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BACKGROUND PAPER DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY

IN AFRICA (DEA) Project –

First National Workshop 12th September, 2005

E. N. Sawe - TaTEDO

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PRESENTATION STRUCTURE

1.0 Introduction1.1 Purpose1.2 DEA Project1.3 Profile of TaTEDO

2.0 Tanzania Energy status

3.0Energy Policy and implementation

4.0 Impacts of energy programme

5.0 Conclusions and recommendations

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Paper is to: Provide brief information of DEA Project

Present profile of TaTEDO as DEA Project

Partner

Summarized Tanzania energy Status

Highlight energy policy and implementation

status

Show some impacts of energy initiatives on

improving energy access.

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1.2 The DEA Project

Background

Project under the EC COOPENER

PROGRAMME . Duration – 21/2 years since May 1st 2005. Implementation and Coordination by

— RISØ National Laboratory - Denmark— Energy Center of the Netherlands

(ECN) Supported by: Six African NGO Centres.

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Aim of The Project

To identify and examine the developmental impacts of energy initiatives.

To use information obtained to improve on going and future energy interventions .

To Develop and apply an assessment framework for evaluating development and poverty reduction impacts of energy interventions.

To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with view of incorporating these issues in energy policy.

DEA project ctd.

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Impact on Sustainable DevelopmentLivelihood assets strategies improvementPoverty ReductionNSGRP MDGs

Qualitative and Quantitative assessment that leads to assessing chain of effects.(AF – Tool)Impact +ve or (- ve) on development

Source : Sawe 2005

Energy ActorsPublic MEM, PrivateCivil Societies, NGOsCBOs.

Non-Energy ActorsVPO MHE MCT (ICT) MFMNT MW MIaT

DEA ProjectAnalysis from 1Literature review2Catalogue3Consultations4Workshops and AF5Case studies

Energy Planning based on people’s Needs, opportunities and on development priorities-(Participatory?)

Energy Interventions (Rural & peri Urban) -Policy, Laws, regulations, pricing-Strategy-Programmes-Project s– Innovation technologies approaches

Social Development-Human Capital-Education-Health-Water-Communication-Social Capital

Economy growth Financial CapitalPhysical Capital-(Industries and agriculture)-Production-Income

Operational Tool – Assessment Framework

Environment Conservation-Natural Capital-Forest -Climate change-Air pollution (indoor & out door-Land degradation

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1.3 TaTEDO Profile

TaTEDO is a sustainable energy development national NGO based in Dar es Salaam with projects and programmes in 8 regions of Tanzania.

TaTEDO’s vision is communities with better access to sustainable energy services for poverty reduction, economic growth and social development while conserving the environment.

And her mission is to develop and promote greater uptake and rational use of sustainable energy technologies and environmentally sound practices through provision of relevant information, knowledge and skills geared towards sustainable development.

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1.3.1 Goals

To improve quality of life of the Tanzanians by contributing to availability of improved and sustainable energy services, employment and income generating opportunities.

To reduce environmental degradation resulting from increased use of wood and fossil fuels.

To contribute in reducing the country’s over dependence on imported energy (electricity and fossil fuels).

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1.3.2 Activities and Services

To achieve her goals, TaTEDO undertake the following activities:- Promote the use of modern energy services for

- Productive uses ( Industrial, agriculture and commerce)- Consumptive and basic needs (households and

communities)- Institutional and Social needs (education, health, water,

etc) Implement sustainable energy programmes and projects. Provide sustainable energy related consultancy services. Promote networking and partnership with local and international

organizations. Manage and provide energy information to stakeholders. Undertake lobbying and advocacy to influence energy related

policies, strategies and regulations. Support sustainable energy enterprises development. Conduct energy related applied and adaptive research on

technologies and delivery mechanism.

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1.3.3 Strength and Capacity

To be able to undertake her activities and achieve her goals, TaTEDO’s policy is to continuously improve her capacity, current status include:-

Thirty committed staff of whom 22 are university graduates and 8 extension staff.

Supportive and reliable partners from local, national and international levels.

