09_WEBER Economy and Society

7/27/2019 09_WEBER Economy and Society

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Eited by Guenther Roh

and Cls Wtic

Uerity of Calioi PrssBkeley. L"Ag ondo

,

-Max Wber


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u_ " "dAo. aU csLt LdO. d prng t@ 97 Th Re the Unvy o Cafoa1St prtng Cpgt@ 196 bl:P oa New Yklrgt o p of thi k may b e O tante n n y ymS,on o m Dcdg potng ing o y !nyftion stog d ete . wo on n wringf the puihers Gs

0t N: 7413N 5282- (Co)

23 )

Ud ofA2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y ad S ransaton o Max Wer Wtft und Geses4t.dss d vtehe, Sozo 4h Gean dtion ohannWnelnn (d), Tbn J. C. B Mhr (P Sk) 956 pp I-SO,H2 as d in e 1964 abk ei (K&n: Kinbeer &Wch) wit apni f

MaWer, 8lie Aft Wsse-hehe, 2nd r. eiti John Wnckeann 0 Tbngn: J. C B.

Moh (Paul Sieck), 9, p. 6 (le g), n Max Wee5mmete ptche Sch 2nd xpaned tio Johann Wklann )Tnen: J C B Mohr (Pau Sck) 98, pp 2994'e v m E2O has bet th Uo Co s y hd_ rg, J C B Mo (u kn

The Engsh tex i (w ns d w addon o nes matprosy publis and pyrgh y t pbs:

Beo Pr;Ephrm Fsco, tns The Silgy Relg (o B , 96)p 1-274 pygh I3 by a P Repnd y ane whacon PrssOxd Uvsty Prss:Hns Geh a C Writ Mls ns. nd s F Ma Webe: Essy o (ew Yrk Ood Univsy s, 946) "9244, 2526 py gh 9 y Oxd Unty Pres, nc. Bih mmwlt g y ouleged egn Paul td epn y ion

Th Fee s eoenand oa ans, The Houhod Cmunit" nd Ethni G nTacot Parons et a, e Thee f Sy (ew Yor Th r P en91) voL pp 296-29 09 Copyigt I y he Pes of GenRprnt by sson.Tt Pns d. (A M Hdern nd T arns t), TJ Theoy o iM Eo Orazation (New Y: The Free s o Glen 964; inysh by Oxfd Unty Pss 194), p 87-423 pyg 1947 by TheFre Pss of Glen Rpd y sonHrd Uvst PeMx Resin e (wd Shls and Max Rhens s), M We L and ety (20th L Pph Ss, Vo. V C-, Mass Har Univet Pr 1954), pp II-348. pyght 9"4 by hePiden an Fellows of Ha ge_ Reprte by ninnence u thes is o he ngs ntion s dcd to eave phe S dits preface o els t th aion in i etion


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CHAPTER I I

T H E T Y P E S O F L E G I T I M A T E

D O M I N A T O

The Bsis

Lgiimacy

D d e

Doon ws de ave h 1:6) th bly hatr si6 omad (or-all mmand) wl b oy y a vegro of ons I hu d lde every ng" o "nee rsons om aoy th nse mayb o t dvee < :lhe way fo smpe habao t the m y rt co o vantage Hee evy ue fo of domao mla mim of volay oma ha s, a int outmoves o geue c) o

N c o doaO oo d_&ways have oom obj owev e o a sdble m Ur a . . ha , a ' oP whh yb t h

; al y wel he ma T m of thmve s may b on er (o ro by t by by a y al x of

[:U2]


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i J\

The Ba o \

inter, o;'by da (wetaoal) motves e qlty of these m agly detenn the t of domnaon. Pr matea nteand alu1aois of advanges s the bass of slidry bn te chf

and h adminsave st rlt, n this as n oter conneons, n aavely ustale stton. Noally othe elemen, aaJ andd uppement suh nter n certain eceonal s the fomeraone may b dsve In eveyday lfe the relaonhips, e other gove by cusm and terial calclation of advang But cs-tom sonal avtg, y a or d mov of soldaydo not fo a seny ble bss fo a gven doinaon. In adon here noay a th t the ef in lgtm.

Exiene how that n no nstane d donaon luarlylit elf to he al to material or a o mov as a bfor i connuance. In addion eve such sytm attem to tab to ulvate the ef n legimay Bt acong to the nd oflgmacy which is clamd, the ty f oence the nd of admnis-at s devlo gaantee t and the me of xeisng athotywil all dir undamenlly quay fundamental te vaiaon net Hen t s uul lai the of domnaon ang

te ind of aim to legcy tyy made byec.

n dong ths it s t to strt m me and theo mor famia pl Te hoce s ther hn e other bass o asfct

oly b just by ru. The t hat her typcacea o vrto ae hey neg o te bing and ny b nu at a la tage s n ds ity The e o a o hs r o ta my "e g- ny th e a te pr

Not ever ca whih pr y O aw $Idbk o s nvog o o ay he wk h a f f e wd g au- over h h on ero a Alh ts h o a co ahp wh p, n whh he gh"t ve y A th e o hy a-h () ny d n e pib-ty ha hs o y coT te o e

k o e p e worker as efes g e wk p; d teath 0 Iwo ey oft. T


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'

H LM D [ Ch.

frey egned and even the status of subject n ofte b reelyenteed no and (in certn crcumsances) freely repudated. Only ithe mtg case o te save s fma subection o autority aboueynvolutary

On e oher hand we shall not speak o foma domaion f amonopostic posito pmts peson to exert economc power ha is,to dctate te tems of ecage to conacual partners. Taken by ite,ths ds not constitute auoty ay more a any oter knd o -uee whic s derved from sme kind f supeiority as y vtue oferoc atractveness, s spot o dscuSSon Even a bg ba !in a pito to foce other bans into a cartel aangemet tis l notalone be sucent to usify callg t an autority Bu f the s a1immedae reato of command and obedence such tat te maage

met of the t ban can gve oders to the othes wit he clam tathey sa ad te pobabty that they will, be obeyed egadess ofpartcular coten, ad f heir cang out supevisd, i s aothermate Naturally, hee as eve!hee the transitons ae gradul; eeae a sots of ntemediate seps beeen mee ndebedn and debtslavery ven the positon of a salon" ca come vey cle to te borderline o authotara domatio ad yet no necessay cGsttte authori." hap derentaton n concrete fact s oe posble, buts makes cart n the aalytical distctions all te me mportat

3- atally te legmacy of a system of maton may be teaedsoogically only as te pobabty ha to a reevat degee the appoprae atttudes l eist, ad te corespondng practca conduct esue.t by no means re that evey ca of v to sos ipotions o i prarily (r eve at all) rinted to th heefLoyalty may hyrItIcally smuated by dvduas y woeoups on purey ootni grounds or caried out n pacce foraons o materal lfntret. r ope may submt from ndvuaeaknes and hlplessns becau here no acceptable ateatve

B th onsderations are ot decisive for the classcaton of tys ofdomnaon Wat s iot is the fact tha n a giv q te pa-uar clam to letima is to a Signcant deee and accodg to itsype treated as vid; tat ths act cons the posto of the onsclamng autho and at t help to determne the choce of means of eer

Fuhermore, a system of dminaton mys often cu n ti- cy td, on ne hand by the obvous communty of n b the cef and hs admnstrative sta byrd Prtin red" o te" guards opd to the subet, n he had y epessnes of the latter, t t can aord to dropvn n a cli to gticy ut een n te me ofgi of t rin tn i and h s y v dely 'acodn to y of bs relaton o the athorty beteen and as ll w t aaton gy gi for teIucu dmnation.


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i Bs of Lgtmc 2 54 "Obedience w be aken to mean hat the acon f he eson

obeyin follws n esnia such a curse tha the cnen f the command ma be aken o hae become the bas f acon f s on saFuhemore, he fac ht i is so en s refrabe nl to he fmal

obgaton whut regad h acor' own atue e value lacf alu of h conten of he (mmand as such5. Subjctely the aal suence ma ay, especa as bween

ntitin and sympaheic agemen This disnction is n, how-er signcant f the present classicaon of tpes of auhiy

6. The scope of deeminat of al elatonshps and cuuraphenna b u f dmnatin is cnsideraby brode than appearsat igh. instanc the auhoity eecisd n he schs has mucht do h th derminaion f the foms of speech and of wen lan-

gua ch \1" gaded a orthodx Dalts ued s the chancellelg;c f uehal olial unis hence of hei rules have ofenm rhdx form f sph and wrtng and have een led to hefmtn f sara "na


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Tl TYPS O LCmT NATON [ Ch. l/o e e t by te the ma legait th mmds dy withi the sc ahity the e I he o titiauthty biece s w t the pson the hie who ui tiiay sati si athrit a wh s (th isher) u by traii t he he obig o s matt sa oyay withi the aa austm bigs. Ith cas hasmat athri, it is the hasmay qi6 le sh wh is by by vi pronl st i his ea hishism r his emlay quaities so ar s ty it e othe iiva's ie i his harsma

The fln of the aboe c1asicaon c ony judg y

i rl n ootng ytac anlyss Te oncept chas"("h gft of g is en fro e vauary of rly Chstiny.Fo the Chstan heracy Rudolf Soh, n his Khnh wa et to carfy th snc of the concept hugh he dd ot ethe trminlg, Oh for nsnce Hol in Enthv unBussgealt) have clari in it nuc o it t sths nothing ew.

2 Te fact that none of the hr idl , e elcia hih wi cpy h following g. a1fy to foun n hitoil ca i pre fon, s natrly n a d eon ampt-ing tir onceptal formlaon e sha e f. st he pent S o iet fom ny . L n t asfontion pe chas b e niz-on wl nd hry the vn te cn to hdesdig o pical sytes o athoy cily ncdBt it my sad every hisi ph athoitythat t s n ikely to as a k." Ana n ns sola hs afte all a c w uy p hstclngon, cen advng whch should Tat it n e partula ca a au ewhat cofns o appoxa sch hitacharsm te cha o ce," pcy," 'bu." au-ty o sts i g wo wrtvyuamigou concep But the d at who aeali exhaust in he co a s as Ear e auos tgh s ng cl .


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} Leg Auh Wh Breur S 2 I 7

1

Legal Authority Wt a BuraucratAdmnistrativ Sta

Ne: T pcy ty o diirin s inttye tkn t o dtr oe t k t pb contt t wi t.

3 Lgal Auhty: P y

Lal auhoy rs on h accpa of th vaidty of th oowng muualy itrdnd ies.

That ay g gal m my stablsh y agmt o byimpston, gouds o xdny or al-raioaly o h wtha cam to o at ast t pat of h mmr o th orgazaon. Ths s howr, y xtdd to cld al ns with sph o w n qwhh n h s o tto s th ttoia arwho snd n cta si aonshps o cyot oms o sial aton wc n toe gog ortioha to t

2. That y y o aw ss aly a osstt systmo abst l which ha omaly ntnoaly tshFutmo admon o w s hd to nsist n appaoo patu ; admsati p th onpst of h nt wh n t od gg gio h m id dw y lg pp a owng

np whh a a o g oI a app o gg gp at st ot dp n t at tti_ ay "u

jt

aiprb ng ao t

t h n s nd (s not o sns


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2 8 E YPES O EAE ON [ Ch. 1

of an assation, of a community, of a chrch or a ciizen of a ste.5 In cofomity wih point it is held tha the members of the

oganiation sofar as they ob a pron in athoriy do not owe thsoedence to him as an ndiidua, b t the impsonal oder Hence ifoows that hee is an obgation o obdic only ithn the sphereof the ationaly delimited uridcton which in term! of the order hasbeen given o him

The foowing may s e sad to the fndamenal categoes ofratona lega auhoty:

A continuous rle-J ond f ocial buies2 A spced sphee of C0mpetec jrsdictio) his ivoves

(a)A

sphere of olgations to perorm funcions which as en markdo as par of a systematic divison of labor (b The pvison of tencumbent wth the necessay powe (c) hat the necesay meas ofcompulsion are clry dene ad eir is sbjct to denite conditions A uni exerCising authority which is orgnizd n this way wil becad an "administrativ organ or "agency (Behde)

hee are aistaive ogans is e n arg-ae ivaeenteses a an as as we as n he sat an the huch

eect rsent a aiet iisters o a by eee Pe's Reesetiv as this sns constitu dmnistratve gas.s s nt hweve, the ae t thes ne Not eeasrave orga is e with e. Bt ths stntion s ot irtat or eet u

(3 Th orgazation of oces foows the principle of hearchy;that is ach ower oce s der he contrl ad spervision of ahigherone here s a rght of appeal ad of satmet of gevaces fom

the lower to the highe Herarhes dier i rt to wheher ad inwha cases complain can ad o a ct rling fom a higherauthority itself, or whther the rsponsblty for sch changes is left to theower oce the conduct of whch was e sbt of the coplaint

(4 e rles which regate the cdct f an oce may b tchnical s or noms2 n both cas, f ther applitio is to fy ratonal, secaizd traing i essa t is h oally te tha onlya son who has demonstrt an adqt hcal tranig s qualid

o a membr o the adminisrive s of sch a organizd ropand hence only such pesons ar elie for apintme to ociapitions he adminstative sa of a onal ogazon thus typicalconsis of ocials, whether he orgao devot to liticalhertic, ecoomic prclr, caplisr oter ed

5 In the ratioa it is matr o pnce at e membersof he administrave st shold compley parat from ower-


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ii ] ga uhity ith a ueauctic ta

ship f the means f pu} adminisan Ocas emeesand wrkes aahed th dminisraie sa d nt hemseles nthe nnhuman eans f prun and administratin hese are

raher prded r heir use in kid r in mne and i isbaed ende an aunin f he use. hee exiss fhrmein prnipe mpee separan f he anains prpet espec-i capia and he psna prper husehd f he ahr s a crrespndin sparatin f the pace n whh ia fun-i are aried uthe e" in e sense Pisef he inquaers.

(6) he rana pe ase thee s as a cmpee absence f

apprpran his ca psitn b e inumbent \here rihs" tan e exis as n he a f udes nd reen f an inreainprprn f als and een f wrkers he d n nmal seehe puse f apppian he ia but f secui he puelbetie and indepnden haraer f he cnduct f te e s hai is iented n t the reeant nms,

(7) Admnstrae ats desns and es are fmulaed andrerded in wriin een in ases hre a disssin is he rue i

een mandat is applies a leas preliminar di


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T S O IA INAIO Ch III

im y s who ui on o his u-thoiy p h t o ron inirive s appca in alkinds o tu d ontex. t s mtmt mhn o the ini vry fs. F

ht h th exi thty ost p dminsao

4. eg AuthOty: The Pe Type (Ctined

Te pt of ercse of legl uoity i that whih moy burecc adminitti ta Only pm chf of th oran-

ton cup hs ion of dominnce(Herenstlung)

y viuof appiaon of leon, o hag n dsiated for suc-cession Bt en auo conis in a phe of lgl "comtencTe wol admnistre ta under surem uoty hn const, in te put t of ndidual cils constung a monocracy a opp to t coHga tye, w diu l)ho are appont nd fncon acodng th follng crtia:

(I) Thy ae psonally fre and ubjet to utory only t

reFt to their impronal cil obligaton(2) Thy ar organized i a clearly dned hirahy of (3) Eac oce ha a al den re meten t: he

legl en, 4) Th oce ll y a cntacal Q1Shi pnciple ther is free slecton

5) Candidat ar seletd on he si of techia qalir th ost

part wit a rght to nsion n under cetain cirsnce do theempyng autorty ly i pvat organizati, ave a r to 'trminate th appointment, ut h l is alwa s to g 1alary scale is grdd accordig to rank in the iy; t n di to i crteron, t resnsbly of the p equre Jof t incuments scal sts y b tan nto a(t ch V 17 Te oc s trat as l or at es rmay, on of h ncmbent.

(8) It consttut a cr ! s sytem o Joto co g no o t achee, or bo Promo j dnd e jugmnt of suros


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Leg Ah Wh Ueac S

9 Te oa 'work eney epar fm oweip of teme of admtato ad iot appropao o h o

(10) He i ujt to ct ad ytematc dcpe ad coto

te codct of te ofc.h ty of ogazaio n prcpe appcabe wt equl faiy

a wde varey of deet ed. t may be pped n pot-makiso n atabe oto, o ay m o ote ty of pvae etep dea o maa ed. It i equay ppbe to ltc ad to eatc oton Wth the aydeee of appoxato to a u , oa eece can demotat i a thee d

I . For pe burccy foud rva cc, a w a edod hota or t hr ad y rgou ord. Burucatc orgato w utrated y h adtrave o of rthOK!nokrati) the [Cthoc] chuch, whchh8 xrorat amot a of th od church ec, whch we

or day to a arg xtet ut to vat aroato It aoutat y h to o a Pa uv eoat, whch thought of a foay cottutg a uvrl ga cotece n r

gou tt Sarly he dre of aal faty thought ofa fct vovg a uvr coce but oy o whh fuco " cathdra th here th oce, thu lyg the tycaldtco w he he oce ad hat of e rvat r h cut Th e hoa ar foud the argca cattc tr; ad the arg t , te grat hr ro Ad h ltca at whch w dud e Faly y sntlly a ureucratc orgazo a that uar uctoa the oc

2 Buaucrat autht ca out t rt fo whee t t y onad y h nl of atet Thee ouch thg a a hchca zto ed ca th tac, t le to a a tgency e evn rchg at he and y ce th urdate oca ca tdo h ow eto ad nc h t ar ot dedt thur' udt Oe cal se 14.

3. Appointmnty f cact whch ak f tosibe, ssa to e ureaucc Whre he a hiarchcgazaton wth imal he o comtce, ut cued y uce sav mines, wO. hve functo n a y uraucc e-the ro urucrcy w

Th oe of quaca uucratc ogzaon ctnuay ceng Even a a a a or a tadugzo z kwdg, hough t uuayeo y xrce her th y fo trag the


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2 HE ES OF EME DOMNO [C II

state the ony "os for whch no tnial qualatons are rered ae tho o mnsters and prsdens This ony g to rove hathey are "ocals ony n a fonal ns, and not subtantivey just lkethe managing drtor or presdent of a larg business oration hes no ueston bt that the "ston of the captaic entreprener sas dentely aproprated as s that of a monarh h s a the to o aburearatic organzaton thee s neessy an element whch s atleast not uel bucat he category of brearacy s one apyng only to he eercse of conto by means of a atcular kin ofadmnstratve sta

; he bearatc ocal normally reves a x salar Bycontras soces of nome whh are privately appriat will called benees Pf ths concept, bow, 8reauca a!ae ar ls nrmaly aid in money hogh this snot essntal t the cn


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] Lgl Ahority \Vh ureu S

ing o is e o of r m o pu o wi rv itsi -u en onees n te ogzio o en o ueu s w sss w

5. n B

Expiene ens unves t ho h he pely beriyp of nisve ognizonh s, he monocr ey ofbuecrcys, fom el echnc n of ve cpble of in-ng he hghes egee of Cny n in h sense fomlly he mosron3l o mens of ee uthoy ove huma ein It sero o ny ohe fom in pion, n ablty, in he srngenyof is dlne n in s bliy k ossble picullyhigh egee cacuabil o euls for the heds of he ognionn fo hoe cing in io o t It s all sueo oh in nnsive eieny n in th f i operions n is forlypble of ppliion o al insrve k.

The evelopmen of me form of ognon n l es isnohng less hn entil i th eloent n onu spe ueric mnsron hs ue of hch an se of rea pies, econom nere grops omens,s n mny ohers. I dvopnt o ke he mos sringse, h r of h men \Vr e Hoeve mn formshe hh o no ppea o thi e sh s olgil(Rsntv i r!mn' ntts sv honorry oe

lay jge, h n n v ny pl my comn bu[he tp" \\'l he h(r ilm hink fo momen hnnu 3in': w C h id o ny el eep bymU )ng h J{ of everyy lfe

is cu h;" fra:w\ok. I l,t 'cUTi mnsion is, oer hingsng qul W th t .inl ehnicl in of ne d in !t Y opleely ninhl Th U l h b1c n ilensm

f ;.h py oue >Lit uc minsrions n th rol of hn l h hrogh he evelopmen en ad {\ mthd n e pcion of gsh eoe compleely nspn n hs ese, i es no ifene hehe he econm sm s gz on Jsi or ssi bsis Ine f in h C ope levl of echnil


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TH S OF GITMAT MINATIb [ C II

eceny t achiev t woud ean a remendous n nhe mnce of pofona buaua

hen h sbjt t bureaucatc cont sk to ca he n

Buence of the xsng buaucratic apparats, ts nonaly pbleoy by catng an organzaton of ter own whch is equally subjtto raucazation. Simarly he esting buraucrac appaaUs sdven connue fnctonng by e mt erfu nters hh arematea and obecte but n characer Wthot t asetlke ou own-th it spaatn of ocals, mpoy nd kersfm ownehp of he means of administaon, and i dendee ondipline and on thnial tannould no onr functon Te ony

expion ouldh

th goup, such as the asanty who ae s inson of the own means of subsistence Even n the cae f reoluion by foce of cupaon by an eney, the bueaucrtc machinywl nomally contnue funcon just as it has fo the peous legalgovement

Te qution is alay ho contrs the existing buraucac manery And suh contro s sbe only in a vey mt deg tons who are not technica sas. Geneally sakng, the hghst

aning car oal is mo lely to get his way in he lng un thanhs nominal supero, the abnet mnter who i not a t.hough by no mans aone, te apisc yte h undeniably

payd a ao oe in the evopmnt of buuy I whoutt caplisc pucton could nt ontnue and y\ra osalm oud have smpy te t over and nc mane. t dveopmet, largely under captas aupi ha an ugentne for sbe sct ntensiv, and alculable administon t is sn hich s faul any nd of arale adinsaton Onlyby veon in evey ed-ial, rgou onom etcto smae oganon woud it b sbe t any conseable xnt toea nuence e one hand, apsm in t me sagesof devement reue the bureaucacy, houg have asn fromdint hsoca ou. Conveely capitafsm s the most ratonaleonomi bass fo burucatc mnstraton and enbl it to eveopin e mt aonal fo, ay aus, frm a a nt of ewt uppl he nay money oucs

Aong th _ cal condions of ecient buaucatc admnstaon, thee a tain xtmey mtant condions in the lds ofcommunaton and tanon Te pcison of i functoning quis he e of the aiy, te telegraph and the eephone and incaingly dndent on them A aistc form of orgnizan woud not ater th fact t would b a queston (f. ch sec 12)


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i] Legl Authoiy Wih Br S

wheher i a salstic sysem i would poible to povde conditonso cayng t a sngent a reacc ogaiaon as has ensible in a capitlisc order For salism would in fact qire a sllhigher deg of foma bcrazon han capilism If tis should

prove not to ssible it wold demotrte e existence of anoeof ose fndamenal elemen of irronaiy- con8ict etweenfomal and substantve raonaliy of the rt which siology oftenencounes.

Breaucatic adminstraon means fndamenlly dominaon hoghknowge his is the feae of it which makes it scically aonalhi :onss on e one hand in techncal knowledge which by itself issucent to ensure it a pition of etordinar pwe. ut in additionto hi, becratic oganiztions or the holder of wer who make useof the, have he ndency to ncease their wer still fthe by heknowledge grwng out of expeence in the vice o they acquireh e condct of oce spcl knwlge of facts and hveavilbe a store of dmentary matea culiar to emselv. Whileot puliar to breaucratc organiztons, the oncept of "ocial seceis crtanly tpicl of them t stnds in elaon t tchnica knowledge

in omewhat the same on as commercial secret do to thnologcltrinig It is a pu of the stng for power" t baracy in the knowledge of tchnues and facts is

ony e apitalist entrpreneur, wthn his shere o nt He ithe o tye who h een able to mainin at lest elative immntfrom bjetion to the ontro of tinal breacraic kowledge nlargesale ornizations, U other ae nevbly !ject to bureactJccont jst as they hav falen under the domince of preison

macer the mass puction of gs qeneral, bueratc dominatn hs the fol'wing soial coe-que

e tendenc levelling n the intert of e boad ssible Ls$ f ritmt in tems o tehncl cmtence

e tendency to plutrcy gwin out o the inerest i tereast sile lenh technical tin Toda his often asts u

to th e of tht ' h domnan of a spr o formalstic meronalty "S d," witho ]ed or passio d henc without aeti

or esiasm The domnant norms are concp;o staghtforwar dtwtho rard to peronal consderatons. Eone s sbject to formaleua f eatment th is, everyone n the same empirical siaonT s he spiit in wch the ideal ocia conducts his oce.


