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A. Eukaryotic cells (true nucleus - contains nuclei and
membrane enclosed organelles).
B. Most are single celled (unicellular).
C. Live in wet environments oceans, ponds, swampsSome live in wet soil, rotting logs, or watery
tissues inside other organisms
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D. Have cilia or flagella at one time in the life cycle
E. All are aerobic (need Oxygen)
F. Can reproduce sexually or asexually
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1. Protozoans (4 types) – Animal-like protists; “first animals”.
2. Algae (6 types) – Plant-like protists; contain chlorophyll; capable
of photosynthesis.
3. Slime Molds (2 types) – Fungus-like protists.
4. Water Molds (1 types) – Fungus-like protists.
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Classified by method of locomotion
Characteristics of ProtozoansEukaryotic
Have a nucleus and membrane bound organellesUnicellularHeterotrophic
Consumer
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Size 2 - 100 micrometers Parasitic protozoa are most facultative
anaerobes; Mostly heterotrophic, chemorganotrophs
Nutrients assimilated via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion
Digestion may be both extracellular and intracellular
Two life stagesTrophozoiteactive pathogenic vegetative
stageCyst latent survival form
Sites of pathogenesis Intestinal, Urogenital, Blood and Tissue
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AmoebasFlagellates
CiliatesSporazoans
Phylum Sarcodina - pseudopodia.Move by pseudopods - “false feet”
Ex. Amoeba Captures food by phagocytosis
(surround and engulf with pseudopodia) Reproduction by binary fission. No cell walls Trophozoite
Motile vegetative stageCyst
Latent survival stage
Entamoeba histolytic - causes amoebic dysentery (harmful to humans) vomiting, diarrhea, possible brain damage 8
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Amoebic Movement and Phagocytosis
Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates.Move by flagella - “whip-like tail”
Absorb food directly through cell membrane
Ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness
Ex. Trichonympha - lives in digestive system of termites (mutualism - both organisms benefit)
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Trichomonas foetus : cow disease
Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD
Phylum Ciliophora - ciliatesFree living
Move beating tiny hairs called ciliacilia
Ex. Paramecium.- contains two nuclei. 1. Micronucleus (small) - controls reproduction. 2. Macronucleus (large) - directs metabolic
functions.
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Parts of the Paramecium.a. Oral groove - cilia sweep food into this area.b. Mouth pore - food travels to mouth.c. Gullet - stores food.d. Food vacuole - digests food.e. Contractile vacuole - regulates water
balance.
Protectiontricocysts - bottle -shaped structures
embedded in the cell membrane that discharge when a cell is damaged or shocked; barbed projections that can damage predators.
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Phylum Sporozoa - sporazoansNon-motile - cannot move
All are parasites
Move from one host to the next through spores
Ex. Plasmodium - causes Malaria.
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Malaria in red blood cells
Pneumonia in aids patients
DiseaseMalaria, African-sleeping
sickness, ameobic dysentary
Red- tidesKills fish (protists make
toxin)Home destruction
Termites (protists in guts digest wood)
Oxygen to atmosphereGreen algae do photosynthesis
Food for humansSeaweed
Food “smootheners”Toothpaste, ice cream, etc…
Food source in oceansPlankton are base of aquatic food chains
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