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1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

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1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure
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Page 1: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

1© 2012 InfoComm International

Essentials of AV TechnologyAV System Infrastructure

Page 2: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

2© 2012 InfoComm International

Part OneControl Systems

Page 3: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

3© 2012 InfoComm International

Introduction to Control Systems

1. Introduction to Control Systems

2. Types of Control Signals

3. Net-Centric Control

Page 4: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

4© 2012 InfoComm International

Control Systems

Control System: Operation of complex AV

systems without technical knowledge

Page 5: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

5© 2012 InfoComm International

Control System Functions

Event driven system is reactive

Functions are any individual action

Common functions

o Raising/lowering projection screen

o Powering devices

o Setting volume levels

Page 6: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

6© 2012 InfoComm International

Control System Componets

The "Brains" of the System

Interfaces with devices to execute functions

Runs custom programs

Page 7: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

7© 2012 InfoComm International

Control System Interfaces

A way for the user to interact with a control system

Touchpanels

Multi-button panels

Touch-sensitive screens

Page 8: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

8© 2012 InfoComm International

Control Signals

Signals communicate commands

Unidirectional

Bidirectional

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9© 2012 InfoComm International

Contact Closure

Typically an "on" or "off" switch.

Page 10: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

10© 2012 InfoComm International

Variable Voltage Control

Voltage ramp generator

Camera pan/tilt head

Page 11: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

11© 2012 InfoComm International

Infrared: Optical and Wired

Optical Infrared: Line of sight

Wired: serial communication

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12© 2012 InfoComm International

Radio Frequency

User interface

Control links

Limit 100 ft (30 m)

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13© 2012 InfoComm International

RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485

RS-232: Unbalanced circuit, easily affected by noise;DB-9 or DB-25 connector.

RS-422: Balanced circuit; four-wire connection.

RS-485: Balanced circuit; supports 32transmitting/receiving devices.

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14© 2012 InfoComm International

Ethernet

Allows for communications between components, applications, and the internet

Enterprise-wide potential

Page 15: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

15© 2012 InfoComm International

Termination Types

RJ45 (8P8C)

DB-9

Captive screw

Page 16: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

16© 2012 InfoComm International

Control Systems on Networks

Ethernet network capabilities

Remote operation of AV control system

Asset management

User support possibilities

Planning

Page 17: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

17© 2012 InfoComm International

Part TwoElectrical Systems

Page 18: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

18© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Systems Introduction

1. Electrical Systems Introduction

2. Electrical Systems

3. Electrical System Commonalities

4. Voltage

5. Current

6. Current: DC Power

7. Current: AC Power

8. Resistance and Impedance

9. Power

10. Ohm's Law

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19© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Systems

Planning and installation

Codes and regulations

Authority Having

Jurisdiction (AHJ)

Page 20: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

20© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical System Commonalities

Different countries have different electrical systems. There is commonality in:

The basics of electrical power and distribution

The characteristics of electricity

How an electrical circuit works

How electricity is managed in an AV system

Electrical safety issues

Page 21: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

21© 2012 InfoComm International

Voltage

Measure of electrical pressure

Potential force

Difference of potential

Symbol: V (or E)

Page 22: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

22© 2012 InfoComm International

Current

Flow of electrons

Symbol: I (or A)

Measured in amperes

Direct Current Alternating Current

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23© 2012 InfoComm International

Current: DC Power

Facts about DC power:

Charge stays at a constant flow

does not reverse direction

Can be positive or negative

Computer signals, batteries, and power supplies usually use DC power.

Page 24: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

24© 2012 InfoComm International

Current: AC Power

Voltage

USA: 120 volts

Europe: 230 volts

Signal alternates

Current travels in cycles

Frequency in Hertz (Hz) or cps

Current returns to source

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25© 2012 InfoComm International

Resistance and Impedance

Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of electrons

oMeasured in ohms (Ω)

oResistance in a conductor

Impedance (Z): Resistance and reactance in an AC circuit

oMeasured in ohms (Ω)

Page 26: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

26© 2012 InfoComm International

Power

Power is the rate at which work is done.

Symbol: P

Measured in watts (W)

One watt expended when one amp of direct current flows through a resistance of one ohm

Page 27: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

27© 2012 InfoComm International

Ohm's Law

Current proportional to voltage

oVoltage increase = current increase if resistance stays the same

Current and resistance inversely proportional

oResistance increase = current decrease if voltage stays the same

Page 28: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

28© 2012 InfoComm International

Ohm’s Law Formula

I=V/R (Current = Voltage/Resistance)

V=I*R

R=V/I

P=IV Current -amount flowing

though drain

Resistance –pipe size

Page 29: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

29© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Circuits Introduction

1. Electrical Circuits

2. Series and Parallel Circuits

3. Grounding

4. Electrical Power and Distribution

5. Electrical Safety

6. Electrical Installation Safety

7. Electrical Systems Summary

Page 30: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

30© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Circuits

Continuous (closed) circuit

 Source: supplier of information (power)

Load: receiver of information (reactive component)

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31© 2012 InfoComm International

Series and Parallel Circuits

Source to Circuit to Source

All current seeks return to source

Series: All current through circuit, voltage divided across load

Parallel: Voltage remains same, current divides

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32© 2012 InfoComm International

