1

12. VacuoleA. Temporary storage

(sugars, proteins,

minerals, wastes &

pigments)

B. Plants have a large

central vacuole

C. Animals have a small

or absent vacuole

Vacuole

Cells – Part 3

2

13. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)

A. “Powerhouse” of the cell

B. Generate cellular energy

(ATP)

C. More active cells like

muscle cells have MORE

mitochondria

D. Both plants & animal cells

have mitochondria

E. Site of CELLULAR

RESPIRATION (burning

sugar to produce energy

(ATP) )

3

MITOCHONDRIAA. Surrounded by

a DOUBLE

membrane

1. Increases

surface area for

more chemical

reactions

B. Has its own

DNA

4

14. Plastids (Plant Cells)

A. A plant organelle

B. Contain pigments

C. Example:

A. Leucoplasts: colorless;

store starch

5

15. Chloroplast (Plant cells)

A. Contain the green pigment chlorophyllB. Traps in sunlight to make sugar (food)C. Process is called photosynthesis

6

16. Cytoskeleton

A.Helps cell maintain cell shape

B.Made of proteinsC.Network of

fibers constructed of:a. microtubulesb. microfilaments

7

17. Peroxisomes1. Use oxygen to

break down fats2. In the liver;

detoxifies alcohol

18. Centrioles (Animal cell)

1.Near the nucleus

2.Paired structure

3.Help cell divide

8

19. Cilia1. Movement in unicellular

organisms2. Occur in large numbers3. Cells in a part of a tissue layer

use cilia to move fluid over the surface.

4. Example: Lining of windpipe20. Flagella1.Movement in unicellular

organisms2.Generally longer than cilia and

limited to one or a few per cell3. Example: Sperm and algae

9

A. Types of Cells2. Different kinds

of animal cells1.Different kinds

of plant cells

Cell Comparisons

10

Similarities between plant and animal cells

1.Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

2.Both have a nucleus3.Both contain mitochondria

11

C. Differences between plant and animal cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Relatively smaller in size

Relatively larger in size

Irregular shape Regular shape

No cell wall Cell wall present

Vacuole small or absent

Large central vacuole

Glycogen as food storage

Starch as food source

Nucleus at the center

Nucleus near cell wall

12

E. Plant Cell

Organelles

D. Animal Cell

Organelles