friezes from Chan Chan

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Chimú, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: Discontinuous warp-weft textile, 82 x 63 7/8 in. (162.2 x 208.3 cm) Right: Frieze from Gran Chimú Ciudadela

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Chimú tapestry tunic, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE, Width = 44 ½ in. (113 cm)

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Chimú tunic with applied silver plaques and feathers, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE

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Chimú featherwork, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: crown, height = 10 ¼ in. (26 cm) Right: tunic, height = 25 in. (63.5 cm)

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Chancay culture, Central Coast, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Openwork cotton textile with birds and snakes 30 x 30 3/8 in. (76 ¼ x 77 ½ cm)

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Chancay, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: Detail of a tapestry woven textile Center: Cloth sculpture of a woman, height = 12 in. (30.5 cm) Right: Cloth sculpture of a weaver instructing her daughter, height = 12 5/8 in. (32 cm)

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Chancay ceramic figures, Late Intermediate Period, c. 1100 – 1450 CE Left: Height = 18 ¼ in. (46.3 cm)

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Map of Cajamarca with Chachapoyas sites indicated

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Kuelap, Chachapoyas culture, Northern Highlands of Peru, Late Intermediate Period, c. 900 – 1450 CE, Length = 680 m (2,231 ft.) Top Left: Plan of site Bottom Left: Aerial photograph of site Top Right: View down onto main entrance Bottom Right: View of fortification wall

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Reconstructed circular structure among ruins of neighboring strucutres, Kuelap

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Exterior (left) and interior (right) views of El Tintero, Kuelap, Chachapoyas

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Kuelap, Chachapoyas Top Left & Right: Stones with reliefs Bottom: Building wall with mosaic stone work

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Gran Pajatén, Chachapoyas culture, Northern Highlands of Peru, Late Horizon, c. 1400 – 1550 CE Top & Bottom Left: Examples of mosaic masonry from exterior of circular structures Top Right: Reconstruction drawing of Structure 1, diameter = 13 meters (42 2/3 ft.) Bottom Right: Plan of site

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Los Pinchudos, a cliff-side tomb near Gran Pajatén with six wooden figures hanging from the cornice

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Chachapoyas cliff burials

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