Committed Board of Directors and members. A library with a good collection of over 4000 documents

on sustainable energy and related issues. Bi-annual sustainable energy newsletter ( English and

Swahili). Modern office and communication facilities. Partnership and networking with CBO, NGOs,

Government and private institutions.

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S.N Project / Programmes Titles Funding Sources Project Duration

 1.

Integrated Sustainable Energy Services for Poverty Reduction and Environment Conversation Programme (ISES – PRECP)

HIVOS – NetherlandsNORAD – NorwayTaTEDO

July 2003 – June 2006. 

 2.

African Rural Energy Enterprise Development (AREED) Programme

 UNF, UNEP & SIDA

January – December 2007

 3.

Enabling Access to Sustainable Energy Development (EASE)

 DGIS, ETC - Netherlands

June 2004 – June 2008

4. Bio fuels for transport study GTZ July – October 2005

 5.

Biodiversity Conservation for Mountain Kilimanjaro Through Promotion of Improved Stone- made Firewood stoves

 UNDP/GEF

October 2003 – Dec 2005.

6. Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)

EC COOPENER Programme. RISØ

May 2005 – November 2007.

 7.

Market Development of Solar Dryers and its products in Ukerewe District, Mwanza Region

 UNDP /GEF

  2005 – 2007

8 Construction of Improved Firewood stoves in 10 schools Kondoa District

WFPJune - December 2005

9 Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)

 UNDP

 August 2005 – July 2006

10 Energy for Water, health and Education (ENABLE)

SEI, EU August 2005 – July 2006

11. Sustainable Energy Professional Exchange Programme

Fredskopset - Norway

 On-going

1.3.4 Some Energy Projects Being Implemented by Tatedo and Partners

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2.0 TANZANIA ENERGY STATUS

2.1 Socio Economic Context A low income poor country with an area of

945,000Km2, per Capita GDP – USD 280 (2003) Population of about 35 million inhabitants,

annual population growth rate of 2% (2002) More than 80% of the population are engaged in

Agriculture. 75% of the population live in rural areas. Main product, goods and services – Agricultural

products, minerals tourism, fish, commerce, transport and communication.

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2.2 Tanzania Energy Potential and Development Status

SN Energy resources Potential

Energy Sources

Energy carrier

Demand

Percent contribution

End use Equipment

Services

1.02.03.04.05.06.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Hydro – 470 MWSmall Hydro – 240MWNatural Gas – 45 m3Coal – 1,200m tonnesSolar – 187 MWBiomass - crops residues est. 15 million tonnes

Biomass - 34 million hectares of forest -14 million Cattle- Crops residues million tonnes

Wind between 1 to 6m/s

Petroleum fuels: None

561 MW 4 MW192 MW 6MW1.2 MW

36 MW241. MW(Fossil fuel Imported)

24 million m3

6000 biogas plants

120 wind mills

1.45 million tonnes( Imported)

Electricity

Electricity

Electricity

Electricity

Woodfuels Charcoal

Gas

Wind

Petroleum fuels Petroleum Diesel etc.

500MW(peak)

Suppressed

36 millions m3

1.45 million tonnes ( Imported)

2 %

90%

8.0%

MachinesBulbsStoves

Stoves

Ovens

Stoves

Pumps

PumpsMachinesVehiclesTractorsStoves

MechanicalPowerRefrigerationCommunicationLightingPumped WaterCooking

Cooking

Pumped WaterPumped Water

TransportationCookingLightingPower

Source: Sawe 2005

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2.3 Sectoral Energy Consumption Summary

 S.N.

 Sector Category

Percentage of Total

Energy

Percentage of

commercial Energy

1. Households 80 14

2. Industries 9 27

3. Transport 6 50

4. Agriculture 4 4

5. Commerce and Others 1 5

  Total 100 100

Source: MEM

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2.4 Some Poverty and Energy Indicators More than 50% of the population is living in poverty,

35.7% of which is unable to access all of the basic needs.

Traditional biomass is the fuel of the poor, firewood in rural and charcoal in urban areas

Human physical power is the main source of energy for agriculture and transport in rural areas.

The poor spend more than 35% of their household income on energy, while the better off spend about 14.45%.

Up to 50 units of electricity are subsidized-lifeline tarrif

Energy is considered essential in achieving both the MDGs and NSGRP objectives and targets.

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3.0 ENERGY POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Focus on market mechanism to reach objectives and achieve sectoral efficiency with balance between national and commercial interests.

Policy is supportive of rural energy with the following statements:— Support research and development and

application of alternative energy in rural areas.

— Promote entrepreneurship and private sector initiatives.

— Ensure continues electrification of rural economic centers and low income customers.

— Facilitate increased availability of grid and non-grid electrification for rural areas.

— Establish norms, codes of practice and guidelines for rural energy supplies.

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3.1 Energy Strategies

There is no deliberate energy policy implementation strategy, however the emerging strategy include:-

Promoting affordable and reliable energy supplies countrywide.

Reforming the market for energy services and establish adequate framework to facilitate investment, service expansion, efficient pricing mechanism and other financial incentives.

Enhancing development and utilization of indigenous and renewable energy resources and technologies.

Taking account of environmental concerns in all energy activities

Promoting energy efficiency. Increasing energy education and building gender

balanced capacity in energy planning, implementation and monitoring.

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3.2 Policy Implementation Programmes and Projects

The following are some projects and programmes aimed at energy policy implementation:

Establishment of Rural Energy Agency and Rural Energy Fund.

MEM institutional capacity strengthening project .

Study for preparing Rural electrification master plan.

Solar PV market development project. Implementation of the GVEP project . Power utility reforms and restructuring. Establishment of EWURA. Others

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3.3 Current Energy Policy Implementation Limitations

No deliberate policy implementation strategy in place.

Appropriate laws and regulations are not yet in place.

No programmes for policy implementation.

The existing capacity is inadequate for policy implementation.

Implementation coordination with other sectors and stakeholders could be improved.

Mechanism for monitoring and evaluating policy implementation need to be put in place.

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4.0 IMPACTS OF ENERGY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS

Over the years there have been several efforts to improve the rural energy situations, some of such efforts include:-

Rural electrification projects. Enhancing woodfuels supply through better

forest management and afforestration projects. Demand side management through promoting

efficient woodfuels production and use technologies

Promoting use of woodfuels substitutes such as kerosene, biogas, coal, LPG and electricity.

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4.1 Impacts of Energy Programmes and Projects

Despite the above efforts, there have been minimal impacts on rural energy situation.

Woodfuels depletion continues and areas of scarcity are on the increase.

More than 90 percent of the Tanzanians have no access to electricity, only 2 % of rural area have.

There is weak rural energy infrastructure. More than 90% of the total energy consumed is

from biomass. Human physical power is still the main source of

energy for agriculture and transportation in rural areas.

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4.2 Barriers To Improving Rural Energy Situation

Top down approaches to rural energy planning and implementation not addressing the real development needs, priorities and causes in area specific social cultural setting.

Inadequate commitment and resources allocation from the government and development partners.

Financial limitations, lack of rural energy financing mechanism (affordable credits), low affordability of the rural population.

Technical constraints, inadequate human resources and facilities for rural energy skills capacity building.

Policy and institutional limitations, inadequate institutional framework, policies, laws and regulations.

Poor private sector participation due to limited rural energy awareness information, data and poor market.

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5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It is a great challenge to provide modern energy in rural areas,

Integrated rural development should be the overall priority in meeting the energy challenge. Multi-sectoral cooperation is essential.

Greater efforts should be in increasing investments from donors , government and private sector.

Policy formulation process and supportive implementation instruments should be in place and enforced.

More efforts should be made to promote local energy institutions and entrepreneurs.

More efforts on developing effective financial and technical delivery mechanism need to be made.

Special efforts need to be made to put in place appropriate policy and regulations for the use of biofuels for transport and rural energy needs.

All efforts should be made to fully involve local people in all stages of designing and implementing of rural energy initiatives.

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Thank you for your Attention

Tanzania Traditional Energy Development andEnvironment Organization (TaTEDO)

Off Shekilango RoadP.O.Box 32794 Dar es Salaam,

Tel: + 255 22 2700438 / 2700771Email: energy@tatedo.org

URL.www.tatedo.org