17/45

2 2 6 E Y EG ONO [ Ch. 1I

The developmen o bueaurcy gretl fvos the levelling o sats,nd his an e shown hstorly o e he norma tendeny Conversey evey pocess o soil evellng cees a voale saton orthe developmen o ureauracy y elmang the oe-hode whorules y vtue o sus pveges and he appopaton o he measd poers dmstaion; i he nteests o "equiy t lso elmies hose ho c hod oe on an honoary ass or s an avcaony vrte o ther welh Eveywhere eauatizaion oeshdowsmass democry whch l e discssed n another connecn

e spr o rtoa ureaucray has nomlly he oownggeerl chrcterss

1) Form3lsm which is pmoted y ll he neress whh e oerned ith the securiy o the own personl saon whatever thsmay conss n Ohewse he dor would e open o rriness dhence omsm s the e o les resste

2 There s nother tedey 'hh s ppenty, nd n pargeninely n cordn to the oe. I is the tendey o ocilsto tre her o con m what s sustntely a uarnoint o vie the nteres o he elare o those nder ther uhory

Bu ths utliarin tendeny s genealy expesed n he enment orespnding regulatoy mesues hch hemseves hve ormlhaacte nd tend o e treted n oms spr. (hs wl eurher dscussed n the Scoogy o Lw) Ths tendey to susanveaoaty s suppoed y all hose sje o uthoiy who ae nonclded the goup meted ove s ieesd n the proectiQo dvntges leady seured he proems hch open up a hs nthelog n the theoy o "demcy.

Traditonl Authty

6

Authorty wl e lled tdto legtimay is clamed or ndlieed n y e o he scty o geld es ad powes hemase e dsted ccodg o ttoal les nd re oeyed eause o her adonl !us (Egnwurde). his y o orge


18/45

. . . ._ J atnal rt

le i, n he smplt case rmaly baed on ponal loyaly whchesuls fom common bngng. The ron exeCsng ahory noa "seo, b a esonal mate h admnsave a do no

cons manly of ocal bt o ronal eane, and the led aenot membe of an asaon t ae eher hs tradonal "comades(c 7a) o h sbjecs Peona oyalty, no the ocal mesonaldty detemnes he raons he adnstrave a o he mase.

Obedence s owed not o enaced ule o th son who ce a pson of ahoy by tradon o who ha been choen fo y e radonal mae. he commands of ch a eson ae legtmzdn one o wo way:

a ary n em o tadton whch themelves decly deernethe conen of he command and are beeved to be vad whn ceanlmt ha cannot be overeped wtho endangeng the aste'adtona ;

b) aly n em of he ase diceon n hat sphee whchadon leave oen to hm; h tadonal eogave est pmarlyon e fact a he oblgaons of eonal obence tend o be eentaly nlmted

hs ee s a dobe hee

a) tha of acon whch bond o ec trdonsb) a of acon whch ee of secc les

In he late shee he maser s ee o d good rn on the baof hs sonal please and like, aclaly n en o gft-hehocal soces o de (Gebhrn). So fa a hs acon foow nc

le a all se ae govened by condeaons of ehcal common sne,of eqy o of lan exency They ae not fomal ncles asn he cae of legal aoy he eece of pwe s oened owad hecndeon of how fa master and sa can go n vew of he bjecsadonal comlance thot aong he nce When esstancec, s deced agan the mase o hs evan sonay he accsaon ng hat he faled o obeve he adona lmt of hs oweOon s no dced agan the sysem a s- s a case of

adonal evolonn he e of adonal aho s mssble fo law oadmnsave le o be delbeaely ceae by legaon Rles whchn fac ae nnovaon can b legmd ony by e cam a heyhave bn "vald of yoe, bt have only now bn ecognzd by meansof "Wdom [he Ws of ancent Geanc aw] Legal decsonas "ndng of he law (Rhtn) can ee only to dmns of adon namely o dens and eale decson


19/45

H YPS GIA I C III

7. The e Type (Cotied)

e maste les with o witou an adminstaive sta O telattr case, e 7a:1

Th typcal admistative t s eited from on o mo of theollowig souces .(I) From esos wo ae aleady elad to the c by ttoal

of loyalty Tis will be caled patimonial ecuitmet Sc sosmay

a) knsmeb slavesc dendens wo ae oces o te ouseold eseciall

mnstrials,d) clietse) colnf) feedme;

( Recitent ay e exta-atrmonia ilg

a ss in a eaton of ely eonal oyaty suc as al soof "favoies

) pesons standig a elatio of fealy to te lo (vassas)ad naly

c) fee me wo lnay e to a elato of esoaloyalty as ocias

On L) Under trdto!lt domntn it ve co fr emt mpornt pt to be Sed wth mbe the lg mly or cl'

I ptrmon dntrton it s como for v nd fr

men to re ven to the hghet pto t h ot ee rre or GandVzes to have n t e t lv.c The pcl houehod oc hve en the oWg: th n-

ech the arhl he hmberl the caer (Truhess), the mjor


20/45

i-J Taditina uthity

c) Bureaucrcy as st dod n patrmnal sates wt a yof ocals rcrutd from xtra-patrmonal su; but, s wllb shw

sn, tes ocals wr at st prsonal foowrs of the mastr.

" I the pue ty of trdtol ule he folowg feur o eucrc admiste s e bsent:

) ey deed sphee of ompe sbject t mpolles

b) atoaly esblshed hechy,c) regulr system of ppmet o he bss of f cott d

odely prmoo,

d) eh tg s regu equmete (fequetly xed s the type se pd moey.

