1. All living things are made of _____________.2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism

(= basic unit of __________)3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells

CELL THEORY CELL SIZE

___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________

Cells

lifeexisting

PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA

HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ & NON-POLAR tails facing ________

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)

Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________

MEMBRANE PROTEINS•____________________- stick on inside or outside surface•____________________- go part way or all the way through• _________________ - recognize “self” • _______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane

Membranes are _________________________________(=Semi-permeable) Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others

out ___________ what enters & leaves cell

Helps with _________________

__________________ = gel-like material + organelles between nucleus and cell membrane

GLYCOPROTEINS

phospholipids proteins

BILAYER outin

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

cytoplasm

CONTROLS

FUNCTION:

HOMEOSTASIS

TRANSPORT

PERIPHERALINTEGRAL

NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUSSurrounded by ______________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________ ___________ CENTER OF CELL Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & outCONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA)

DNA is scrunched up as ______________ in dividing cells.DNA is spread out as ________________ in non-dividing cells.

ENVELOPE

PORESCONTROL

DNA

RIBOSOMES

CHROMOSOMES

CHROMATIN

DOUBLE

CYTOSKELETONMade of PROTEINS called______________ & _________________

FUNCTION: ____________________________________________________________

MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS

Helps cell maintain shape; Support; Helps in movement

CENTRIOLESMICROTUBULES

ANIMAL

Made of __________________________

Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division

Function:__________________________________Pull chromosomes apart;

MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA) Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________ _______________ of cell Burns ____________ Stores energy released as ______

Folded inner membrane = _________________ (increases surface area for more chemical reactions)

DOUBLE

DNAPower plant

GLUCOSEATP

CRISTAE

RIBOSOMESCan be __________________ or __________ to Rough ER

MADE OF ______________ & ________

FUNCTION: _____________________

FREE in cytoplasm ATTACHED

PROTEINS RNA

MAKE PROTEINS

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER (with ribosomes) (no ribosomes)

Internal Network of ___________________ Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________ which are modified and transported to Golgi for export

Smooth ER:

Makes membrane lipids (__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles

Breaks down _________________ in liver

PROTEINS

STEROIDS

CALCIUM

TOXINS

MEMBRANES

GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)Looks like a “______________________”Made of ______________________

FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances from ER for ______________ or_______________ out of cell

stack of pancakesmembranes

exportstorage

LYSOSOMES

Sac containing _________________________

FUNCTION: Digests __________________________________

Plays a role in ____________“Programmed cell death”Cell suicide for the good of the organism

Digestive enzymes

food molecules & unwanted cells/cell parts;

APOPTOSIS

CILIA & FLAGELLAMade of PROTEINS called _______________organized in a _________ arrangement that help with ___________________

CILIA =________ & __________

FUNCTION: ______________________

________________________________

FLAGELLA =______ & ________

FUNCTION: _________________

MICROTUBULES

9 + 2MOVEMENT

MANY SHORT

move cells; move substances past cells

FEW LONG

Move cells

CELL WALLFound OUTSIDE the ____________________Provides ____________ & ________________

___________________ makes plant cells sturdy Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________ instead.

Cell membrane

SUPPORT PROTECTION

CELLULOSE

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

VACUOLESStorage space for: _______________Proteins, carbohydrates,

water, waste

Huge in __________cells , small in _____________ cells,Not in _________________

plantanimalbacteria

CHLOROPLASTSurrounded by ____________ membrane Has own ________ _____________ =membrane sacs inside

Contain CHLOROPHYLL where _______________________ happens

FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

DOUBLE

DNATHYLAKOIDS

PLANT

DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane

Nuclear membrane

Nuclear membrane

NO nuclear membrane

NO cell wall Cell wall made of

CELLULOSE

Cell wall made ofPEPTIDOGLYCAN

Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes

DNA in multiple chromosomes

DNA in multiple chromosomes

DNA is a single circular ring

CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON

Small vacuoles Really big vacuole

NO vacuoles

Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes

Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles

NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts

SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST