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CST-092Beginning ComputerWindows Concepts
Lecture 1: Computer Concepts
Computer ConceptsGetting Started
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What is a Computer?
• A machine that computes.• An electronic system that
– accepts data,– processes data,– reports data, and– stores data.
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The Microcomputer
• Hardware– Physical components of a computer
system.
• Software– Programs or instructions that direct the
operations of the computer.
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• INPUT:– The method of getting information into
the computer.– The process of entering and translating
data into a form the computer can understand.
Information Processing Cycle
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Information Processing Cycle
• PROCESSING:– Performing a calculation or logical
operation on the information.– Turning raw data into meaningful
information.
3 + 4 = 7
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Information Processing Cycle
• OUTPUT:– The method of getting data out of the
computer.– Translating machine-readable code into
a form readable by humans.
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7The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.7
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Information Processing Cycle
• STORAGE:– Storing data for future use.
3 4 7 3 4 7
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INPUT --The KeyboardKeyboard
Indicator LightsEscape Key
Spacebar Typewriter Keys
Arrow Keys
Numeric Keypad
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INPUT --The KeyboardInsertBackspace
EnterDelete
Print ScreenTab
CapsLock
Alternate Keys
Shift Keys
Control Keys
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INPUT --The Mouse
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INPUT --The Mouse
Clicking Double-Clicking
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INPUT --The Mouse
Dragging
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INPUT --The Mouse
Right-Clicking
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Processing – The System Unit
• Main Memory• a.k.a. Primary Memory• a.k.a. RAM
RAM = Random Access Memory
Programs and Data are in RAM!
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BIT•Binary digIT -- Two Values: 0 & 1• Smallest piece of data that can be
recognized and used by a computer.
ON
OFF
= 1
= 0
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Byte•a group of 8 bits• can hold a character
– Alphabetic Letter (UPPER or lower case)– Numbers– Special Characters ($, @, !, (, *, ), &, etc.
ASCII• Code used in microcomputers• American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
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DELTA in 5 Bytes of RAM:
D 01000100
E 01000101
L 01001100
T 01010100
A 01000001
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 00 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
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Memory Measurements•Kilobyte
– 1K or 1Kb or 1KB = 1,000 bytes– (1,024 bytes)
• Megabyte– 1M or 1Mb or 1MB = 1,000,000 bytes– (1,048,576 bytes)
640K = 640,000 bytes
4M = 4,000,000 bytes
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Data and Software
are in RAM 3 4 7NUM1
NUM2 SUM
SUM = NUM1 + NUM2PROGRAM1
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Central Processing Unit - CPU
ArithmeticLogic Unit
ControlUnit
Arithmetic Logic Unit-ALU
•Arithmetic+ Addition- Subtraction* Multiplication/ Division
•Logic< Less Than> Greater Than= Equal
Control Unit
•Traffic Cop
•What’s Next?
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Output
The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7
The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7
The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7
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Auxiliary StorageSecondary Storage
DISKETTE
3.5”
1.44 Mb
HARD DISK
20 Mb to Billion+
100 Mb + + +
FLASH DRIVE F: or G: or…
C:A:
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Hardware Summary
OUTPUTINPUT
AuxiliaryStorage
CPUMain Memory
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SOFTWARE
HardwareSystem
SoftwareApplicationSoftware
USER
Systems Software
•Initializes Computer(BOOT)
•Interfaces with userand application
•Coordinates system resources
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RESU
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
NOIT
CILPP
A
A
WO
WIN
D
SHW
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RESU
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
NOIT
CILPP
A
A
WO
WIN
D
SHW
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Word Processing
A 10.0 400
B 20.0 300
C 30.5 200
D 40.0 100
Spreadsheet
Graphics
Database
DATA
Communications
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