O ) plae of welldeed fcto jsdto thee s otg ses of sks d wes whch s re sged t themaste's dseto Howeve they ted to come pme d eofe tdolly stetyped ese mpg fctos oigtetuy he omto fo souces of ome whh e t thedspsl of the mste hmlf d of hs epesettes s ofte

he st se though these teests ht dete futol sphee st med o d geue dmste ogs come to begt st, pos wth pemet fuctos hosehod ocs

Te (et-ptmol fctios oude he dstro of thehouseh91d e ofte eds of ty whh b ltvey supelogy to the household fto o whh ogted dsetoy t of he maste d lte became tdolly stereopd I ddo o household ls, thee he ested pmrly oly peso

wth ad ho commssose bse of dsnct spres of omptnc s evdnt from a

usa of t lst of the ttls of ocal n an of t anct Orntasts Wth rare ees t s sbe t assate wth ths ttls st of atonally emte uos wh hav reman stabl oera consdrale

T prss of delmng nent functons as a sut of comton among and comprse bte nterss kng faors, ncom,and

othr fors of adantag s

ly

evdnt n th Mdd AgesTs phnomon has ad ery mprtant consuencs e nanclntrts of the weu y our and of t prf el profso n Enand wre lagly rponsle for tang curbng thnunc of Roman and Canon law In all prs th rratnal dsonof ocal funcons has n stroed by the istne f an sblshd t of g to f and qut

O Te questo of who h dde mtte o del wth ?lswhethe get shll be chge of ths d whh oe,


21/45

H YP OF LEIME DOMINION [ Ch. III

wete t master esevs dcson fo mself-s eat eit tatonaly, at tmes by consdeng t povnence of cen legal nomsand ecedts takn ove fom te outsd OS);8 oentely n te ass of e mas's dsceton n sc mnn tat alagents a o yld o s sonal ntevenon

Nx o h tadonalis sysm of e [pr-sg od]"spo co COer w d h p of Gm aw dvg fom h ur's ia ogav, ha i hs pc hjsdo o ay ou s sspdd. Th u v ad mdvav, ham s Kbjuz), sm rom h sam orad h 's d Pauay h Mdd Ags h Oerhas v of te agy whos w dad ad d h awad aordgy te sor fom w h aw of a giv ay wasmprd

n c) T osol cals and favoes ae often eced na uy atmonal fason: ty ae slave o dpnden minis-ias of t maste If cmen as n xtaatmona tyav ended to e bencods wom can feely move A fnamntl cang n s stuaton s st oug aout y e se of feevassals and te llng of ocs y a contact of fely Hoeve sneefs ae y no mans dtmne y functonal consdetons ts dsnot ate te suaton w espect to a) an ) [te ack of dnpee of cometne a aly tee cca elatonsps]Excpt nd certan_ ccumsance wen t adnstatv sf s oganzd on a pendal bass "omoton s completly up o te mastessceton (s sc 8)

n d) Ratonal tcal anng as a asc quacton fo oe

s scacey to b fon among osod ocals and favote oea fnamenal cange n admnstatv acce cu weev es evn a gnnng of cnca anng fo apponts egadess ofs content.

For som os a ai amon of ma raig has b y f vy aly ms This s paiuay of a of ad-

g ad wng whh wa oiga y a ra a Ths has of,ms sikgy Cha, had a dsv nR o h who dvop

mn o ho h o o

a I mah ruig of oas fm -aimoa so d hs mh

es ow by onfonng hm wh a ss grop III),

n oseol ocals an favos ae sally suped ahdpped n te masts osod Geeally t ssaton fomt lods o tal mans te ceaon of bneces a t usallybeecs n kn t s easy fo tse to come tdtonally steyed aont and nd n dton o nstead of tem ocjas wo


22/45

Traditia Auhy l 3

lve osde-he ld's hoehold an he ord himself coun n arious

fes, whch ae ofen coled who ny regulr rate or sc, agee n fom cae o cae wth hos eekng favors. (On he ept

of necs see sec 8

7a Gernoac, ahalm a armoal

1 Gacy and pimay paaham e he mo elme of radiional domnaon whee he mse ha no person amnve a

The e geronacy pplie o aon wher o far as ruleove he group organz al s he hans of erswhchorgnaUy rt lerly he de n cual yer who aee oalar wh he acrd adon. Ths s common n groupwhch e no prmrly of n economc or nhp haracr " Prarchm the ion where, whn group (houehod) whch sally organze on boh an economc nd kinshp b a rtcurndval goven who degnae by a t le of hence

Geronacy an parchlis ae frenly found e b ie Thedecve charcesic of boh the blef of he member h dominon even though i n inheren adon righ oLthe mtenely exerczd s jin gt n he inere o meb n hu no frely ppprae by he ncmben In ode th h hlbe mntn i cruc h n h cas hee s come enceof peoal (primon st Hence he mase s sil lge depenen pon t wlingnes of the memb o ompl w hs de

since he ha no mchne o enfoce hem Theefoe h membsnn) are not ye rely ubect (UtaThe embhp exs by don n no by enctmen

ence s owe o he mse no o ny enace reglai?n oweer owe to he maer ony by vue of h dona us e i huson h p scly bon by aon

Th nt of geot w dcud t Elenty pths s rted to it n a e pth's thot

stit ogtos to obde o wh h ow hoho.Apt om this he s o th ra Shek t h o -eply eect n th m hsma tho o ust ot tov d sil es o exetg iHee

atimiaim an, n he extre se, utam end o seev atona omnon eelops n mntion n i-ar foce whch e uel p nsmens of he maer Onhen the gop memr reed s ubec evoy he m


23/45

ES OF EGMA DONAO [ Ch. 1I

uhoiy ppd pe-en_len gop rght, ow no hspso igh whch he ppop he me y s he wod yoday obj of pssesso I pncpe he c epo h gh ke

y ecoomc sse-e , pedge s ecry, o dve 't by nhece. he pm exe sppo o ptmo powe povde bysve (who e ot bnded) coni d concpe sbecs, b oby mey bygd d mes (pmo ps; the tepcce s esged to mmze the ody o eres etwee med s By cotong he smets he e c boden hege of hs bry powe nd p hme po o g grce vo! he epese o e tto mos o pch d

geoc scr Whee domno s prmy on evehogh s eece by ve o he es eon toomy wb ed patimonia authity; whee ndee opes pmy o tebss o dceo, w e ced utanm The to s deneycono oh fom o domo re sed rom emenpichm by he preen of peo st

Somems p n m cmpt er yon, s is never in c te case. e l

s o, hoeve oned meo m, consis y eeme eveme o e ls scron which nges fm evy om f atia r

Eaeype dominaion ndihe Hchaf' th o oprmon hoty der whch he dmrtve s ppopesprc pwes d he coepg economc sses A n mses (d. ch I sec I9 ppopo my te e oowng oms:

) Appropo my cd ot y

ogzd grp o by cegoy o peons gh by pc chrcescs ob my be cr ot by vs, o fe, o heedy bs

o s ee popeyDomno o he es-ty h voves:

wys mo o he os dceo n seectg hs dmnve st bece psos o segne powes hve bee ppopr

.; at bya ogzed gop gp see ch. IV or

b) ofed ths w e cosdeed s tpcppopo byhe dv s membs of


24/45

iii ] Ti Authi 2 3 3

Th holding appopiated sion may have ognatd hstolyI rom mem o an adminstat s which w not pvouy ndepndent ss grop, or 2) o the appropiaon tey my n

have beong to he sta.Where governing powe ae appopa he c of admintare met ndsrminaely rom the inmnt's on and h apppameans Hodes o miltay wes and sgnea mm of e "fdal amy (ndih H) qup hemelvs and ssiby hr opatrmona o dal ontingens It is also psible that the povsono admnstative means and o the amnistatve st itl appopated as the ojet o a protmaking enteprise on the bass of x

ontrtions rom the res magazin or trasy Tis was e inpartia o the merenary armes in te siteenth and seventnth centry in Eroamples o apitist ames

ere appropation is ompee, al the powers o government ardvJ: tween the ler and he adminisive sta mems ehn he basis o his rsonal righs Einrht; o autonomous poweare reaed and rgla y speial ers o the ler or spa ompomses wih he holde o appropriat ghts

On : A exae ae e olde c hih he ome aopriaed a es. A eampe for 2) e sigr ho prae pwes by vrue of ei leged o o y satusing te oe a egazato o e att

ppropaton y n invua ay rest on

I . leasng.

pedgg as sey3. sale4. prleges wh may personal heediy o eely app

pate nondtonal o sbe o the ormane o ertain ntons;sh a prvilege may

a) gane n ern or sevies or or the sae o yingompliane o

) may onstte meelY the oa reognition of ata

srpaton o powe5 appropration by an organzed grop or a sats grop saly

oneqene o a ompoms between he rer and his administraves or between him and an noganizd ss gop tis may

) eave the uler ompletely or latively ree n his slono ndvidls

t may lay down rgd le for he sleon o inum6.

es a ase whih we mst deal h sparay


25/45

THE YPES LE [ I In e of geonra and pe patriaasm, o f 15

hee ar lear i on t subjet a a t ns aumnifltnae enerall apprpated te gp a hoe r by partpang ouseos. he adminsave unctios e prfrme on bl

o t grp a ole Appropan by te mas rnly is penomeno of parmonals may vary normousl n eteme cas of a cam to full rprtsp f n (a)and to te staus of maser oer uject t as noabl vs.Esa-y appropaton geneally means h apppiaion f t lr of he means of mnsan y te ' :dminitrvesta I the cae of pue parimoi!sm t is 'pt sptof he funtona fom h mans o !yin t s funton B xal t oppste tru of the say tmnialm T p-son exrciing govenn pwes ha prsal on n fadnsraonf not ll a last f


26/45

don Author

ag, e a ae me me avaiae gey ue.egg a euy a ae ave geneay a rm te t amI te Paa State e '- wa a e at epew Nptrt Appat y pegig pay a giat

e Fae a ate a te 'egteet et i lg juia i te pts Te apiatn e mmo y r-uate pua te te Bri ay we t te inetntht Prveg, a a at rtin a a ewar, aeve ptia ee, wee m te Mie g Erp a we a ewe

8. aimial Maitac Bcs a FifsTe patrimoal tainer may recee is support n any of te ol

low way:

a) by lii om te o table, b by alowance (usually in kind) rom he lords maaznes o

treayc) by hs of land e in retn or sevce (sve-and" d) by te appopation f prope income ee or e,e) by efs.W shall sa obn infar a the frms. maiea

b hrouh d ae lwys nly nt a tradta fahi whichdetermi amont lality, and ifa a they can appopiatYth indiida toh not er \ adnitaes s n p Jle prtd in this fom we ha Sak of prbl-

sm uc a ao there may a stm f pmon a bas oseiority or of parir obectively det ahev ad- mayalo happ that erin sial tus and hece a d htnh ae equd a teon o egbil he coceptqf e tts oup tnd, e c V

pprpat eneral es ll called a they arante pmaly to partclar uali ndvidal by a ct andif he rpal rt and dt iol ae primarily ee to

conventonal andads f stats honor culaly i a mlt f an admnistatve sta is pmarly srte y ef, -we w sao [Wese] udsm CLhnuismus)

The tansition btn es and miit nc is so radl haat im hey are almost inistinisabe i fher cus lo in ch V

n d) an4 soetim so ), l w hs apprrat gvg we pa the ot o h on sibly


27/45

YPE O L DIAI [ C. I

of ly qmn, n manne ndt av, rom te rso s nee o f H own atoiy y te paniaee ey, aibe a pabe o don by nete)

