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09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 2
SEED-BEARING PLANTS (Spermatophytes):
• Four Phyla of Kingdom Plantae Phylum Angiospermae = flowering
plants Phylum Coniferophyta = conifers Phylum Ginkgophyta = ginkgos Phylum Cycadophyta = cycads
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 3
Seeds
• Advantages• Contains multicellular
embryo, ready to grow.
• Contains food supply to nourish germinating young plant.
• Seed coat • resistant to drying, heat,
freezing, acids, etc.
• seeds can remain dormant until conditions favorable
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 4
Seeds
• Disadvantage• Large, expensive to
produce • energy, matter
• Seed plant can only make 100’s per season
(Spore-dispersed plants can make millions of spores.)
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 6
Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants
• Flower• sporophylls: sepals,
petals, stamens, carpel• Anther on stamen
produces microspores (meiosis) male gametophytes = pollen grains
• Ovule in ovary in carpel produces megaspore(s) female gametophyte = "embryo sac" in ovule
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 7
Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants
• Double fertilization
• Zygote + endosperm tissue of embryo.
• Text Figure 25-10
• Female gametophyte completely enclosed in ovary• Phylum “Angiospermae”
= covered seed
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 8
Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants
• Fruit developed from ovary.
• Embryo completely enclosed in fruit; • Seed coat develops from ovule (mother sporophyte)
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 10
Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants
• ? Vascular tissue (xylem, phloem), • as in other vascular plants.
• ? Seeds, as in other seed plants.• ? Flowers• Ovary: safe enclosure for embryo• Petals (& sepals) attract pollinators
• also nectar & odors
• But, many are wind pollinated
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 11
Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants
• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Dehiscence (pods,
follicles, capsules, etc.)• Dry and burst scattering
seeds.
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 12
Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants
• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Sweet, fleshy fruits
(pome, drupe, berry, aggregate)
• Animal dispersal (mammals, birds, reptiles, some fish)
• Nuts• Planted by squirrels, etc.
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 13
Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants
• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Wind and Water
dispersal• Achenes with
parachutes, samaras
• Cling to fur, feathers• Hooks, barbs, glue
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 14
Phylum Angiospermae
• Class Eudicots• abbreviation of Eudicotyledonae
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 15
Phylum Angiospermae
• Class Monocots• abbreviation of Monocotyledonae
09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 16
Orders of EudicotsOrders of Monocots
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~apennima/Diversity/classification.htm