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CellsandTissuesSequenceMedicalHistology
Epithelium
Fall,2008
[Fr.Tissu,woven;L.texo,toweave]
Atissueisanorganizedaggregationofcellsorgroupsofcellsthatfunctioninacoordinatedmannertoperformoneormorespecificfunctions.Tissuescombinetoformlargerfunctionalunits,calledORGANS.Thus,thetissuesarethebasicfunctionalunitsresponsibleformaintainingbodyfunctions.
Tissues
BASICTISSUES
EpitheliumConnectivetissue
MuscleNervoustissue
Blood
Epitheliumisacohesivesheetofcellsthat:1.Coverstheexternalsurfaceandlinestheinternalsurfaceofthebody.– Protection(bywithstandingwearandtear,fromhydrationanddehydration)
– Transport(i.e.O2andC02)– SelectiveAbsorption:(Controlthemovementofsubstancesbetweentheoutsideenvironmentandtheinternalcompartmentsinthebody.)
– Secretion(secretorycells)
2.Formsendocrineandexocrinesecretoryglands.
duct
Secretoryportion
Junquueira&Carneiro10thEd.P.82
Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed. P. 82
EpithelialliningcellsofSkinIntestine
Multiplelayersofflat(squamous)cells Singlelayeroftall(columnar)cellsMichigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains.3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains.3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
ClassificationofEpithelium
(Pseudostratified)
columnar(Respiratory)
Ross/Romrell p. 53
PseudostratifiedEpithelium
Kierszenbaum p.6
Simplesquamousepithelium:endotheliumandmesothelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4
Endothelium/Mesothelium(SimpleSquamousEpithelium)
Source Undetermined
SimpleCuboidalEpithelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4
SimpleColumnarEpithelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4 Source Undetermined
Simplecolumnarepitheliumliningthegutlumen
lumen
Twolayersofsmoothmuscleon
thewallGray’s Anatomy, wikimedia commons
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School
ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations-1StriatedBorder(Microvilli)
G
G:gobletcell
G
Sources Undetermined
Microvilli(Coreofactinfilaments)
Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608
Source Undetermined
ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations–2CiliaontheRespiratoryEpithelialCells
Kierszenbaum p.6
Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition.
Ciliacoreofmicrotubulesin9+2arrangement(axoneme)
cilia
BasalbodiesGobletcells
RespiratoryepitheliumMichigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Source Undetermined
9+2(Axoneme)
Ross
Dyneinisresponsibleforthesliding.
Alberts et. Al; p 648
Rossetal.,4thed.P.94
DyneinDefectsinImmotileCilia
Source Undetermined
MicrovilliandciliaMicrovilli
Cilia
Sources Undetermined
StratifiedSquamousEpitheliumnon-keratinizedkeratinized
Kierszenbaum pg 5 Kierszenbaum pg 5
StratifiedSquamousEpithelium
Non-keratinized Keratinized
Linesesophagus,oralcavity,vagina… Linesthickandthinskin
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
TransitionalEpithelium(urothelium)
Kierszenbaum pg 6
TransitionalEpithelium(urothelium)
Linestheurinarytract,ureter,bladderandurethra
Source Undetermined
Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
Whatstructuresholdthecellstogetherandattachesthe
epitheliumtotheconnectivetissue?
Ans.Intercellularjunctions
Basementmembrane(basallamina)
Source Undetermined
Maculaadherens(desmosomes)andIntermediateFilaments
Source Undetermined
MaculaAdherens(desmosome)
Source Undetermined
Boumphreyfr,WikimediaCommons(adapted)
Desmocollins
CellMembranes
Tonofilaments(Keratin
IntermediateFilaments)
IntercellularSpace
Adhesionplaque
(plakoglobin,desmoplakins)
Cell1 Cell2
DesmosomesandIntermediateFilamentsDesmosomesserveas:
1.Spotattachmentsitesforadjacentcellmembranes.
2.Anchoringsitesforintermediatefilaments.
Alberts et al., p. 802
Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008
Basementmembrane(basallamina)
Hemidesmosomesfunctiontoanchorepithelialcellstotheconnectivetissueviabasementmembrane(basallamina).
Source Undetermined Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
LossofdesmosomefunctionscauseBlisteringSkinDisorders
Pemphigus:Separationofepidermalcellsfromeachother(acantholysis)causedbylossofdesmosomefunctions.
Bullouspemphigoid:Separationofepidermisfromthedermisduetoblisteringinthebasementmembranecausedbylossofanchoringfilamentsandhemidesmosomes.