J e rit o sur for oyl retins houhold o- p her O monl (for xmp, mnilretinrs h n their pnc at the ord's te or their sppo yda aanc frm hi stor he mens hou," whch th dt fom rsionl mi ogniztiono dlt withar vry often adhers the consumpve houhold communim ofa ulng srum. prtn fro a of the ld (or of th tempe cthr and te utiuti of aln or vicnd hs yno mnS always redd h pprov t h, howvr, uslyrsutd fr te biSmnt o indndnt families Allown inknd ganted o such mpe r nd oi contitt the oginlfo o sup of cl roughout th Nar Et nd o eistd China nd, and ten n the cidnt The u of lnd in rtufo miiay ve found rught the Oent snce ly Antquy,nd l in miva Gy a mns of prding or mins,manra cial nd her funconai. The inome sorc of theurkih pahs the Japn amurai, and vaous similr of Orienl an nd knigh are in he prent teminoogy, "neca no s, as U n out latr In some cs thy hv nderv rom h ren of cain nds; in oth frm the inceo dst. n the laer e ty have nraly ecombw apppraon o govema ers in the same disct Theoncep f the cn frr deveod only in tion to tht ofe I obj may a mara fom of ptmn dominaon it may ny o vous nd o caims to poy income nd

he appropriation p inome and gh to f and preo in he fom ef nd ef of a i d-rd. n nda atuary, it ba an indndnt and hghyeve practice he uua aament he gnting gh r o ncome n f e prvs o ly c- ad e ymnt adminsative cos

Ete-TypeDo a Is Dvo In e paimona domnaon ay of e a

ng and e cosnding onomc gh pvay apia nc advanag. This d no m hate a qaivy ndnat e imn aa n a fn sbj sa glaons In pacUa a o uda and e tnd o b aga a v 'l on of those appopang


28/45

Traditional Auhority 2 3 7

ompar to h appropaon of purly nom advn havng todo wh t iom fm domns, fom x or rqust. Whnh latt ator agan tr tnds t a dirnaon of hwh ar pmaly patmonal from t whh ar pmy xpamonal or al th m of appropraton. For our trmnoyh dsv fat s that gadls of ontnt, govng w and thrlat molmn a tratd as prvat rghts

I s D S Mitels, von Bow qt ght pazg hat t aropato jua autority wa sgot a am a oo prvi sas a at t s mpb toprov tat mva a ogaato a tr a pry pt-moa or a pury a aratr. Nv ar a juicialatoity a or ig a pury ta org ar apvat g t i or prt pu tmoogiay ort to sk ptmoa oato T opt as s w hase mt osty vo by Ha hs RT Stassf. stOay h as vr a pry -oa sat

W shall sk of estatype dvision of powers (ch

Gewalnteilung) whn on ou of ros p y a-ppat gnia ws olud compromses r th ason wrrn, st of suh p my ilor admstatv uatos, ont admsv dsons o s mu At m h mm of suh s my papadrly on th own athort and th own sa

I. Ur r ma gro as who o oy a prvg a o, ay Ti ot vr a h coceyt. For v ot s a t m pvegd grp a ndeent igh iayprg grop w at t a wo oboy g uaor

t c has bey vo y i ct Wmst a aty a n a w hara a w ros or vopt

3. a ru s a atus oup n ha an am

ow y n o w p

t g

Tritonal Domnaton and he E

Th pmar eft of dto dom on vs suly n a v na wy to s n ttu. i mt onspC ud rn ly prl om

on, whh annot u a ads h gst m


29/45

E YS O E nONON [ C II

of e grop n ence is trngly depnen for own legimcyupon he egarng o tron n every rspec.

Beyon ti, e ypicl moe of nncing traonl trctreof ominon ec te onomy (c c. , ec 38). n i rep,

parmon m my ue a we vey o pproce Te foowingowver, are prculaly mportnt:

An kos manne by e rler were ne re met on lgc b woly or pimarly n kn n e fo o conrbonn complory ec) In t ce, economc elaonp ten tob rcy traion-on T evelopment of marke obuc,h e of money prmy conmpive, an e eveopmen ofcpalm mpbe

B Pvonng e ervc o ocily pvlege gop vyml eect oug not necerily to te me extent e evelopmen of market o lme n ce by te fc te propryan e prcve cpcity o e invul economc un re largelyp-empe or uler' ne

C Femore, pmonim cn reor o monopolc wan tiacon, wc n par my rely on pomkng enep, eekng

or axaon n ce, t velopmen of mrke , accong o te o monopole nvolve, more or le eouly limie by raonlco e mporan onng for pt are n e an of e ulean o mntrv a Capalm terey eer rectly obc, e rer mnn own amntaon or vern lcl cptlm, ere a rmng leaSng or l of ocen cplt povion or rie an mnron (sec. c 3.

Even were ce o in oney erm e nancng of p

trmonim an even more o lanm en o ve rrionl coneqnce fo e olowng reon

he oblgton plce on oce of aon en bot nmon n n kn to remain bon o aon e me mere complee reeomn ence arbtanen he eenon of a) e n ) o newy mpoe oligon, an c) n eorganzaton of monopolie h elemen o arbrn leclam g ocly mo eecve n cae ), caue elo an i ta m e ke fo te "favor of acon, far le eecve n cae b) n o vyng eecvene n cae c)

2) wo bae of e onalzaon of econoc acy re nreyackn; nmely, a o e calcly o olgon an of eeen o freom wc w e alo o pae enepe

D. n nual ce oweve pamonal cl cy may e

II1;ij,

J


30/45

i ] Traicl Autho 2 3 9

onalizg t by syemacally cutvag it souc of taxatoad by oganzg monl aoaly Ts, owever, s "d dedent on Spc hstoral cirmsanc some whch eistin the Oident.

f there s tateyp divsio of wes a lic ds to asult of compromse This mak the brdes rativy pctable ademat- o at least sharply mi the ue's power to m wbrdens ad, above al, to crate monolie \ethe the rulg licy tds to promote or to mit ratonal ecnomc actv dnds arly o the ty of rlig grop; prmaily it deds owheter t s a or a paan statum. The domace of fedal sttm tends, a te stcture fedaliz es of

emet is omally patrmoa, t rgd li to the from oacqiitve actvty and e deveopment of mae t may eve novdelirt attempts to sps them to prott te wer of udastrt The pdoiance of a patrcia [un] statum may have ope et.

, Ii 'hat a sd abe mt su fo pet It w n t tu t us y eent ons.

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09_WEBER Economy and Society

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