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1. Alexander the Great1. Alexander the GreatCultural diffusion PIGE
Hellenistic Age
Byzantine Empire
2. Genghis Khan and Kublai 2. Genghis Khan and Kublai KhanKhan
-Conqueror “world emperor”-Conqueror “world emperor”
-Leader of Mongols -Leader of Mongols
3. Marco Polo/ Ibn Battuta3. Marco Polo/ Ibn Battuta-Marco- established trade routes-Marco- established trade routes
-Ibn- Great Traveler-Muslim -Ibn- Great Traveler-Muslim
-Both encouraged trade-Both encouraged trade
Cultural DiffussionCultural Diffussion
4. Mansa Musa4. Mansa Musa -King of Mali-King of Mali
-Took his hajj to Mecca-Took his hajj to Mecca
-Distributed gold along the way-Distributed gold along the way
-Brought Islam (Muslim) back to northern -Brought Islam (Muslim) back to northern
African countries African countries
5. Columbus5. Columbus -Explorer -Explorer
-Exploiter-Exploiter
-Columbian Exchange -Columbian Exchange
6. Martin Luther6. Martin Luther -Wrote 95 Theses -Wrote 95 Theses
-Sparked Protestant Reformation-Sparked Protestant Reformation
-Believed faith was the only way-Believed faith was the only way
to receive salvationto receive salvation
7. Peter the Great and 7. Peter the Great and Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great
-Known for westernization Known for westernization
8. William and Mary of Orange8. William and Mary of Orange -Glorious Revolution -Glorious Revolution
-Signed English Bill of Rights -Signed English Bill of Rights
-Turned England into a -Turned England into a
Parliamentary (limited) democracyParliamentary (limited) democracy
9. John Locke9. John Locke
-English Enlightenment ThinkerEnglish Enlightenment Thinker
-All people born are good-All people born are good
-Entitled to certain natural rights-Entitled to certain natural rights
10. Montesquieu10. Montesquieu
-Believed in creating Three -Believed in creating Three Branches of GovernmentBranches of Government
-Checks and Balances-Checks and Balances
11.Voltaire11.Voltaire -French Enlightenment Thinker French Enlightenment Thinker
-believed in free speech -believed in free speech
““I’ll defend you to the death your right to say I’ll defend you to the death your right to say it”it”
12. Adam Smith12. Adam Smith -wrote -wrote Wealth of Nations Wealth of Nations
-Laissez Faire Laissez Faire -Free MarketFree Market
-Supply and DemandSupply and Demand
13. Robespierre13. Robespierre -Radical Jacobin -Radical Jacobin
-Took control of the National -Took control of the National Assembly Assembly
-Reign of Terror -Reign of Terror
14. Louis XVI14. Louis XVI
-an absolute monarch in France-an absolute monarch in France
-executed during the French -executed during the French Revolution Revolution
15. Simon Bolivar15. Simon Bolivar -revolutionary revolutionary
- known as “The Liberator”known as “The Liberator”
- formed Gran-Colombia formed Gran-Colombia
16. Napoleon Bonaparte16. Napoleon Bonaparte -Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code
-Tried to invade Russia in the winter and Tried to invade Russia in the winter and failedfailed
17.Metternich17.Metternich-Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna
-Tried to turn back the clock to the old Tried to turn back the clock to the old conservative ways (status quo)conservative ways (status quo)
-Established a balance of powerEstablished a balance of power
18.Garibaldi18.Garibaldi
-Leader of the nationalist -Leader of the nationalist group called the Red Shirts in group called the Red Shirts in
Italy Italy
19. Bismarck19. Bismarck
-Iron Chancellor -Iron Chancellor
-used a policy of Blood and Iron -used a policy of Blood and Iron
-Fought 3 Wars-Fought 3 Wars
20. Karl Marx20. Karl Marx
-wrote Communist Manifesto-wrote Communist Manifesto
-believed in the inevitable class strugglebelieved in the inevitable class struggle
-Industrialization is root of communism Industrialization is root of communism
21. Thomas Malthus21. Thomas Malthus - proposed an economic theory that the - proposed an economic theory that the population will exceed the food supplypopulation will exceed the food supply
22. Rudyard Kipling22. Rudyard Kipling
-wrote The White Man’s Burdenwrote The White Man’s Burden
- justified imperialism justified imperialism
23. Czar Nicholas II23. Czar Nicholas II(Little Nicky)(Little Nicky)
-last Czar of Russia last Czar of Russia
-Killed by the Red Army Killed by the Red Army
Nicholas and AlexandraIn 1889 Nicholas married his cousin, Alexandra. The marriage was a very happy one and they had five children, four daughters and last a son, Alexis. Alexis suffered from haemophilia, a disease of the blood which at that time was untreatable.
