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Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 1
Adaptability of Learning Objects
Sam Joachim
5th Workshop Software Engineering Education and Reverse Engineering, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005
Institute of Informatics, Humboldt University Berlin, [email protected]
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 2
Agenda
Adaptability Items, Factors
Adaptability of Navigation & Learning process by using specifications /special XML Dialects
Component Models to support Adaptability
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 3
Categories of Adaptability
Adaptability of … presentation
kind, look and feel of the material … contents … learning process
dynamical process through varying sequence, selection of alternative learning paths
… the language (localization) … navigation … other functions of the learning system
confirmation/feedback of the system, help, automatically corrections
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 4
Adaptability – Influencing factors can be
Person related Adapt to the learner Adapt to the teacher
Issue related Availability of resources Adaptation to new or changed case studies
Educational environment Other courses / preknowledge Curriculum, syllabus of the modules Available time
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 5
Adaptations can occur
Initial Before starting to use a material or
starting an interaction with the learner, all adaptations are carried out
Permanent At any time, an adaptation can change
the material (at runtime )
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 6
Agenda
Adaptability Items, Factors
Adaptability of Navigation & Learning process by using specifications /special XML Dialects
Component Models to support Adaptability
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 7
Adaptability of navigation / learning process
movii.de (BMBF project) Source: “Platform-independent publication of re-combinable learning objects based on XML”, DeLFI conference 2003 (in German)
multi-layered content hierarchy1. level: elementary content elements (txt, pic, animation,
video, audio) combined to small, independent learning ‘cores’ (from the point of the learner the smallest self-contained learning content)
2. these cores will be ordered thematically and combined in a hierarchy (flexible container structure)
3. cores are networked with other core to packages, while other packages now can have different roles (knowledge consolidation, exercise, literature, case study, …)
4. through these packages, different learning paths can be defined
this allows flexible recombination and modification of the learning materials
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 8
corecorecore
movii Model
literature
knowledge consolidation
exercise
…
container
package
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 9
hierarchical learning path (instructional approach)
modified, adapted learning path (constructivist approach)
learning paths
core
core
corecore
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 10
Adaptability by using specifications / standards for
learning design
XML dialects:
LMML (LearningMaterialMarkupLanguage)
EML (EducationalModellingLanguage),
<ML>³ (Multidimensional LearningObjects and Modular Lectures Markup Language)
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 11
<ML3>: adaptability through
Module Dimensions
Didactic Concept
Transformation Process
Source: www.ml-3.org
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 12
<ML>³ Dimensions
Target: Adaptability for learners - self tests, virtual experimentsteachers - didactic hints, sample solutions, suggestions for exams
Intensity: deepness of the topic / the available time slot. basic, advancedexpert versions
Output device: slide - presentation in traditional face-to-face learningonline - full texts, multimedia and interactive components, navigation mechanismsscript - represents the printable equivalent of the online version, with static versions of dynamic multimedia.
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 13
<ML>³ Didactics
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 14
<ML>³ Transformations
Possible output formats: HTML (XHTML), PDF
Transformation process for the online version of a module: produces the table of contents (ToC) produces information for navigation (Nav) produces a number of presentation units (PUs) holding the content in
well-presentable chunks.
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 15
Adaptability of presentation
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 16
Agenda
Adaptability Items, Factors
Adaptability of Navigation & Learning process by using specifications /special XML Dialects
Component Models to support Adaptability
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 17
Component Models for Learning Objects
SCORM content aggregation model Dodds, P. (2001). Advanced Distributed Learning Sharable
Content Object Reference Model Version 1.2. The SCORM Content Aggregation Model. See also: http://www.adlnet.org
Learnativity content model (Wagner 2002) Wagner, E. D. (2002). Steps to Creating a Content Strategy for
Your Organization. The e-Learning Developers' Journal, October 2002. http://www.learnativity.com
ADL academic co-lab model Brown J. (2002). Academic ADL Co-lab. See also: http://
www.adlnet.org Microsoft model
Elliot, S. A Content Model for Reusability. See also: http://www.cm-strategies.com/pdfs/elliott.pdf
CISCO RLO/RIO model Barrit, C. & Lewis, D. & Wieseler, W. (1999) . CISCO Systems
Reusable Information Object Strategy Version 3.0. See also: http://www.cisco.com
Source: Towards a Global Component Architecture for Learning Objects:A Comparative Analysis of Learning Object Content Models, Katrien Verbert, Erik Duval
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 18
SCORM - Content Aggregation Model
Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 20
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Learnativity Content Model (Duval & Hodgins 2003)
JCSE CourseTopicSectionAssociated Slides
Shapes,
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Adaptability of e-Learning Material, Baile Herculane, Romania, 2005 23
Suggestion for future work
Transformation of our PowerPoint material in an independent XML format (perhaps based on <ML>3) With support for different learning paths With the possibility of easily exchanging parts of the
content (case studies, examples, …) With different outputs (ppt, pdf, html, textbook …)
Building of a kind of repository / pool system for the learning objects and an authoring system for adaptable study packs or (e-)learning material based on the Learnativity Content Model / SCORM Model, perhaps there is a possibility to combine both approaches
Towards a Global Component Architecture for Learning Objects: A Comparative Analysis of Learning Object Content Models, Katrien Verbert, Erik Duval http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~hmdb/publications/publicationDetails.php?id=41315