Source Undetermined
IntercellularJunctionsJunctionalComplex
Sources Undetermined
Zonulaadherens(intermediatejunction)
Darnell, et. al., p.608 Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
ZonulaadherensMaculaadherens• Intermediatejunction• Adheringjunction• Cadherins• Linkedtoactinfilaments• Adhesionbelt
• Desmosome• Adheringjunction• Cadherins• Linkedtointermediatefilaments• Spotadheringjunction
ZonulaOccludens(TightJunction)
servesasaSelectivePermeabilityBarrier
Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82
Source Undetermined
Zonulaoccludens(tightjunction)
Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5
Freeze-fracturepreparation
Alberts et al., p. 795
BloomandFawcettp.67
Nexus(gapJunction)-communicatingjunction
SixConnexinsubunitsassembletoformaConnexon.
Alberts et al., p. 802 Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
GapJunction
Sources Undetermined
Epithelialcells:1. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains2. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellularjunctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p.52
EpitheliumTypes-simple&stratified(pseudostratified)ApicalcellsurfacespecializationsMicrovilli-actinfilamentsCilia-microtubules(dyneins)
IntercellularjunctionsZonulaoccludens(tightjunction)-ridgesandgrooves, sealintercellularspaces-SelectivepermeabilitybarrierZonulaadherens-actinfilaments-celltocelladhesionMaculaadherens(desmosome)-intermediatefilaments -attachmentplaque(spot)Hemidesmosome-attachesepitheliumtobasallaminaNexus(gapjunction)-connexons-celltocell communication
EpithelialcellsformSecretoryGlands
Glands:GroupingsofcellsspecializedforsecretionSecretionistheprocessbywhichsmallmoleculesaretakenupandtransformed,byintracellularbiosynthesis,intoamorecomplexproductthatisthenactivelyreleasedfromthecell.Exocrine(ducts)andendocrine(ductless)glands
SecretoryEpithelialcells
Source Undetermined
DevelopmentofEndocrineandExocrineGlands
Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82
SecretoryUnitsandGlandularCells
Kim, S.K.
Image of secretory units and glandular
cells removed
TwoSecretoryPathways
Exocytosis
RegulatedSecretion:Secretorygranulesaccumulateincellsandthegranulecontentisreleasedbyexocytosisuponstimulation.
ConstitutiveSecretion:Thesecretoryproductisnotconcentratedintogranulesbutisreleasedcontinuouslyinsmallvesicles.
Kim, S.K.
LearningObjectivesAftertoday’ssession,thestudentsareexpectedto:
1. Beabletoclassifyepitheliaandidentifyeachtype.2. Recognizefourtypesofintercellularjunctionsandhemidesmosomesattheelectronmicroscopelevelandknowtheirfunctions.
3. Identifytheapicalspecializationsandknowtheirfunctions.
4. Beabletocorrelatedifferenttypesofepitheliatotheirfunctionsandknowwhereinthebodyeachtypeoccurs.
5. Knowhowspecializedandnon-specializedepithelialcellsarerenewed.
6. Knowhowexocrineandendocrineglandsformandbeabletorecognizesecretorycells.
AdditionalSourceInformationformoreinformationsee:http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Slide 6: Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed., pg 82
Slide 7: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Slide 8: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 9: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 10: Ross/Romrell p.53
Slide 11: Kierszenbaum p.6
Slide 12: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 13: Source Undetermined
Slide 14: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 15: Source Undetermined; Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection;
Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 16: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Gray’s Anatomy,
Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray1056.png
Slide 17: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 18: Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608; Source Undetermined
Slide 19: Kierszenbaum p.6; K. Verhey
Slide 20: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined
Slide 21: Ross
Slide 22: Rossetal.,4thed.P.94;Ross; Alberts et al., pg 648
Slide 23: Source Undetermined
Slide 24: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 25: Kierszenbaum; Kierszenbaum
Slide 26: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Slide 27: Kierszenbaum, pg 6
Slide 28: Source Undetermined
Slide 29: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 30: Source Undetermined
Slide 31: Source Undetermined
Slide 32: Source Undetermined; CC BY Boumphreyfr,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_junctions.png, CC:BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Slide 33: Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008; Alberts et al., p. 802
Slide 34: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined
Slide 35: Source Undetermined
Slide 36: Source Undetermined
Slide 37: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adherens_Junctions_structural_proteins.svg; Darnell, et. al.,
p.608
Slide 39: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cellular_tight_junction_en.svg; Source Undetermined;
Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82
Slide 40:Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5;
Slide 41: Alberts et al., p. 795; Bloom and Fawcett p. 67
Slide 42: Alberts et al., p. 802;
Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gap_cell_junction_en.svg
Slide 43: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 44: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 47: Source Undetermined
Slide 48: Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82
Slide 49: Sun-Kee Kim
Slide 50: Sun-Kee Kim