24. Lenin24. Lenin -leader of the Reds (Bolsheviks)-leader of the Reds (Bolsheviks)
- promised “Peace, Land, Bread”promised “Peace, Land, Bread”
- orchestrated the Treaty of Brest Litvosk orchestrated the Treaty of Brest Litvosk to get Russia out of WW Ito get Russia out of WW I
25. Stalin25. Stalin-dictator of the USSR-dictator of the USSR
-ruled with terror and brutality-ruled with terror and brutality
-communist-communist
-Five Year Plans-Five Year Plans
-Great Purge-Great Purge
26. Kemal Ataturk26. Kemal Ataturk -name means father of the Turksname means father of the Turks
-WesternizationWesternization
Modern-day Turkey is a marriage of the character of ancient Anatolian civilizations and the progressive secular democracy and reforms launched by
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the father of the Turks.
27. Gandhi, Mahatma27. Gandhi, Mahatma
-fought to end British rule in Indiafought to end British rule in India-Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience
28. Hitler28. Hitler-Fascist dictator of GermanyFascist dictator of Germany
- formed the Third Reichformed the Third Reich
29. Churchill29. Churchill
-British Prime Minister-British Prime Minister
30. Jiang Jeishi or Chiang Kai Shek30. Jiang Jeishi or Chiang Kai Shek-leader of the Guomindangleader of the Guomindang
- sent Mao on the Long Marchsent Mao on the Long March
- fled to Taiwan when Mao fled to Taiwan when Mao took overtook over
Republic of China
31. Mao Zedong31. Mao Zedong -leader of the communists in China leader of the communists in China
-Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward
-Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution
-Red Guards Red Guards
32. Deng Xiaoping32. Deng Xiaoping -communist leader in Chinacommunist leader in China
-Implemented Four ModernizationsImplemented Four Modernizations
-““It doesn’t matter if the cat is…It doesn’t matter if the cat is…
-Responsible for the Tiananmen Responsible for the Tiananmen Square Massacre Square Massacre
33. Jomo Kenyatta33. Jomo Kenyatta
-helped Kenya achieve -helped Kenya achieve independence (nationalism)independence (nationalism)
-became 1-became 1stst Prime Minister Prime Minister
34. Kwame Nkrumah34. Kwame Nkrumah -created the OAU created the OAU
- worked to end colonial rule in worked to end colonial rule in AfricaAfrica
- Inspired by Pan- AfricanismInspired by Pan- Africanism
OAU (Organization of African Unity)
35. Mandela35. Mandela -11stst black South African President black South African President
- leader of the ANCleader of the ANC- jailed for 27 yearsjailed for 27 years
- fought to end apartheidfought to end apartheid
36. Pol Pot36. Pol Pot -leader of the Khmer Rouge in leader of the Khmer Rouge in
Cambodia Cambodia
- Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
- Year ZeroYear Zero
37. Arafat37. Arafat
- leader of the PLO - leader of the PLO
38. Rabin38. Rabin
- Israeli Prime Minister- Israeli Prime Minister
39. Ayatollah Khomeini39. Ayatollah Khomeini -he overthrew the Shahhe overthrew the Shah
-Turned Iran into an Islamic Turned Iran into an Islamic Republic (Fundamentalist State)Republic (Fundamentalist State)
- Iranian RevolutionIranian Revolution
- anti-westanti-west
40. Gorbechev40. Gorbechev -leader of the USSR 1985 leader of the USSR 1985
- wanted to end the Cold War wanted to end the Cold War
- reformed economy reformed economy (perestoika/ glasnost) (perestoika/ glasnost)
41. Fidel Castro41. Fidel Castro -communist leader of Cubacommunist leader of Cuba
- Cuban Revolution
42. Mobutu Sese Seko42. Mobutu Sese Seko -Dictator of Zaire Dictator of Zaire
- bankrupted the country bankrupted the country
- remained in control because remained in control because he was anti- communisthe was anti- communist
43. Kim Jung Il43. Kim Jung Il• Communist leader of North KoreaCommunist leader of North Korea
• UnpredictableUnpredictable
• Possesses nuclear weaponsPossesses nuclear weapons
• Hatred of the USHatred of the US
44. Dreyfus44. Dreyfus
• French, Jewish Officer, Focus of the Dreyfus French, Jewish Officer, Focus of the Dreyfus AffairAffair
• Accused of Treason, sent to Devil’s IslandAccused of Treason, sent to Devil’s Island• Cause of Jewish anti-Semitism in FranceCause of Jewish anti-Semitism in France
45. Herzl, Theodor45. Herzl, Theodor
• Founder of the Zionist movementFounder of the Zionist movement
• A Jewish journalist who studied lawA Jewish journalist who studied law• Wrote and published Wrote and published The Jewish StateThe Jewish State..
46. Machievelli
• “The end justifies the means” Do what ever it takes to accomplish your goals.
47. Hosni Mubarak
• 30 plus year leader of Egypt
• Recently stepped down from power from a coup de tat
• Protests were held in Tahrir Square after social media communications
• Army still in control of Egypt
48. Muammar Al Gadaffi
• Dictator of Libya for 42 years
• Chased out of office in a coup de tat.
• Captured and killed by revolutionary leaders
49. Bashir al Assad
• Leader of Syria for more than 40 years
• Oppressing his people
• Killing protestors