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Cell Cycle…
• Does your cell cycle look something like this?
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Lesson Lesson #1.3a - #1.3a - MitosisMitosis
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Identical Daughter Identical Daughter CellsCells
Parent CellParent Cell
Two Two identical identical daughter daughter
cellscells
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ChromosomChromosomeses
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Chromosomes in Dividing Chromosomes in Dividing CellsCells
Duplicated chromosomes are called sister chromatids & are held together by the centromere
Called Sister Called Sister ChromatidsChromatids
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KaryotypeKaryotypeA A picturepicture of the of the
chromosomes chromosomes from a from a humanhuman cell cell arranged in arranged in pairspairs by by sizesize
First First 2222 pairs are pairs are called called autosomesautosomes
Last Last pairpair are the are the sex chromosomessex chromosomes
XXXX female or female or XYXY malemale
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Boy or Girl?Boy or Girl?
Y - Y - ChromosomeChromosome
X - X - ChromosomeChromosome
The Y Chromosome The Y Chromosome DecidesDecides
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Cell Cell ReproductionReproduction
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Types of Cell Types of Cell ReproductionReproductionAsexualAsexual reproduction reproduction involves involves a a
single cellsingle cell dividing to make dividing to make 22 new, new, identical cellsidentical cells, these are , these are called called daughter cellsdaughter cellsMitosis & binary fission Mitosis & binary fission are examples of are examples of
asexual reproductionasexual reproduction
SexualSexual reproduction reproduction involves two involves two cells (cells (egg & spermegg & sperm) joining to ) joining to make a make a new cell (zygote)new cell (zygote) that is that is NOTNOT identical to the original cells identical to the original cellsMeiosisMeiosis is an exampleis an example
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Cell CycleCell Cycle
DaughteDaughter Cellsr Cells
DNA DNA CopiedCopied
Cells Cells MaturMatur
ee
Cells prepare Cells prepare for Divisionfor Division
Cell Divides into Cell Divides into Identical cellsIdentical cells
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What’s Happening in What’s Happening in Interphase?Interphase?
What the cell looks likeWhat the cell looks like
Animal Cell
What’s occurring
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MitosisMitosis
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MitosisMitosisDivision of the Division of the
nucleusnucleusOnly occurs in Only occurs in
eukaryoteseukaryotesProduces Produces
somaticsomatic cellscells (ALL but sex (ALL but sex cells)cells)
Has Has four four stagesstagesDoesn’t occur in Doesn’t occur in
some cells such some cells such as as brain cellsbrain cells
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Four Mitotic StagesFour Mitotic Stages
PProrophasephaseMMetaetaphasephaseAAnanaphasephaseTTeloelophasephase
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Early ProphaseEarly ProphaseChromatin Chromatin in nucleus continues in nucleus continues
condensing condensing Mitotic Mitotic spindlespindle forms from forms from
centriolescentriolesMicrotubulesMicrotubules make up the spindle fibres make up the spindle fibres
ChromosomesChromosomes
NucleolusNucleolus CytoplasmCytoplasm
Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane
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Late ProphaseLate ProphaseNuclear membrane & Nuclear membrane & nucleolus nucleolus
are are broken downbroken downChromosomesChromosomes continue continue
condensing & are condensing & are clearly visibleclearly visibleSpindle fibers Spindle fibers attach to the attach to the
centromerecentromere o of each chromosomef each chromosomeSpindleSpindle beginbegin to move to the to move to the
opposite endsopposite ends of the cell, of the cell, stretchingstretching out the cell out the cell
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Late ProphaseLate Prophase
Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegratedNucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated
ChromosomeChromosomes s
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Review of ProphaseReview of Prophase
What the cell What the cell looks likelooks like
What’s happeningWhat’s happeningCentromere
s
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MetaphaseMetaphaseChromosomes, attached to the Chromosomes, attached to the
centromeres centromeres and move to the and move to the centercenter of the cell of the cell
