09 Multiphase Systems_2014B

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Multiphase SystemsContaining a Single

Condensable Component

PROC 2077 Chemical Engineering Fundamentals

Dr Rajneet Rosey aur

Reference (Prescribed Text):

Felder and Rousseau! Elementary Principles o" Chemical Processes! #rd Ed! 200$! %ohn &iley


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RM'( )ni*ersity+20,, 'n"ormation (echnology Ser*ices 2


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RM'( )ni*ersity+20,, 'n"ormation (echnology Ser*ices #


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RM'( )ni*ersity+20,, 'n"ormation (echnology Ser*ices -


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RM'( )ni*ersity+20,, 'n"ormation (echnology Ser*ices $

Methods of estimating vapour pressures

,. Clausius/Clapeyron euation

2. Co1 Chart

#. ntoine Euation


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RM'( )ni*ersity+20,, 'n"ormation (echnology Ser*ices 3


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Important



!ote: This version of the "ntoine #$uation is to be used in this course%


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!ote: This alternative version of the "ntoine #$uation is

for &our information onl&%


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'n Class E1amples


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#xample ': se of "ntoine #$uation

la6oratory e1periment reuires ethanol *apour to 6e supplied at 0.5

atm pressure.a8 Sho9 that the *apour pressure e1erted 6y liuid ethanol at room

temperature o" 22°C is not su""icient "or the e1periment.

68 (he la6oratory assistant has suggested that you immerse a

cylinder containing liuid ethanol in a heated 9ater 6ath. (o 9hat

temperature should the heater 6e set to pro*ide the reuired*apour pressure:

"ntoine #$uation:

#thanol (C*+,):

F;R! (a6le 4.,,220! < > ,$52.43-! C> 223.,4-

,3

( )* *

10log , , B

p A p in mmHg T in C T C

= − °+


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Since this is less than 0.9 atm, which was required, it’s not

sufficient for the experiment.

(a)

()

atm P 0!"1.0mm#g$!0

atm1mm#g%".%9* ==

( )1&%.''!''

&!%.1"9'11''0.&*)(log10

+−= P

mmHg atm

mmHg atm P !&%

1

$!09.0* ==

( )1&%.''!&!%.1"9'11''0.&)!&%(log10 +

−=T

C T °= $.$"


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#xample : -apour Pressure #stimation using

various techni$ues

a8 (he "ntoine e$uation and constants "rom (a6le


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a) he Antoine equation and constants from ale .%+

or -thl /cetate

he /ntoine constants are

/ $.09&0&

1'2&.$10

3 '1$.0

( ) 2$0.''1$%"

$1.1'2&09&0&.$*log10 =+

−= p

Hg mm p ".'2%10* 2$0.' ==⇒


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) he Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the two gi4en data points

BT R

H p v +

∆−=

15*ln

1'

11

*

1

*

' )6ln(5

T T

v p p

R

H

−=

∆−⇒

7 9.%1%9)2.11&6$!0ln(

7 )1".'$2".'9(1

7 )1".'$20.$$(1 −=−= ++

%9.1&)1".'$2".'9(

9.%1%9)2.11&ln(

65)ln(

1

*

1 =++=

∆+=

K

K

T

R H p B v

%9.1&)1".'$2%"(

9.%1%9)3%"( pln * ++

−=

mm#g"'.'2' p* =⇒

mmHg pC T

mmHg pC T

$!0,0.$$

2.11&,".'9

*

''

*

11

=°=

=°=


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2,

c) Linear interpolation between the two given points.

(x1, 1) (x', ')

('9." 83, 11&.2 mm#g) ($$.0 83, $!0 mm#g)

inear :nterpolation ( )11'

1'1 xx

xx

−

−−

+=

( )3".'93%"3".'93$$

mm#g2.11&mm#g$!0mm#g2.11& °−°

°−°−

+=

mm#g$0.2'$ p * 3%" == °


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22

d) a;ing the first estimate to e correct, calculate the

percentage error associated with the second and third

estimates.

error


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Multicomponent as/iuidSytems

PROC 2077 Chemical Engineering Fundamentals

Dr Rajneet Rosey aur

Reference (Prescribed Text):

Felder and Rousseau! Elementary Principles o" Chemical Processes! #rd Ed! 200$! %ohn &iley


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-apour./i$uid #$uilibrium (-/#)

a) 0ubble point temperature: temperature at 9hich the"irst *apour 6u66le "orms at constant pressure

b) 1e2 point temperature: temperature at 9hich the "irst

liuid droplet "orms at constant pressure

c) 0ubble point pressure: pressure at 9hich the "irst*apour "orms 9hen a liuid is decompressed at constant

temperature

d) 1e2 point pressure: pressure at 9hich the "irst liuid

droplet "orms at constant temperature

2-


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Tx& and Px& diagrams for a binar& mixture

2$


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Txy and Pxy diagrams "or 0en3ene.Toluene system

23

4igure +56.' (p5 +)


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De9 Point Calculations using (1y Diagram

E1ample 3.-/$ p2328

)sing the (1y diagram! estimate the de2 point temperature and the

euili6rium liuid composition associated 9ith a *apour mi1ture o" 6enene andtoluene containing -0 mole 6enene at , atm. '" condensation proceeds until

the remaining *apour contains 30 6enene! 9hat is the "inal temperature:

24

Initial conditions:

7hen &0

8 9569:

Tdp 8 '9


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,. Should read e1ample 3.-/# p2308 on


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+5+: #$uilibrium bet2een /i$uid Phases

#0


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School o" Ci*il! En*ironmental and Chemical Engineering #,

+5+: #$uilibrium bet2een /i$uid Phases

Single.phase region

T2o.phase region


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7ater."cetone.Meth&l Isobut&l @etone composition in 9t8 at 2$BC.

#2

4igure +5+.' (p5

=6)

& t E o " 2

c e t o n e

& t E

o " M

'


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##

7hat are the composition of "cetoneA 7ater and MI0@ at points @A M

and !B

Point @:

cetone > 3$ 9tM' 20 9t

&ater > ,$ 9t

(otal > ,00 9t

Point !:

cetone > 20 9t

M' 73 9t

&ater > - 9t

(otal > ,00 9t

Point M:

cetone > ,$ 9t

M' #0 9t

&ater > $$ 9t

(otal > ,00 9t

Point /:

cetone > ,2 9t

M' # 9t

&ater > 4$ 9t

(otal > ,00 9t


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In Class #xample

mi1ture o" 9 2t 2ater ! >> acetone! and the remainder methyl iso6utyl

@etone MI0@8 is 6rought to euili6rium at 2$BC. '" the total mass o" the system

is '5 Dg! use the data in 4igure +5+.' to estimate the composition and mass o"each phase o" the mi1ture.

#-

4igure +5+.'

Point

20 9t 9ater

## 9t cetone

-7 9t M'


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