Grounding

Limits human exposure to electricity

System ground

o Connects AC circuit to ground

Equipment ground

o Connects metal parts to infrastructure ground

o Normally not current-carrying

Page 33: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

33© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Power and Distribution

Main distribution panel

Subpanels

Branch circuits

Isolated ground system

Individual branch circuits

Page 34: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

34© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Safety

Code Standards and AHJ

Installed systems

Environment

Fill allowances

Rack grounding

Current protection

Safe access

Page 35: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

35© 2012 InfoComm International

Electrical Installation Safety

Temporary Installations

Test

Balance loads

Circuit breakers

Wire gauge and length

Secure cabling

Page 36: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

36© 2012 InfoComm International

Part ThreeSignal Management Systems

Page 37: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

37© 2012 InfoComm International

Signal Mangement Systems

1. Signal Management Systems

2. Wire

3. Cable

4. Conductors

5. Insulation

6. Shield

7. Jackets

8. Cable Types

9. Connectors

10. Connector Guide

11. Signal Integrity

12. Distance Limits

13. Switchers

14. Distribution Amplifiers

15. Rack Building

16. Signal Management Summary

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38© 2012 InfoComm International

Wire

Wire is a single conductor.

Page 39: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

39© 2012 InfoComm International

Cable

Cable is Multiple insulated conductors

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40© 2012 InfoComm International

Conductors

Material that allows current and voltage to pass

Classification

Size

Construction

Conductive material

Page 41: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

41© 2012 InfoComm International

Insulation

Insulation protects equipment and people

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42© 2012 InfoComm International

Shield

Shields

Protect conductors from interference

Page 43: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

43© 2012 InfoComm International

Jackets

Jackets provide physical protection for cable.

Page 44: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

44© 2012 InfoComm International

Cable Types

Coax

Twisted pair

Fiber optic

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45© 2012 InfoComm International

Connectors

XLR

inch, 1/8 inch phone

RCA

F type

DB9

RJ45 (8P8C)

BNC

Speakon

Captive Screw

DVI

HD15

DisplayPort

HDMI

Page 46: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

46© 2012 InfoComm International

Signal Integrity

Preserve signal quality

Interference and signal integrity

EMI

Lighting

Transformers

Many more

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47© 2012 InfoComm International

Distance Limits

Affects signal strength

Signal level

Signal bandwidth

Cable loss characteristics

A cross section of a cable shows signal loss as distance increases.

Page 48: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

48© 2012 InfoComm International

Switchers

Selects signal(s) from multiple sources to send to a destination

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49© 2012 InfoComm International

Distribution Amplifiers

Sends a single signal source to multiple destinations

maintains signal integrity

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50© 2012 InfoComm International

Rack Building

Rack: Protects and organizes electronicequipment

Outside width: 21 – 25 inches (530 – 630 mm)

Vertical Mounting Height: 1 foot (300 mm) – 7 feet (2130 mm)

Rack unit = 1.75 inches (44 mm)

Page 51: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

51© 2012 InfoComm International

Part FourRadio Waves

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52© 2012 InfoComm International

Radio Waves Introduction

1. Radio Waves Introduction

2. Radio Waves

3. Transmitting and Receiving RF

4. Allocations of Radio Frequencies

5. The Importance of Antennas

6. Diversity Systems

7. RF Video Systems

8. Broadcast Transmission

9. Radio Waves Summary

Page 53: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

53© 2012 InfoComm International

Radio Waves

Transmitting and Receiving RF

Frequency Allocation

Importance of Antennas

Diversity Systems

RF Video Systems

Broadcast Transmission

Page 54: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

54© 2012 InfoComm International

Allocations of Radio Frequencies

Modulation

RF Carrier

Demodulation VHF (Very High Frequency) 30MHz -300MHz

UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 300MHz - 3GHz

Page 55: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

55© 2012 InfoComm International

The Importance of Antennas

Antennas

oLengths

oGround Plane

oOrientation

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56© 2012 InfoComm International

Diversity Systems

Diversity Systems

oDirect and reflected energy

oShifts between antennas

oDynamic comparison

Page 57: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

57© 2012 InfoComm International

RF Video Systems

MATV and CATV

Modulators and Demodulators

Splitters

Distribution amplifiers

Combiners

Page 58: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

58© 2012 InfoComm International

Broadcast Transmission

Analog Standards o PAL, NTSC, SECAM

Digital Standards o ATSC

o DVB-T

o ISDB-T

Bandwidth o 6MHz for analog and digital

Page 59: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

59© 2012 InfoComm International

Radio Waves Summary

Transmitting and Receiving RF

Frequency Allocation

Importance of Antennas

Diversity Systems

RF Video Systems

Broadcast Transmission

Page 60: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

60© 2012 InfoComm International

Essentials of AV TechnologyCustomer Service and Future Trends

Page 61: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

61© 2012 InfoComm International

Customer Service

• What is customer service, and why is itimportant?

• What makes customer service “good”?

• What aspects of customer service do you need to work on?

Page 62: 1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure.

62© 2012 InfoComm International

Future Trends

• What future trends in AV do you see coming?

• Which will be the most important? Why?

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63© 2012 InfoComm International

Course Completion-Time for a Showdown


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