Chromosomes are now Chromosomes are now lined up in lined up in the middlethe middle
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MetaphaseMetaphase
ChromosoChromosomes lined mes lined up in the up in the middlemiddle
Spindle Spindle FibersFibers
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MetaphaseMetaphase
ChromosomesChromosomes
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Review of MetaphaseReview of Metaphase
What the cell What the cell looks likelooks like
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AnaphaseAnaphaseOccurs Occurs rapidlyrapidlySister Sister
chromatidschromatids are are pulled pulled apart apart to to opposite opposite polespoles of the cell by of the cell by spindle fibersspindle fibers
Cell Cell elongateselongates (gets wider)(gets wider)
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AnaphaseAnaphase
Sister Sister ChromatidChromatid
s being s being separatedseparated
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Anaphase ReviewAnaphase Review
What What the cell the cell looks looks likelike
What’s What’s occurrioccurri
ngng
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TelophaseTelophaseSister chromatids Sister chromatids are now are now at at oppositeopposite poles poles
Spindle Spindle disassemblesdisassemblesNuclear envelopeNuclear envelope formsforms around around each set each set of sister chromatidsof sister chromatids
NucleolusNucleolus reappearsreappearsCYTOKINESISCYTOKINESIS begins at the end begins at the end of this stageof this stage
Chromosomes reappear as Chromosomes reappear as chromatinchromatin
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Comparison of Anaphase & Comparison of Anaphase & TelophaseTelophase
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“Activity: Mitosis Practice” worksheet
(front side only)
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CytokinesisCytokinesisMeans division of the Means division of the
cytoplasmcytoplasmDivisionDivision of cell into of cell into twotwo, ,
identicalidentical halves called halves called daughter cellsdaughter cells
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Mitotic StagesMitotic Stages
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Daughter Cells of MitosisDaughter Cells of MitosisHave the Have the samesame number of number of
chromosomeschromosomes as each other as each other and as the and as the parent cell parent cell from from which they were formedwhich they were formed
IdenticalIdentical to each other, but to each other, but smallersmaller than parent cell than parent cell
Must Must grow in size grow in size to become to become maturemature cells cells (G(G11 of Interphase) of Interphase)
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Identical Daughter CellsIdentical Daughter Cells
Chromosome number the Chromosome number the samesame
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RevieReview of w of
MitosiMitosiss
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InterphaseInterphase
ProphaseProphase
MetaphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseAnaphase
TelophaseTelophase
Name the Mitotic Stages:Name the Mitotic Stages:start
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Eukaryotic Cell DivisionEukaryotic Cell Division
Used for Used for growth and growth and repairrepair
Produce Produce twotwo new cells new cells identicalidentical to the original to the original cellcell
Cells are Cells are diploid (2n)diploid (2n)Chromosomes Chromosomes
during Metaphase during Metaphase of mitosisof mitosis
ProphaProphasese
MetaphaseMetaphase AnaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseTelophaseCytokinesisCytokinesis
REMEMBER… PMAT + Cytokinesis = Mitotic Phase
P M A T
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Mitosis AnimationMitosis AnimationName each stage as you see it Name each stage as you see it
occur?occur?
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Mitosis in Onion Root Mitosis in Onion Root TipsTips
Do you see any stages of mitosis?Do you see any stages of mitosis?
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Test Yourself Test Yourself over Mitosisover Mitosis
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Name the Stages of Name the Stages of Mitosis:Mitosis:
Interphase
prophase
ProphaseProphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Anaphase
Telophase,
cytokinesis
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Identify the StagesIdentify the Stages
Prophase Prophase
ProphaseProphase MetaphaseMetaphase AnaphaseAnaphase
AnaphaseAnaphase TelophaseTelophase TelophaseTelophase
??
?? ?? ??
?? ?? ??
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1. “Activity: Mitosis Practice” worksheet (back side)
2. CELL CYCLE worksheet and questions
3. Mitosis Worksheet #1-24 & #1-104. Mitosis QUIZ practice