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•��*3.6�km2(����137�)•�*2,343��•"$%#&�������25���(2015��)•98'�"$%#&������� •1���!�CO2�������19�(2016��).
3
Taiwan Rank World OECD Japan Korea US China
CO2 emissions* (Mt of CO2)
249.66 21 32,190 11,856 1,189 568 5,176 9,087
Population (million)
23.38 51 7,249 1,267 127 50 319 1,364
CO2/pop. (t CO2/capita)
10.68 19 4.52 9.36 9.35 11.26 16.22 6.66
CO2/GDP [PPP] (kg CO2/2010 USD)
0.27 45 0.32 0.25 0.27 0.33 0.32 0.54
*CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only.Sources: Taiwan EPA; IEA/OECD Key World Energy Statistics, 2016 Edition
1.�� �
5
Renewables in Taiwan’s electricity generation (Y-axis represents the percentage in total electricity generation)(Source: BOE, Energy Statistical Monthly Report 2017.5.23 update; chart made by the author)
Ø RE growth rate:After FIT was introduced,• yearly average growth rate of RE installation: 13.1%,
<= cf. Japan: 29% (2012~2015)• yearly average growth rate of power generation from RE: 6.36%,• share of RE in electricity generation: 1.71% (2009) -> 2.29% (2016).
<= cf. Japan: 1.4% (2011) -> 4.4% (2014)
6
Growth of renewable installation in Taiwan(Unit: MW)
(Source: BOE, Energy Statistical Monthly Report 2017.5.23 update; chart made by the author)
�Agency for Natural Resources and Energy�2017)
Feed-in Tariff in Taiwan
7
• 2016�5�>��79('�$#@2025�B;>%�!/�GNE20U>/<�+0
• 1GNQIT?,�A/�GN6�)2/<34MRTHS;/.����?��62017�1�11�> �;�"790
ü ��.��?& A?-*=��
ü OJKP�/%�!>58E�D?@FLF;@�C:
(Source: http://e-info.org.tw/node/204359)
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(�kWh)
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(�kWh)
���(MW)
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(�kWh)
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(�kWh)
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!� 842 11 1,342 17 6,500 81 20,0001��
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250
6200 �$� 647 16 747 18 1,200 29 1,200 29 1200��$� 0 0 8 0 520 19 3,000 111 2000�� 0 0 1 0 150 10 200 13 150
/*,0- 741 54 742 54 768 56 813 59 813�� 2,089 46 2,089 46 2,100 47 2,150 48 2150��"� 0 0 0 0 22.5 2 60 5N/A�� 4,319 127 4,929 135 11,261 244 27,423 515 12513
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Ø Nuclear policies/discussion and their intertwining with RE in Taiwan
~2000 ���[pro nuclear]-nuclear: clean and cheap; -some protest against nuclear
14
2000~2008��[anti-nuclear]-������-lack of concrete policies/discourse on option to replace nuclear
-"nuclear-free country;" gradually reduce nuclear power; democratic way to solve the “Fourth Nuclear” dispute
-could not pass the Renewable Energy Development Act due to the Parliament controlled by the opposition party
2008~2016 ���[pro nuclear]-nuclear as one of the technology options for decarbonization.-2009 Renewable Energy Development Act
-gradually reduce nuclear-but: economic impact, electricity shortage if no nuclear
2016~ ��[anti-nuclear]-RE in electricity generation up to 20%.-To phase out nuclear by 2025
nuclear as a political issue
2005 Kyoto Protocol entered
into force: outside-gov. pressure to
ask the gov. to take nuclear as the
option to reduce emissions
2011FUKUSHIMA
Pressure from foreign wind
power investor
(Tseng, 2015; and others; the author compiled and charted)
0I(-zA@|M1"{2000-2008
• K$4��mV=��9vc]m�E�/Wk>*• �K U<�vph\sal[he• Lk��oVnbuW (��|0I31yU�055y)• =��9�F��Gv?B• �kaio��v 8ai��9v��ct_km.^iZe• RTTvV 8Wj\l[he• QSP�5oND
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1. �&;8!��• 1945-1953 "�D����:Taipower70B1946C• 1954-1965 "(�*• 1966-1974 (�"�• 1975-1985 8'���D.# �:���,8B1978E
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2. �5aO2�.4• 1947"&@Q9�a(0iB[eaaQ��a�)(0b1965"QO�!�/I^O2�.A8 #b50"��0Y]U_V\[R
3. (0�aO2�.� • O2�.Ds
�5O��>q;?s�OtTaiwan Power Company [Taipower] r1>acQ�=C�n7�n��R
- 1946"`&@Y[R�Hb1919"&@Y[�5O�-$�>q���1n1+��r
• IPPsq9>r1991-96Q�1a9�%GW�PZh[dQO6L<WNF
YQ1995"fgIPPa�i�JQ�O`�OR• 2009"7*S�:�Ejlmko< ,�T&@QFITL�R
-�jl<OKq3��cQ'3<OiMXr2009"3.5p-u2016"5.1pR 23
*;�!0
*;�
40 659�
(�,� 3�7Q�kWR
-��
�� =� �%LMHIJF 1999 +' 180
�� ��Taiwan Cement,[HK]�;QCLPR 2002 +' 130
8) #$�,[JP]�/ 2000 LNG 90
�� ��Far Eastern,[JP];&9*(2003~) 2003 LNG 67
-�� �� ��EKPGNPO,[JP]�/,�; 2002 LNG 60
-���1
�;(-TCC),�.,[JP]�;DC
2004 LNG 49
< ���;(-TCC),�.,[JP]�;DC
2004 LNG 98
�� ���;(-TCC),�",[JP]:;DC
2003 LNG 48
�� � �;(-TCC),[JP]�;DC 2009 @A> 49
-�� X25Sources: Taipower, TCC����������
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30
Article No.
Contents
Art. 3 Establishment of the Electricity Industry Regulatory Authority:
To supervise and to manage the electricity enterprise, electric
power market, the dispatch of electricity, etc.
Art. 4 Only RE generators can take the forms (e.g. cooperative association)
other than incorporated company/Ltd. to run the business.
=> to encourage local, distributed, community-based elec. business
Art. 8 RE shall have the priority to access to the grid under the condition
that the power systems remain safe and stable.
Art. 11 T&D shall setup of the electricity trading platform after the
unbundling works well
Art. 27 Electricity Generating and Retailing shall prepare the appropriate
level of electricity reserve capacity based on its electricity sales,
except for those RE generators under certain installation capacity.
Art. 28 The public retailing utility shall sell electricity that meets the
Electricity Carbon Emission Factor criteria.
Art. 95 Phase-out of nuclear power by 2025.
Ø Main contents related to RE in the amendments to the Electricity Act
(Source: LY [2017]; summarized by the author)
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