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3. Well-Defined Voting 3. Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
3. Well-Defined Voting 3. Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
DemocraticBloc
DemocraticBloc
RepublicanBloc
RepublicanBloc
White southerners
Catholics
Recent immigrants(esp. Jews)
Urban working poor (pro-labor)
Most farmers
Northern whites(pro-business)
African Americans
Northern Protestants
Most of the middleclass
4. Laissez-faire Govt.4. Laissez-faire Govt.4. Laissez-faire Govt.4. Laissez-faire Govt.
Main Duties of Fed. Govt.:
Deliver the mail.
Maintain a national military
Collect taxes & tariffs
Conduct a foreign policy
Pension for Civil War Vets
5. Congressional 5. Congressional SupremacySupremacy
5. Congressional 5. Congressional SupremacySupremacy
Political Machines
Party Bosses rule
Presidency as symbolic office
The President justdoled out federal jobs.
1865: 53,000 govt. employees
1890 : 166,000
Sen. Roscoe Conkling
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansRepublicans
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansRepublicans
Half BreedsHalf Breeds StalwartsStalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York)
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: DemocratsDemocrats
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: DemocratsDemocrats
1880 1880 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
1880 1880 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!
Chester A. Arthur:Chester A. Arthur:A Fox in the Chicken A Fox in the Chicken
Coop?Coop?
Chester A. Arthur:Chester A. Arthur:A Fox in the Chicken A Fox in the Chicken
Coop?Coop?
Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Act.
“Magna Carta” of civil service reform
Based on merit, not patronage
Exams; performance
Job Security, regardless of party affiliation
Republican Republican “Mugwumps”“Mugwumps”
Republican Republican “Mugwumps”“Mugwumps”
Refused to support Arthur
Social Darwinists.
Under the guise of reform
Target corrupt officials
Not for reform, but for power
Will support an “honest” Dem.
TheTheMugwumpMugwump
ss
TheTheMugwumpMugwump
ss“Men may come and men may go, but the work of reform shall go on forever.”
Will support Cleveland in the1884 election.
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!
Rum, Romanism & Rum, Romanism & Rebellion!Rebellion!
Rum, Romanism & Rum, Romanism & Rebellion!Rebellion!
Led a delegation of ministers to Blaine inNYC.
Reference to the Democratic Party.
Blaine was slow torepudiate the remark.
Narrow victory forCleveland [he wins NYby only 1149 votes!].
Dr. Samuel Burchard
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
Cleveland’s First Cleveland’s First TermTerm
Cleveland’s First Cleveland’s First TermTerm The “Veto Governor” from New York.
First Democratic elected since 1856.
A public office is a public trust!
“Laissez-faire” Presidency
Vetoed any assistance bill (to rich & poor)
Vetoed over 200 pension for Civil War vets.
The Tariff IssueThe Tariff IssueThe Tariff IssueThe Tariff Issue Two Types:
Revenue Tariffs: modest
Protective Tariffs: high
Business v. Consumer
1885 : US Govt. has $100 million surplus
Cleveland supports
Filing the Rough EdgesFiling the Rough EdgesFiling the Rough EdgesFiling the Rough Edges
Tariff of 1888
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)
Coming Out for Coming Out for HarrisonHarrison
Coming Out for Coming Out for HarrisonHarrison
“Vote for Harrison on Tuesday, and you’ll have a job on Wednesday.”
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
Changing Public Changing Public OpinionOpinion
Changing Public Changing Public OpinionOpinion Citizens want regulation to control trusts:
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
McKinley Tariff (1890) --> highest ever!
“Prosperity flows from protectionism”
Republicans suffer big loses in Congress
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection